If I have a mixture of sand and marbles in a dish, what can I use to separate the two solids?

There are couple of ways to do the separation. We can separate the sand and marbles based on their size or density.

Size:

Marbles are generally bigger in size than the sand and hence can be separated by the process of filtration. We can use fine sieves and filter the mixture through them. Sand, being finer, will be able to pass through the sieves, while the marbles would be collected on the sieves.

Density:

Sand has a lower density (1.4 - 1.6 g/cm^3) as compared to marbles (2.6 - 2.8 g/cm^3) and hence the separation can be on the basis on differences in the density. We can simply shake the mixture vigorously for some time, this will cause denser particles to settle, while lighter particles will rise up. This way we can separate sand and marbles.

Hope this helps. 

Why did the United States enter World War II?

The United States entered World War II after the Japanese Navy attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. This was the culmination of a long process in which Japanese imperial ambitions in the Pacific and German aggressions in Europe threatened to drag a reluctant nation into war. In the 1930s, the United States responded to German and Japanese aggressions by maintaining its own neutrality. But President Franklin Roosevelt was always skeptical that the United States could remain aloof from the affairs of the rest of the world. In 1939, the United States began to provide military assistance to Great Britain, by then at war with Germany, on a "cash and carry" basis. Later, after Hitler overran Europe, Congress approved a "lend-lease" plan that involved massive loans of cash and war materiel to the British, the Soviet Union, and China, all of which were at war with the Axis Powers. But still the United States remained out of World War II. This changed in 1941 when, in response to the Japanese invasion of Indochina, Roosevelt ordered the cessation of oil exports to Japan, and froze Japanese assets. The Japanese then formulated a plan to attack the American naval forces based at Pearl Harbor.

What do the relationships in The Stranger say about Camus' view of relationships?

While the story of Meursault is the primary focus of the book, there are several relationships in the book that shed light on how Camus views the world.

As an existentialist, Camus highlights one of the fundamental beliefs of existentialism—all humans suffer from alienation and thus cannot ever truly know other people. We see this estrangement with Meursault right away as he is unable to express an emotional response to Maman’s death. Instead of feeling emotions like sadness or loss for family, Meursault feels the physical sun on his back during the procession and annoyance at his mother’s friends who cry at her wake.

In terms of friendship, Meursault is unable to grasp that Celeste cares for him as more than a simple acquaintance from the restaurant. Meursault only seems to notice his genuine affection when Celeste gives his testimony (which Meursault responds to by saying he could “cry”). In a different capacity, Meursault’s relationship with Raymond shows Meursault’s willingness to follow others. Meursault does not seem fazed by Raymond abusing his girlfriend, the rumors about Raymond, or Raymond’s aggressive attitude and instead goes along with all Raymond asks of him.

Similarly, when Meursault dates Marie, he is primarily focused on the physical pleasure he brings her as opposed to her emotional support. This emotional detachment is illustrated by his constant reference to her body and not her mind or personality. Even when she asks him about marriage, his apathetic response is “it didn’t make any difference to me and that we could if she wanted to” (41). Even Meursault’s romantic relationships mean little to him.

Finally, Salamano and his dog also provide a point of comparison. Old Salamano treats his dog horribly as he beats him and swears at him. However, once the dog runs away, Salamano is heartbroken. When he hears dogs bark at night, he is reminded of his loss. While it is interesting that Salamano feels very clear emotions of remorse and longing, Camus’s decision to estrange Salamano from his pet—“man’s best friend”— and provide no resolution to this side-plot again reflects the existentialist tenet that all humans are alienated.

In Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist, how does the alchemist demonstrate his powers to Santiago with the philosopher's stone?

After the general of the warring tribe allows Santiago and the alchemist go free, the pair heads towards the Egyptian pyramids. The alchemist doesn't go all the way to pyramids with the boy, though. Instead, he stops with the boy at a Coptic monastery, and he asks a monk to use the kitchen. Once there, the alchemist demonstrates his skills in front of the boy and the monk, as follows:

"The alchemist lighted the fire, and the monk brought him some lead, which the alchemist placed in an iron pan. When the lead had become liquid, the alchemist took from his pouch the strange yellow egg. He scraped from it a sliver as thin as a hair, wrapped it in wax, and added it to the pan in which the lead had melted" (154).

The "yellow egg" is the philosopher's stone. It is an essential ingredient to the recipe for turning lead into gold. Once the mixture receives the thin piece of the philosopher's stone, it turns as red as blood. The alchemist then takes the pan off of the heat to cool for a while. After cooling, the monk and the boy are surprised as follows:

"When the pan had cooled, the monk and the boy looked at it, dazzled. The lead had dried into the shape of the pan, but it was no longer lead. It was gold" (154-155).

Santiago asks the alchemist if he will ever learn to turn lead into gold. The alchemist explains that the skill is his Personal Legend, not the boy's. He only shows the boy his skills because he wants him to know that the process is possible.

What increases from mass or volume, when density increases?

Density of a substance is the ratio of its mass and volume. In other words,

density = mass / volume

Since mass is commonly measured in the units of g and kg, volume is generally measured in the units of ml, l, m^3, cm^3, etc.; the commonly used units of density are g/ml, g/cm^3, kg/l, kg/m^3, etc.

From the relationship between density, mass and volume, it is clear that density can decrease in only two cases:

a) mass decrease or b) volume increases. 

Since mass is the measure of matter contained in a body, it is a constant (unless some addition or subtraction is done from it). Volume, on the other hand, can vary.

Thus, density decrease can only take place when the volume of a substance increases. 

When the volume increases, the molecules move farther apart from each other and the amount of matter in a unit volume decreases, which means the density decreases. When we heat a substance, its volume increases and correspondingly, its density decreases.

Hope this helps. 

In "Every Little Hurricane" from Sherman Alexie's The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight In Heaven, what two things collide and cause the storm?

In the story "Every Little Hurricane" from Sherman Alexie's The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, brothers Adolph and Arnold ("High-pressure and low-pressure fronts") fight in Victor's front yard creating a metaphorical hurricane. This story is told from a third-person limited point-of-view following the thoughts of Victor, who is a boy in this story (he's older in other stories in this collection).

The entire story is an extended metaphor comparing the plight of the modern Native American living on a reservation to the damage that can be created by a hurricane. This fight between brothers, although it causes major damage, is nothing large on an Indian reservation. According to the narrator, "One Indian killing another did not create a special kind of storm. This little kind of hurricane was generic. It didn’t even deserve a name."

Although this storm started with the brothers fighting, it was transferred from Indian to Indian at this party. The narrator discusses several of the terrible memories the party's guests have primarily because they are Indian. Victor's father remembers being spit on while he waited for a bus; Victor's mother remembers the Indian Health Services doctors sterilizing her without permission after she gave birth to Victor; the brothers remember their other battles during childhood because "[w]hen children grow up together in poverty, a bond is formed that is stronger than most anything. It’s this same bond that causes so much pain." 

Victor sees all these things happening—the negative feelings, the feelings of resentment—and continues to compare them to a hurricane:

"The forecast was not good. Indians continued to drink, harder and harder, as if anticipating. There’s a fifty percent chance of torrential rain, blizzardlike conditions, seismic activity. Then there’s a sixty percent chance, then seventy, eighty."

In the morning, all was good, but the Indians, "the eternal survivors, gathered to count their losses."

This extended metaphor suggests that what happens on an Indian reservation—alcoholism, violence—isn't caused by men, but, like a hurricane, is an outside force that is beyond the control of the people, but leaves tremendous damage in its wake.

What is the the main conflict of Chapter 2 of The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton?

The main conflict discussed in Chapter 2 of The Outsiders is one that is told in flashback: Johnny was beaten badly in a field on the corner of the block in the neighborhood where the boys live. 

One night Ponyboy and Steve left Steve's car at the DX gast station where Pony's brother Sodapop works. As he and Steve walked home, they passed the field and Steve saw Johnny's blue jean jacket lying on the ground. Then, they noticed a blood stain on the collar and on the ground. Quickly, they searched the field, where they discovered Johnny lying "in a lump." He was beaten severely and even cut with a knife; in fact, there was a long cut running from his temple to his cheekbone, a cut that has now left Johnny with a serious scar. His white t-shirt was splattered with blood, as well.

Worried that Johnny might be dead, Soda called to him as he lifted Johnny. Finally, there was a murmur of recognition: "Soda?" Then, as the boys held him, Johnny told the others that he was beaten by the Socs, who had pulled up in a blue Mustang as he was looking for the football in the field. 

There were four Socs in it. They had caught him and one of them had a lot of rings on his hand--- that's what had cut Johnny up so badly. It wasn't just that they had beaten him half to death--- he could take that. They had scared him. They had threatened him with everything under the sun.

After this terrible beating, Johnny has not been the same. Although he is still never afraid to defend the Greasers, he is always nervous and "jumpier than ever." Moreover, Johnny now carries a switchblade in his back pocket, determined to never take such a beating again: "He would kill the next person who jumped him," narrates Ponyboy.

Where did the first people to populate the Americas come from?

The first people to populate the Americas most likely came from East Asia. Historians, archaeologists, and biologists have performed extensive studies of the culture and DNA of indigenous Americans. These studies have led them to conclude that indigenous Americans most likely crossed from Russia into Alaska via the Bering Strait, a now-submerged land bridge in the Bering Sea. According to a gene study profiled in USA Today, this migration took place in three waves: 30,000; 16,000; and 15,000 years ago. After reaching North America, they gradually migrated south.

Interestingly, a recent gene study indicated that indigenous Americans have genomes that contain many similarities to those of west Eurasians. This seems to indicate that some of the Bering Strait migrant populations actually originated in the Middle East and Europe, rather than solely in East Asia.

Scholars sometimes use Frankenstein as an argument against scientific technology that creates life forms; others argue that it is not technology...

Shelley's position seems to be that it is not technology itself that is problematic, but, rather, the use to which we put it is the problem.  After all, the creature Frankenstein makes is loving and gentle and kind by nature.  His feelings are all alive to the natural world around him, and he is particularly empathetic, especially in regard to the DeLacey family.  It is not until he is treated monstrously by society that he, in fact, becomes a monster.  However, she points the finger at Frankenstein fairly early.  His desire to somehow render humanity invulnerable to disease is a noble enterprise, but his ambition for glory, to be hailed as the father of a species, soon takes over, and he only sees his creature as an experiment -- not a person.  He raids morgues and mausoleums, illegally stealing parts from the recently deceased, acting against his own human nature, which turned from his occupation with "loathing," and then he selfishly abandons his creation and subsequently wonders why it hates him.  It is Victor's lack of ethics, his unscrupulous behavior, and then his total lack of responsibility that creates the problems in the story, and this indicates that Shelley holds him responsible; in short, he is the monster.  Therefore, it is not technology or science that is to blame, but the scientist who makes poor choices.

I tend to agree with Shelley.  Scientific advancement has helped to prevent and cure disease, to extend the life of those who are ill, to lessen their pain.  We depend on technology, and it has, in many ways, increased the quality of our lives.  However, experimentation for the sake of experimentation only, or experimentation as a way to enhance one's personal glory, is unacceptable.  

What might be the cause of hearing loss and poor balance?

Your difficulty hearing and loss of balance might both be related to something in your ear, but you should consult your physician to have it looked at. We aren't physicians and can only make guesses at personal health problems.

Buildup of wax might cause hearing loss due to it creating a blockage. This is usually accompanied by a sense of fullness in the ear and sometimes itching or heat. Earwax blockages can trap bacteria and water in the ear canal and cause infection. Try to avoid putting anything into your ears, including cotton buds (also called Q-tips or cotton swabs) and especially any fluids like water, oil, or hydrogen peroxide.

While earwax buildup can cause your hearing loss, and the ears do play a role in balance and dizziness, it's not the only possible culprit in your loss of balance.

Please see your physician for an examination. They will be able to tell you whether it is a blockage, an infection, or something else, and offer you appropriate treatment.

In the first two lines of Sonnet XIX by John Milton, how does the speaker’s way of identifying this point in his life emphasize the despair he...

Sonnet XIX by John Milton, often called "On His Blindness" begins:

When I consider how my light is spent

Ere half my days in this dark world and wide ...

These lines introduce the poem as an autobiographical one reflecting on the poet's having gone blind in early middle age. Before writing this poem, Milton had a distinguished career as writer and  translator. He was also deeply religious and considered that his writing was a form of service to God and his agonizing over how he can no longer perform this service now that he is blind. 

His light thus refers both to his own work, illuminating the ways of God for man and also his life. By describing his life as "spent", he is emphasizing not only spending his light in terms of how he passed his days but also spending it in the sense of having a fixed amount that when "spent" of gone. Thus these lines emphasize that his years lived are years that are gone and that he cannot get back, emphasizing that his life is almost half over and that each day he spends brings him one day closer to death. The notion of light being "spent" also suggests his progress into the total darkness of blindness. 

In Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinson, what does the concept of housekeeping mean to Sylvie? To the girls' grandma? To Lucille? Why is the idea of...

In Robinson's novel, housekeeping means different things to different people. To the unconventional, offbeat Sylvie, a free-spirited drifter who arrives to care for her nieces, conventional middle-class notions of housekeeping don't compute. Sylvie marches to her own beat, caring for the girls in her own, odd way. She buys them pretty, sparkly shoes that fall apart quickly, rather than sturdy, sensible ones. She hoards newspapers and doesn't repair things that begin to fall apart. She doesn't feed the girls a healthy, balanced diet. She does share her senses of joy and sorrow with them. She gives them freedom and, rather than sacrificing her life to them, maintains her autonomy, sometimes wandering away for a long time. Lucille, the younger sister of the narrator, Ruth, comes increasingly to reject and hate Sylvie's erratic housekeeping. She wants a completely conventional life and eventually moves in with a "normal" family. Her notion of housekeeping is akin to what you might see on a 1950s sitcom: orderly and repressed. The girls' religious grandmother, who raises them in the early part of the novel, is also conventional in her housekeeping. Robinson questions conventional norms of housekeeping. While the townspeople eventually try to remove the girls from Sylvie, seeing her as unfit, Robinson shows us a quirky but compelling Sylvie, a woman with parenting deficits but also positive qualities. It is a different form of housekeeping. Lucille's very conventional yearnings, while understandable, seem dull and stifling within the context of the novel. Robinson encourages us to interrogate what a home is and what it means to keep one's house. Sometimes, she suggests, the best way to keep house is to burn the house down.

In "The Canterville Ghost," how does Oscar Wilde show the class disparity between the Americans and the English?

In "The Canterville Ghost," Wilde demonstrates the class disparity most clearly in the opening paragraphs. Through the character of Lord Canterville, for instance, Wilde depicts the English as keen to protect their traditions and heritage. This idea extends to his view of the ghost:

Lord Canterville himself, who was a man of the most punctilious honour, had felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Otis.

Moreover, lineage is also a point of importance to the English and this is supported by the number of times that Lord Canterville mentions his family:

• We have not cared to live in this place ourselves…since my grand-aunt, the Dowager Duchess of Bolton…


• It…always makes an appearance before the death of any member of our family.

In contrast, the Americans are portrayed as materialistic and modern. They emphasise science over tradition, as seen in Mr Otis's view of the ghost:

I reckon that if there were such a thing as a ghost in Europe, we'd have it at home in a very short time. 

In addition, for Mr Otis, living in Canterville Chase is a status symbol, and not about demonstrating lineage (as it is for the English), and we see this through Mr Otis's emphasis on money:

I will take the furniture and ghost at a valuation.

This disparity between the English and the Americans creates a culture clash (as discussed in the reference link) and this sets the scene for the ensuing conflict between the ghost and the Otis family.   

How does Romeo react when he first sees Juliet for the first time?

Romeo believes that Juliet "teaches the torches to burn bright" when he first sees her across the room at Capulet's party in Act I, Scene 5 of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. He further comments that "she hangs upon the cheek of night/As a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear—" Her "Beauty is too rich for use" and she is a "snowy dove trooping with crows" as she participates in a dance. Obviously then, Romeo is very much smitten with Juliet's appearance. He uses images which compare her to bright, shiny things because he looks at her as a new light in his life that had so recently been turned to darkness by his unrequited love for Rosaline. Once he glimpses her he vows that once the dancing is over he will go stand next to her and attempt to touch her hand. This scene has been staged in various ways. In the excellent 1968 film by Franco Zeffirelli, Romeo grabs Juliet's hand through a curtain, but once she sees him, she too is quite infatuated. He then speaks to her, comparing himself to a pilgrim worshipping at the shrine which is her hand. The first dialogue between the two is written in a 14 line sonnet and ends with a kiss.   

How did Helen's family become acquainted with the Perkins Institution?

Helen relates this progression of events in Chapter 3 of The Story of My Life. The Keller family lived in Alabama and didn’t know anyone in the area who could help Helen learn to communicate. Her mother had read the travel narrative American Notes by Charles Dickens. In it she had read of the work of Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe at the Perkins Institution, now known as the Perkins School for the Blind, near Boston. The Kellers now became aware that such help was possible. They first went to see Dr. Chisholm in Baltimore. He recommended contacting Alexander Graham Bell in Washington, D.C. Bell in turn told them to write a letter to Mr. Anagnos at the Perkins Institution. By the summer of 1886, Anagnos let them know that a teacher had been found for Helen. Anne Mansfield Sullivan arrived at the Keller house in March 1887.

How does Luke feel when he has to face his father in Star Wars?

Luke feels conflicted about facing his father because he has committed many atrocities, but Luke still feels that there is good in him. 

Growing up, Luke never knew his father or anything about his background.  He was raised by an aunt and uncle, and his uncle told him that Darth Vader killed his father.  Until he met Obi-Wan Kenobi, he had no idea that his father was a Jedi.  Even Obi-Wan did not tell him everything.  He never told him that Darth Vader was his father. 

Yoda warned Luke about confronting the emperor, but he did not tell Luke the truth about his father either.  Even though Yoda told him that he risked following the path of his father if he faced them too early, Luke felt that he had to go because his friends were in danger.

 When Luke first confronted Vader, he was shocked to learn that he was his father.  When Luke accused Vader of killing his father, Anakin Skywalker, Vader chose that moment to tell him that he was actually his father.  The knowledge stunned Luke.  He could not believe that his father had turned into such an evil figure. 

He didn’t want to believe Vader, tried to convince himself that it was Vader who lied to him—but somehow he could feel the truth in the Lark Lord’s words. … His mind screamed louder than any wind the Dark Lord could summon against him. (The Empire Strikes Back, Ch. 13) 

Luke is in pain from the loss of his hand, and also in shock from the news.  In his heart, he knows that Vader is not lying.  Luke really is his son.

Despite all of the evil that he has done, Luke tells Leia that he knows his father can be saved.  After knowing so little of his past, finding out he is a Jedi, and training with Yoda, Luke is starting to become more confident in his abilities.  Besides Leia, Vader is the only relative Luke has.  He feels a connection with him. 

For his part, Vader does try to turn Luke instead of killing him.  He sees in Luke the potential to finally get out from under the Emperor’s thumb.  He is too weak on his own, but if Luke joins with him they can overthrow Palpatine. 

During his fight with Vader, Luke severs his father’s hand.  Doing so makes him come to a realization about how much he is like his father. 

Luke stared at his father’s twitching, severed, mechanical hand—and then at his own black-gloved artificial part—and realized suddenly how much he’d become like his father.  Like the man he hated. (Return of the Jedi, Ch. 8) 

Luke renounces the Dark Side.  As Palpatine attacks him, Vader intervenes, throwing his master into the power core.  In doing so, he not only rescues Luke but proves him right.  There is still good in him.  He refused to let Palpatine destroy his son.  He tells Luke that he was right about him.  He wants Luke to tell Leia. 

Luke is saddened that his father is dead, but relieved that the Emperor is gone.  In the end, Vader was turned back to the light, and that means that Luke accomplished what he set out to do.  He still has Leia. 

Why did the French offer to sell Louisiana to the United States?

President Thomas Jefferson sent emissaries to France to negotiate the purchase of the city of New Orleans, or at the very least, guaranteed access to the ports there. This would give the United States free navigation of the Mississippi River, which was necessary for the nation's continued westward expansion--farmers had to be able to transport their crops downriver. France had only recently reacquired the region, once part of its vast North American empire, from Spain, and Napoleon hoped to develop the region into a source of wealth. But when Jefferson's emissaries arrived in France, they received the stuning offer of the entire Louisiana Territory--virtually all of the modern United States between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains--for the sum of fifteen million dollars. France was eager to sell for a few reasons. First, the Haitian Revolution had resulted in the fall of the French sugar island of Saint-Domingue. With this island no longer in French hands, New Orleans, and the French presence in the region in general, no longer seemed as desirable. Also, France was entering into war with Great Britain and other European powers, and was in need of the cash from the land deal. So Napoleon, in short, was more focused on affairs in Europe than on rebuilding a French empire in North America and the Caribbean.

Discuss the external environment of Africa as a setting for doing business.

Most of sub-Saharan Africa falls into the category of emerging or frontier markets. While many external factors make it a promising long-term environment for business, many external environmental factors also limit ways of doing business in the region.

The first external issue is lack of infrastructure. Many areas of Africa lack reliable power, transportation, and communication. This means businesses in Africa either must create their own infrastructure (e.g. by buying generators to supply power) or create workarounds to deal with lack of infrastructure. This means cost reduction procedures such as just-in-time manufacturing are not possible; instead, inventories need to be maintained at high levels due to erratic supply chains. Political instability and corruption are also external factors that affect one's ability to conduct business in the region.

On a more positive note, Africa is richly supplied with natural resources and is reaping a demographic dividend due to a youthful and growing population.

What are some literary terms in "Seeing Things Simply" in order to create a research question for this short story?

"Seeing Things Simply" is one of the nine short stories in Edwidge Danticat's collection Krik? Krak!. In this story, the young girl named Princesse poses nude for a foreign painter named Catherine. Princesse is at first nervous about being painted nude, but is reassured by Catherine that they will be discreet and that nobody will see the paintings. Later in the story, Princesse grows confident in her own beauty and decides to become an artist herself.

Some of the literary terms you may find in this short story could be: themes, characterization, and symbols.

Some possible questions could be: What themes can be found in "Seeing Things Simply?" How does the character Princesse evolve within the short story? What symbols can be found in "Seeing Things Simply?"

One thing you may want to consider is how themes, characters, and symbols work throughout all of the short stories. Are there similar themes that act as threads running throughout each of the short stories? Are there symbols that repeat themselves within the various short stories? How are characters similar and or different throughout each of the short stories?

Some themes to consider: suffering, family

Some symbols to consider: water, butterflies, crying

`int 12/(1+9x^2) dx` Find the indefinite integral

Recall that the indefinite integral is denoted as: 

`int f(x) dx =F(x)+C`

There properties and basic formulas of integration we can apply to simply certain function.

For the problem `int (12)/(1+9x^2)dx`

we apply the `int cf(x)dx = c int f(x)dx `   to become:

`12 int 1/(1+9x^2)dx`

Then apply the basic inverse trigonometric function formula: 

`int (du)/(a^2+u^2) = 1/a arctan(u/a)+C`

By comparison with the basic  formula and the given problem, we can let:

`a^2 =1` 

`u^2=9x^2 or (3x)^2`

 then `du = 3 dx`

 To satisfy the given formula, we need to multiply the integral by `3/3` to

be able to match   ` du = 3 dx` .

 The integral value will note change since multiplying by 3/3 is the same as multiplying by 1.  Note: `3/3= 1 ` and` 3/3 = 3*(1/3)`

 Then `12 int 1/(1+9x^2)dx * 3/3`

`= 12 int 1/(1+9x^2)dx * 3 * 1/3`

`= 12 (1/3)int 1*3/(1+9x^2)dx `

`=4 int (3 dx)/(1+9x^2)`

The` int (3 dx)/(1+9x^2) ` is now similar to `int (du)/(a^2+u^2) ` where:

`du =3dx` ,` a^2 =1` and `u^2 = 9x^2 or (3x)^2`

then `a=1 ` and `u =3x` .

Plug-in  `a=1` and` u = 3x` in `1/a arctan(u/a)+C` , we get:

`4* int (3 dx)/(1+9x^2) = 4* 1/1 arctan((3x)/1)+C`

                                  `=4 arctan(3x)+C` 

What does the variable n usually represent in mathematics?

What does the variable n in mathematics usually mean?

The variable can mean many things.  

1)  Maybe the variable is used in an equation only to represent an unknown, such as:  `10 = 6n+4`

2)  The variable "n" can often be used to represent a number, or element in a sequence.  Often written as 

`a(n) = 4n+5 `

represents an arithmetic sequence of values where n represents the number of the element.

3) It is also used to represent integer elements of a set. So the set of even numbers has elements n= 2, n= 4, n=6, etc.

What is the moral message in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson?

One moral message of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is that it is necessary for the individual to wrestle with his or her own dark side; there is no shortcut or easy way to escape having to do this.  When Dr. Jekyll tries to separate his dark side, the side of him that wants to engage in immoral or unethical behavior, from his good side, he finds that -- over time -- he begins to lose control over the evil part of himself.  It becomes more and more powerful, and he can no longer fight it successfully.  He had been hoping to destroy this side of himself and find an easy way to avoid having to struggle with it.  He learns, too late, that the struggle would have been far better than attempting to rid himself entirely of the darkness.  This makes it seem as though such darkness is actually a fundamental part of every individual and that there is value in learning to control one's sinful or evil impulses.

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, when Mrs. Merriweather claims, "[T]here are some good but misguided people in this town," who is she...

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses the missionary circle meeting in Chapter 24 to expose the hypocrisies of many Christians in Maycomb. She does so by having the ladies at the meeting speak passionately about the needs of poor African tribes while also slandering African Americans in their own hometown. Characters like Mrs. Farrow speak of the prejudiced beliefs that all African Americans are immoral and inferior. Since people like Mrs. Farrow hold such beliefs, the same people also believe that Atticus made the wrong choice when he decided to put his all into defending Tom Robinson. Hence, when Mrs. Merriweather speaks of "good but misguided people," she is speaking of Atticus.

In Mrs. Merriweather's view, Atticus is a good person because he upholds his principles. In saying, "Might've looked like the right thing to do at the time," she is saying that she acknowledges Atticus tried to uphold his principles by doing what all good defense lawyers should do--defend a client. However, she also feels he made the wrong decision because the only thing his efforts accomplish was "stir 'em up," meaning make the African-American community aware of and protest against the social injustices heaped upon them. However, people like Mrs. Merriweather do not see mistreatment as social injustices; instead, she sees African Americans as being put in their rightful place of subordination. Therefore, she sees their protests as being nothing more than sulking and grumbling, as we see when she says, "[S]ulky ... dissatisfied ... I tell you if my Sophy'd kept it up another day I'd have let her go" (Ch. 24).

Hence, in her speech in Chapter 24, Mrs. Merriweather is accusing Atticus of having made a wrongful decision that led to nothing but trouble in the town because the African Americans began sulking, grumbling, and complaining about their treatment.

`y = x^3` Determine whether the function is a solution of the differential equation `xy' - 2y = x^3e^x`

In order to check if the given function is solution of th given differential equation, we first need to find the derivative of the function.

`y'=3x^2`

Now we plug the into the equation.

`x cdot 3x^2-2cdotx^3=3x^3-2x^3=x^3 ne x^3e^x`  

Since the left and the right hand side of the equation are not equal, the given function is not a solution to the given differential equation.

What actions of Stalin began the Cold War?

Stalin's decision to install a Communist government in Poland is perhaps the single event that, from the perspective of the United States, at least, can be said to have begun the Cold War. The Soviet leader had already agreed, with Franklin Roosevelt at the Yalta Conference a few months before, to allow for democratic elections in Poland. However, with Poland occupied by Soviet troops at the end of the war in Europe, he changed his mind, and set up a communist state in that country, despite his private misgivings about the feasibility of such a government in Poland. The Potsdam Conference of July 1945 took place with this development in the background, and Harry Truman, having assumed the office upon the death of Franklin Roosevelt in April of that year, was incensed. He believed that the Soviets had betrayed their promise at Yalta, and saw Soviet influence in Poland as an act of aggression. This event illustrated that cracks were already beginning to develop in the never-comfortable alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union. It should be noted, however, that some historians question the extent to which Stalin was responsible for beginning the Cold War. Some, for example,  point to the use of the atomic bomb on Japan as the single event that began the conflict, which played out against the backdrop of the threat posed by atomic and later nuclear weapons.

How does Torvald respond to Krogstad's first and second letter in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House?

In the third act of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, Torvald's response upon reading the first letter is one of fury.

Nora misjudged her husband. She believed he would see right away how much she had sacrificed herself by forging the loan to save his life; she further believed he would do whatever was in his power to sacrifice himself to save her reputation. Contrary to her beliefs, Torvald's response is to call Nora a horrible person. He blames her father for her "want of principle" and accuses her of having "[n]o religion, no morality, no sense of duty," which is all the exact opposite of what she believes herself to have. He even calls her a "[m]iserable creature" and begins to think of her as some sort of punishment sent down by God.

Despite Torvald's ravings upon reading the first letter, he responds to the second letter in which Krogstad returns the bond and cancels all debt by instantly forgiving Nora. First, he jubilantly exclaims he has been saved from a bad reputation and blackmail, mentioning Nora has been saved too only as an afterthought; then, he tears up the letters and bond and pretends the whole experience was "nothing but a bad dream." Furthermore, when he sees Nora looking cold and harsh, he begs her to understand he completely forgives her. He even says, "I know that what you did, you did out of love for me... You have loved me as a wife ought to love her husband." The hypocrisy of it all does not escape Nora, as she realizes he never really understood her or knew her for the person she really is. He never truly loved her; he "only thought it pleasant to be in love with [her]." As a result, Nora realizes it is time for her to escape him to become her own person.

How are layers of sediment laid down in water?

In water systems, sediment is the unconsolidated mineral matter carried by wind, water, or ice. In some settings, organic material may also be considered to be sediment. Mineral sediments are mostly a result of erosional processes - in a river. For instance, the water will carve material away from the river bank and river bed and transport it downstream. Other material is blown into the river, adding to the sedimentary load. On the other hand, organic material is often the result of the decay of dead organisms. Algae, for instance, will die and add to the sediment load. 

Using a river as an example, consider material deposited upstream. As the river flows, it will carry this material downstream. Along the way, some of the material will remain suspended in the water - if it's light enough, the river can continue to carry it. Other materials are carried and dropped before reaching a terminal location downstream. The stream capacity is the factor that determines how much of a sediment is transported and where it will be dropped. As a stream picks up sediment, the total load of material gets heavier. Although the river may be able to sustain the load for some time, it will eventually become too heavy to move. At some point, enough material will be added to the load to overwhelm the river and the river will leave some material behind.

Over time, the deposited sediments will build onto the river bed in layers. Since the eroded and deposited material will differ over time with seasonal changes, wind changes, and material changes, the sediment layers will be identifiably different. For more information on sedimentary processes, check out the included link.

What is the minimum level of hemoglobin required for survival?

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells which helps to transport oxygen throughout the body. There is a normal, healthy range for hemoglobin levels, and most healthy people fall within this range when they have a blood test. The healthy range of hemoglobin may vary depending on factors such as age and biological sex.

The normal ranges for children are 14-24 g/dL for newborn babies and 9.5-13 g/dL for infants. The normal ranges for adult males is 13.8-17.2 g/dL, and for adult females, 12.1-15.1 g/dL. Children who have grown out of infancy but have  not quite finished puberty are expected to fall somewhere between the infant and adult ranges, typically around 13 or 14 g/dL depending on age and biological sex.

Someone who has levels of hemoglobin which are clinically low or low but within normal range may experience fatigue, weight loss, shortness of breath, and skin which is paler than normal. Some conditions cause a chronically low level of hemoglobin, like hypothyroidism, cancer, and chronic anemia. In such cases, low hemoglobin and its cause should be closely followed by a physician.

There is no one, standard minimum level of hemoglobin agreed upon in the medical community. Hemoglobin levels are highly variable from person to person and may even shift within one person over the course of several days. In the past, it was generally agreed upon by hematologists and those concerned with blood transfusion that 10g/dL of hemoglobin was the absolute minimum acceptable amount. More recently, this value has been questioned, as hemoglobin levels are only one facet of respiration and hemostasis. While low hemoglobin increases risk of death, it is the stress placed on the heart and poor oxygenation to the brain and other tissues which would be the actual cause of death. 

If you or someone you know has low hemoglobin levels, please see a physician to discuss how you can manage this condition. Having adequate protein intake and getting exercise are good ways to ensure the health of your red blood cells.

According to Paine, why is there a need for regulations and government in general?

Paine answers this question in a brief discussion of the difference between "society" and "government." He views society as the consequence of human interactions, both economic and emotional, each carried out with the aim of satisfying human wants and needs. Society is healthy, natural, and, he says, "in every state a blessing." Government, on the other hand, is always a "necessary evil," according to Paine. Government exists to restrain people from their worst impulses--to keep them from stealing from and killing each other. This is what Paine means when he says that government is the "badge of lost innocence." It exists, in short, to protect the rights of the people, and to guarantee their freedom and security. The best government, according to Paine, will be one which places the least burden on the people, both in terms of money and in terms of intervention in their day to day lives. Governments should be very limited in authority, and they must be representative. So the regulations established by the state should limit the freedoms of the people only to the extent necessary to protect them from each other. His larger point is that the British government has acted contrary to these principles, an argument which is intended to justify separating from it.

Consider two barometers, one using mercury and another using an unknown liquid. Suppose that the pressure above the liquid in each tube is...

Hello!

A barometer is used for measuring pressure, in our case the atmospheric pressure. This is achieved by balancing atmospheric pressure with the pressure of a liquid column.

The pressure of a liquid column depends only on its height, `P = rho g H,` where `rho` is the density of a liquid, `H` is the height of a column and `g` is the gravity acceleration. Mercury is often used for this purpose because of its high density (about `13.7 (g)/(cm^3)`) which results in a relatively low height.

The `13.4` times greater height of an unknown liquid means that its density is `13.4` times less than that of mercury. It is about `13.7/13.4 approx 1.022 g/(cm^3).` This isn't the density of pure water but close to it; sea water has approximately such a density.

Which of the 5 Toqueville values is the most important one? And why?

In his book Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville lists five values that ensured the success of America's constitutional republic. These values are liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism, and laissez-faire. Liberty refers to freedom of choice, so long as the choices one makes do not limit the freedom of others. Egalitarianism is the belief of equality in opportunity, and individualism is the freedom of individuals to pursue their own goals. Populism refers to democratic values, the belief that ordinary people rather than elites should be in control of government decision making. Finally, laissez-faire is defined as an economic system in which government interference in the market is minimal. In his writing, de Tocqueville does not single out a particular value as being more important than the rest. However, it would be possible to argue that either egalitarianism or populism are crucial to ensure equitable access to the benefits of the other values; if ordinary people were not granted equal opportunity and the right to participate in their society, the values of individualism, liberty, and laissez-faire could be limited to an elite class.

How are Lennie, George, and Curley lonely in Of Mice and Men?

The pain of loneliness is one of the major themes in Steinbeck's novella. The characters who are overtly lonely include Crooks and Curley's wife, but an argument could be made that all the characters suffer from loneliness and alienation. Lennie and George have a distinct advantage over the other characters because they have each other. Lennie is often saying, in reference to their friendship and how others might be alone:

“But not us! An’ why? Because . . . . because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, and that’s why.”

Lennie, however, becomes lonely when George goes into Soledad on a Saturday night. In chapter four, he is in the barn when he sees Crooks's light. He is naturally interested in starting a conversation with Crooks out of the need to be with someone, which Crooks will bitterly describe to Lennie in this chapter.

George is sometimes described with the term "morose." While not defined as loneliness it does indicate that George is sullen and gloomy. He feels the depression and loneliness of a man who is always on the move, never able to put down roots and stay in one place. Moreover, he is constantly worried about Lennie and what the big man might do which will get them in trouble or "canned" from a job. His dream is to one day have his own "little piece of land." This dream farm is for George, and other characters, the solution to loneliness and unease.

Curley is a man alone searching for companionship which he never finds. He is forever looking for his wife or trying to intimidate the other men, which seems to be simply a way of getting their attention and showing off his perceived power over them. Unfortunately for Curley, he never finds his wife and never connects with any of the men. He is, even more than Crooks and his wife, an outcast without friends. That he feels the pain of this loneliness is unclear. Throughout the story he remains a static character who never changes from the brutish and angry little man who is introduced in chapter two.

What does "strategic location" mean? As in, "India has a strategic location, as it has many sea routes?"

A strategic location is one that would be beneficial to strategy or offer many opportunities for implementing strategy. That being said, "strategy" alone is somewhat ambiguous. In the context of the setting you've provided, it sounds like India is a strategic location for economic pursuits, as waterways can easily be used to transport goods. In this way, India's many waterways would be beneficial in trade strategy and allow for goods or even people—tourists, workers—to get around faster than on land. If a particular company wanted to implement some strategy (like ensuring a shipment of goods within a set time frame), waterways might be beneficial because they do not require the kind of upkeep that roads and railways do.

An alternate meaning to consider is the benefit to military strategy. Waterways create natural boundaries, with sea routes being important ways of getting across or around such boundaries. If the people of India wanted to cut off access to their land or water for some reason, blocking access by sea routes would be a great way to do this.

`f(x) = sinxsinhx - cosxcoshx , -4

This function is infinitely differentiable on entire `RR.` The necessary condition of extremum for such a function is `f'(x) = 0.`

To find the derivative of this function we need the product rule and the derivatives of sine, cosine, hyperbolic sine and hyperbolic cosine. We know them:)

So  `f'(x) = cosx sinhx + sinx coshx + sinx coshx - cosx sinhx = 2 sinx coshx.`

The function `coshx` is always positive, hence `f'(x) = 0` at those points where `sinx = 0.` They are `k pi` for integer `k,` and three of them are in the given interval: `-pi,` `0` and `pi.`

Moreover, `f'(x)` has the same sign as `sinx,` so it is positive from `-4` to `-pi,` negative from `-pi` to `0,` positive from `0` to `pi` and negative again from `pi` to `4.` Function `f(x)` increases and decreases accordingly, therefore it has local minima at `x=-4,` `x=0` and `x=4,` and local maxima at `x=-pi` and `x=pi.`

Are Odysseus's actions in dealing with the suitors consistent with his actions in earlier episodes of the epic?

Absolutely, Odysseus's actions in dealing with the suitors are consistent with his earlier behavior in the poem.  He deals with them cleverly and definitively, refusing to feel guilty for the action he feels he was required, by honor, to take.  Consider his treatment of Polyphemus, the Cyclops.  That monster disobeyed the rules of ancient Greek hospitality, choosing instead to entrap the men and make meals of them.  Odysseus shrewdly tells him that his name is "Nobody" and then gets him drunk; once the Cyclops has passed out, Odysseus and his men blind him with a stake they'd sharpened in the fire.  Then, when other monsters come to his aid, Polyphemus tells them that "Nobody" is hurting him, and so they leave!  It's very smart.  Further, Odysseus feels that the action he takes is justified by the Cyclops's own behavior.

Likewise, when Odysseus returns home, he comes up with another clever plan to avenge the suitors' terrible behavior toward his family and punish them for their absolute disregard of the rules of hospitality.  Although, in this case, instead of failing to offer hospitality, they have taken advantage of it.  He, then, deals with them swiftly and decisively, killing all those who behaved unscrupulously in his absence.  Odysseus is capable of terrible violence when he feels it is deserved, and those who disregard the gods' laws about hospitality seem, to him, to be especially deserving.  We see this, first, in his treatment of Polyphemus, and again in his treatment of the suitors; thus, he is consistent in his actions.

Why were plays an important part of the royal court during the Elizabethan Era?

There were several reasons that drama became an important part of court life during the Elizabethan era. The first reason was that Queen Elizabeth herself enjoyed it. Unlike some of her debauched male relatives, Elizabeth was intelligent and well-educated, fluent in Latin, and enjoyed intelligent entertainment rather than just drunken revelry.

Drama was an important medium of entertainment in a society that lacked video games, television, and even electricity. Books were extremely expensive and could only be read by one person at a time. Dramatic and musical performances could entertain groups of people. Nobles of the period were expected to have artistic skills, including the ability to play instruments, sing, act, and write poetry. The nobles themselves might perform in court masques, although other plays were performed by professional actors.

Finally, being a patron of a dramatic troupe was a way for a noble to display wealth and taste and perhaps please the Queen by commissioning plays she would enjoy. 

In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, what did Jem tell Scout about his pants when he retrieved them?

Jem, Scout, and Dill decided to go sneak around the Radley house. They wanted to see Boo Radley by looking through a window. They were scared off when Mr. Radley saw them. They ran and escaped through the back fence, but Jem's pants got stuck on the barbed wire. He had to leave them behind, but he knew he could not account for his pants simply vanishing. Despite Scout's protests, Jem went back to the Radley yard to fetch his pants after Atticus had gone to sleep.

When Jem came back, he did not tell Scout what he had found. He later told Scout what had happened. His pants were there, but not stuck to the barbed wire fence:

"When I went back for my breeches—they were all in a tangle when I was gettin' out of 'em, I couldn't get 'em loose. When I went back—" Jem took a deep breath. "When I went back, they were folded across the fence… like they were expectin' me." (To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapter 7).

Jem was confused about how he had found his pants. He also told Scout that they had been crudely stitched. Both Scout and Jem agreed that someone had expected him to return for the pants.

Who says "Alack, there lies more peril in thine eye than twenty of their swords. Look thou but sweet, and I am proof against their enmity" in Romeo...

These words are spoken by Romeo to Juliet in the celebrated balcony scene in Act II, Scene 2. Juliet expresses concern about Romeo's safety. She says:

If they do see thee, they will murder thee.

This is the literally true. Romeo might get by with crashing the Capulet party and with flirting with the young Juliet on the dance floor, but this intrusion into the Capulet estate would outrage Lord Capulet and all the other Capulets. It looks like a bold attempt to seduce Juliet. But Romeo is carried away by his love for this girl. He is no Cyrano de Bergerac, who can take on one hundred swordsmen at a time. He is just a young man who is emboldened by his passion that he is willing to take on twenty swordsmen if necessary. He responds to Juliet's fear with the following lines:

Alack, there lies more peril in thine eye
Than twenty of their swords! Look thou but sweet,
And I am proof against their enmity.

What he means by "more peril" in Juliet's eye is that he would consider it a greater danger to be rejected by her than to be assaulted by twenty armed men.

If Romeo were attacked by twenty swordsmen he would be killed. He is a match for Tybalt--but not for Tybalt and nineteen others! His statement shows his recklessness under the driving power of love. His recklessness is evident throughout the play. He not only falls in love at first sight but gets married immediately and climbs a rope ladder to spend a night with Juliet in a household where his life is in imminent danger. Juliet, inflamed by Romeo's contagious passion, becomes equally reckless and abandoned. Both of them will die as a result of their love.

What is the contribution of Ansoff's product-market model to a firm's competitiveness?

Ansoff's product-market model is a simple model that many businesses use to organize and define their marketing strategy. It breaks marketing into two dimensions: Products and markets.

These two dimensions result in four possible cases to consider (and direct investment toward):

Current products in current markets is market penetration---trying to ensure that you reach as much of your current market with your current product as possible.

Current products in new markets is market development---trying to expand the customer base of your existing products.

New products in current markets is product development---making new products (or versions of products) to satisfy your existing customer base.

Finally, new products in new markets is diversification---expanding your business in fundamentally new directions, making new products and finding new customers for them.
Organizing thinking in this way can help businesses prioritize their investments and make sure they are not spending too little on one part of the market and too much on another.

When Steinbeck quit college, what occupation did he decide to focus on?

It's pretty clear that John Steinbeck always intended to be a writer. At Stanford, which he attended off and on for six years from 1919 to 1925, he concentrated on creative writing courses without focusing on achieving a degree. In the biography John Steinbeck, Writer, Jackson J. Benson argues that Steinbeck was one of the few great writers of his generation who actually received training in a college creative-writing curriculum. One of the professors who had a profound effect on Steinbeck's writing was his short story teacher Edith Ronald Mirrielees, who convinced the young Steinbeck to avoid wordiness and ornamentation in his prose. She also urged him to be careful in his revisions in order to say what he truly meant. 

After leaving Stanford in 1925, Steinbeck moved to New York City with the idea of being a journalist. For a short time, he made a meager living writing for the New York American and doing construction work, most notably as a laborer on the building of Madison Square Garden. Steinbeck's sojourn in New York was short lived as he soon returned to California, living and working near Lake Tahoe, where he wrote his first novel, the commercially unsuccessful Cup Of Gold. Eventually, Steinbeck gained success with novels such as Tortilla Flat, In Dubious Battle, Of Mice and Men, and finally fame and wealth with the publication of his masterpiece, Grapes of Wrath, in 1939.

What substances can be found in one RNA molecule?

It is important to note that, while almost all RNA molecules are different, they are all made of the same things. The difference is in how the substances are put together, rather than which ones. This is how data can be stored in RNA to synthesize proteins. 

RNA, or Ribonucleic Acid, is a molecule consisting of a chain of ribose and phosphate with nucleotides bound to the ribose in four different bases; guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine. The letters G, U, A, and C are used to denote these. 

The four nitrogen bases are made up of hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen in various configurations. Phosphates are made of phosphorus and oxygen. Ribose sugar is made with carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. 

These are the substances in RNA by molecule and element. In the lab setting, it can be useful at times to use different isotopes of elements; for example, radioactive isotopes can be used to trace the location of molecules.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, how does Atticus attempt to fix the problems he sees in Maycomb?

Even though Atticus is from one of Maycomb's oldest and most important families, he refuses to follow the example of prejudice and intolerance that most of Maycomb exhibits. In Maycomb, Atticus sees citizens who are often unable to tolerate each other and who treat each other with disdain. Atticus attempts to change things in Maycomb by being an example of how all people should treat each other. It is in the way he lives his life, that Atticus attempts to be a catalyst of change in Maycomb.

Although To Kill a Mockingbird is set in a time of racial discontent, the story is also one of good versus evil across all racial boundaries. Atticus, a white lawyer, takes on the defense of a black man accused of raping a white woman, knowing that the majority of the white towns people will persecute him. Despite the possibility of danger to his family, Atticus is steadfast in his defense of the black man. In the face of opposition and danger when the townspeople protest his defense, Atticus provides the town with an example of goodness and integrity.

In "A Rose for Emily," what event clarifies information about the smell that comes from Emily's house?

In William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," the foul smell creates a sense of mystery, which lends itself to the Southern Gothic tradition throughout the story. The smell acts as a topic of debate among the members of Miss Emily's town and allows the reader to gain perspective as to how a person like Miss Emily would have been treated during the time in which the story was written. Although she lets herself go as the story progresses, her community still treats her respectfully, as Emily's family has a privileged tradition in her town. Therefore, as the smell grows more and more potent, rather than directly addressing Miss Emily about it, the community handles the smell with the utmost sensitivity. The final scene in which the narrator investigates Miss Emily's attic after her passing reveals the source of the rancid smell which emanated from her house years prior: Homer Barron's corpse.

Furthermore, throughout the story smell acts as foreshadowing. The first mention of any kind of smell is in the first section when the narrator describes Emily's house as having "smelled of dust and disuse--a close, dank smell" (n.p.). This passage acts as foreshadowing of the smell mentioned in the next section.

Due to repeated complaints from the town regarding the rancid smell coming from Miss Emily's house, four men entered her property to sprinkle lime in the cellar and the outbuildings to discretely and politely take care of it. As the men were leaving, they notice a light come on and a stiff figure sitting in the window. At this point in the story, both the characters and the reader assume the figure to be Miss Emily. However, the smell acts once again as foreshadowing to the final section of the story. 

After Miss Emily passes away, the narrator and other unspecified characters investigate the room upstairs, which had been a vacant mystery for many years. Through the heavy layers of dust, they discover the silver monogrammed men's toiletry set and men's clothing that Miss Emily had purchased earlier in the story. Much to their shock, they also discover the corpse of Homer Barron, who had courted Miss Emily and had gone missing years prior.

This passage confirms that the horrible smell that came from Miss Emily's house as well as the stiff figure that the men saw in the window the night they spread the lime was in fact Homer Barron.

How did events after World War I lead to dictatorship and U.S. neutrality?

The events after World War I helped bring about dictatorships in some European countries and helped push the United States into a position of neutrality. The Versailles Treaty helped lead to the rise of dictators in Europe.

The Versailles Treaty was very harsh in Germany. Germany had to pay $33 billion in reparations to the Allies. This crippled Germany’s economy. Germany also had to accept responsibility for World War I. Because the economy was in such bad shape, this opened the door for a leader like Adolf Hitler to come to power. He said he would improve the economic conditions in Germany and would get revenge for the harsh Versailles Treaty. To many Germans who were struggling, this sounded like wonderful news.

Italy felt it didn’t receive enough land from the Versailles Treaty. Benito Mussolini promised to avenge this injustice. He also talked about restoring Italian pride to the levels that existed during the days of the Roman Empire. He also promised the Italian people jobs and social security.

The United States wanted very little to do with world affairs after World War I. The Nye Committee suggested that one reason why we entered World War I was for our businesses to make money. This contributed to various neutrality laws in the 1930s that restricted our activities that could possibly lead us into war. For example, the Neutrality Act of 1935 prevented us from selling weapons to countries that were at war. The Neutrality Act of 1937 said we could sell nonmilitary supplies to countries at war on a cash and carry basis. We were very concerned that we could get drawn into another conflict if these laws weren’t passed.

The events after World War I impacted the world in several ways.

What comparison can be made between two characters in the novel Buried Onions by Gary Soto?

Buried Onions is Gary Soto's novel about life in the Mexican-American barrio of Fresno, which is the setting of much of Soto's fiction. The novel is told in a first person narrative by Eddie, a young man trying to make his way in a world which, in many ways, seems to be very much against him. Eddie grew up in the barrio but now, as he emerges into adulthood, would like to escape the crime, poverty and violence which pervades the neighborhood. That Eddie wants something better in his life makes it easy to compare him to his antagonist in the novel, the ironically named Angel, who is a gangbanger and a thief who seems quite comfortable perpetuating the life which Eddie believes is a dead end and wishes to get away from.

Eddie and Angel grew up together. As youngsters, they did many of the same things, like petty theft, sniffing glue and attempting to act tough. They hung out at the same playground and have friends and relatives in common. In fact, Eddie's cousin Jesús, who was killed in a nightclub, was Angel's best friend. But, while Angel sustains the life of robbery and drugs, Eddie wants to stay out of trouble and make a decent living. Unfortunately for Eddie, he always seems to be brought back to the life of the barrio.

Throughout the novel, Angel is Eddie's nemesis until, in the story's climax, they fight. Eddie believes that Angel is out to get him because he won't help Angel kill the guy who murdered Jesús. Whether or not Angel was actually stalking Eddie is never revealed, and Soto suggests that it could have just been "chime" (gossip). Nevertheless, after their fight, Eddie knows that he must leave Fresno. He knows that Angel will never stop until one of them is dead. Eddie represents hope in the face of overwhelming odds. He knows there must be something better in life. Angel, on the other hand, knows nothing more than his low-life existence which he seems to enjoy. Unlike Eddie, he is unwilling to change and seek something different. Like many of the other young men in the book such as Junior, Juan and Jesús, Angel will most certainly wind up in prison or dead before his time. As Eddie heads off to the Navy in the book's final pages, Soto suggests that maybe Eddie will really escape the barrio and find a new, more prosperous life.

Caesar made a big mistake by disregarding Calpurnia's dream. State your comments.

Calpurnia's dreams, which are described in Plutarch's "Life of Caesar," were probably the only valid warnings Caesar ever received. The other supernatural phenomena and omens, including the findings of the augurers, were interpreted by superstition and probably had no meaning at all; dreams often give us warnings we fail to heed. What is most interesting about Calpurnia's dream, both as history in Plutarch and as drama in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, is the way in which it shows how the unconscious mind can receive and process information which eludes the conscious mind.

Psychologists have known for many years that there is such a thing as unconscious learning. Calpurnia undoubtedly sensed there was something suspicious about the ways in which many of Caesar's friends and followers were behaving. A number of these men concealed their knowledge of the fate they had in store for Caesar. Calpurnia could have intuitively picked up clues from men's glances, false smiles, body language, and tones of voice which were so subtle she was not even conscious of perceiving them but which her unconscious mind remembered and translated into explicit dreams to sound a warning. No doubt the ancients, including Plutarch, would have viewed these dreams as messages from the gods, but Sigmund Freud, in The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), argued that dreams originate in the depths of the human mind.

Caesar himself is strongly impressed by his wife's vivid dream. In Act II, Scene 2, he tells Decius,

Calpurnia here, my wife, stays me at home;
She dreamt tonight she saw my statue,
Which like a fountain with an hundred spouts,
Did run pure blood, and many lusty Romans
Came smiling and did bathe their hands in it.

It is uncanny how closely Calpurnia's dream is fulfilled in reality when Brutus urges the assassins to cover their hands with Caesar's blood.

What are three ways Fitzgerald criticized the American Dream in The Great Gatsby?

For the purpose of this question, we'll define the American dream as the idea that anyone can start out poor, and rise to become rich through hard, honest labor.

With that definition, here are three criticisms that can be drawn from The Great Gatsby:

1. 
   The American dream does not work for everyone. George Wilson has done hard, honest work for many years since his marriage, but is in the same economic and social class as when he began. He lives in the Valley of Ashes. His wife Myrtle is discontented with their life, and has an affair with a rich man (Tom) to enjoy the good things in life. George finally plans to move out West with Myrtle to get her away from her lover (and to pursue the American dream there?), but she is hit by a car before they can leave. 


2. 
   The rich are not any happier or morally better than the poor. This is seen from the decadent, foolish behavior of the guests at Gatsby's parties; the excruciatingly un-fun party given by Tom and Myrtle at the apartment where he keeps her; and Tom and Daisy's tortured lives.


3. 
   The new rich are not really accepted or admired. Gatsby is an example of a newly rich person. He gives lavish parties, and everyone loves to come to them. Once Gatsby is killed, though, Nick cannot convince any of the former partygoers to attend Gatsby's funeral. They are all too busy with trivial things, or "don't want to get involved." It becomes obvious people attended Gatsby's parties just for the good time they offered, but did not respect Gatsby or consider him one of them. 

What are the main events of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare?

The first important event in the play is the Feast of Lupercal. Cassius talks Brutus into joining a conspiracy against Caesar. Meanwhile, Mark Antony offers Caesar a crown, which he refuses three times. This irritates Casca, Cassius, Brutus, and the others.

The conspirators gather at Brutus’s house. Having talked himself into killing Caesar, Brutus takes control of the group. He overrules Cassius in several decisions, including who should die aside from Caesar. Brutus wants to ensure the conspirators' actions are seen as noble.

Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius.
We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar;
And in the spirit of men there is no blood:
O, that we then could come by Caesar's spirit,
And not dismember Caesar (Act II, Scene 1)! 

Caesar almost doesn’t make it to the senate on the Ides of March. His wife has a seemingly prophetic dream that he is in danger and urges him not to go. This supports the soothsayer’s warning that Caesar should “Beware the Ides of March.” Decius Brutus convinces Caesar the dream means something good, so Caesar agrees to go.

The conspirators gather around Caesar, pretending to have a suit for him. Casca stabs him first, followed by all the others. Brutus is the last person to stab Caesar, and Caesar asks him, “E tu, Brute?” Antony requests an audience with Brutus, and Brutus grants him safe passage. Antony shakes all the conspirators’ bloody hands, and gets permission from Brutus to speak at Caesar’s funeral after Brutus.

Brutus speaks to a welcoming crowd, telling them they are now free of the tyrannical Caesar. Antony then speaks, telling the crowd that the supposedly honorable men murdered Caesar. He shows them Caesar’s will. The angry crowd turns into a violent mob, targeting the conspirators and running them out of town.

Civil war breaks out from there. Antony, Octavius (Caesar’s heir), and Lepidus are on one side; Brutus and Cassius are on the other. Antony’s army leads a proscription to pay for its war, killing enemies or just taking their property.

At Philippi, Octavius and Antony are more successful than Brutus and Cassius. Cassius did not want to go to Philippi, and Brutus even had a visit from Caesar’s ghost about not going. Still, Brutus insisted they go there to fight Antony and Octavius. Cassius commits suicide after mistaking a victory for a defeat. Brutus then commits suicide. Antony says Brutus was the noblest Roman of them all.

How does Angelou capture triumph in "Still I Rise?"

The confidence that the speaker asserts in the face of adversity communicates triumph in "Still I Rise."

The speaker in "Still I Rise" refuses to acquiesce to anything that tries to keep her subservient.  She is confident she will persevere through these negative elements until she achieves victory.  These realities include being "trod" in the dirt, judged through "twisted lies," and intense "hatefulness."  

The refrain of "Still I rise" conveys triumph by meeting this negativity with resolute strength.   She is going to outlast the forces and people that wish to keep her down. She will meet their challenges with an internal confidence, a resolve that will inevitably fuel her triumph.  It is a confidence that holds "hopes springing high."  The closing of the poem enhances this triumph. When Angelou writes she is "Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave," it is clear she believes that she is too proud to fail.  She is "the dream and hope of the slave."  She draws confidence from the suffering of those who preceded her.  Their sacrifice fuels her desire for success.  She is confident that she will take that pain and transform it into victory.  Such intensity underscores the triumph so important to the poem.

Where is the safest place in the City of Ember during a blackout and why?

In the story, the city of Ember has been experiencing blackouts on a more frequent basis. This is a worrying trend for the residents, and everyone is on edge as the blackouts begin to last longer and to become more frequent. The fear is that the generator which powers the city will soon stop working altogether, and the city will be plunged into complete darkness.

The safest place to be during a blackout would be at home. This is evidenced in the story itself. For example, during a week that had five blackouts back to back, people stopped visiting their neighbors. They refrained from stepping out onto the streets and instead relied on messengers to communicate on their behalf. You can read about this in Chapter 12, where Lina found herself carrying thirty-nine messages for her fellow citizens on one particularly frightening day.

Many of the messages sounded similar; people were canceling meetings and making their apologies for not being able to attend events. In short, the citizens of Ember felt much safer at home. Lina noticed that fewer people stood around talking under street lamps. They preferred to be indoors when the blackouts occurred.

In which of the economic systems are centralized governments most likely to provide basic services to citizens?

The economic system in which a centralized government is most likely to provide basic services for its citizens is a command economy.  Of course, governments in many economies that are mainly market economies provide some basic services for their citizens.  However, this does not happen in a true market economy.  In a command economy, the government always provides basic services for its people.

There are three main kinds of economic systems.  The first is a traditional economic system.  In this system, the three fundamental economic questions (what to produce, how to produce it, for whom to produce it) are answered by tradition.  Societies with this sort of economic system often do not have a central government at all.  Even if they do, it does not provide basic services.  Instead, those services are provided in whatever way they have traditionally been provided.  The second type of economy is a market economy.  In this economy, the basic economic questions are answered by market forces—by the choices made by millions of consumers.  In this sort of a system, governments do not intervene in the economy.  Therefore, the government does not provide basic services.

Finally, there is the command economy.  In this economy, the government answers the three fundamental economic questions.  It decides what gets made and who gets those things.  Therefore, it typically produces basic services and delivers them to those of its citizens who it chooses.  Of the three economic systems, then, the command economy is the one in which a centralized government is most likely to provide basic services for its people.

I need help with understanding the judicial branch of the government.

The United States government is divided into three parts:

• Legislative Branch: The legislative branch, or Congress, makes laws.


• Executive Branch: The executive branch carries out or "executes" laws.


• Judicial Branch: The judicial branch interprets and evaluates laws.

The judicial branch of the federal government is comprised of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Its function is to judge whether laws are themselves legal or constitutional. For example, in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court decided that laws establishing separate schools for blacks and whites were, in fact, unconstitutional, and overturned them. 

The federal courts also serve to interpret or clarify laws, where there original meanings may have been unclear. For example, in discussions about capital punishment, the Supreme Court has been called upon to judge whether certain forms of execution or other penal conditions do or do not violate the constitutional prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.

In general, Supreme Court cases are not ones which simply hinge on whether someone did a certain act (whether the butler or the evil son murdered the wealthy father) but rather cases where the constitutionality of applicable laws or their interpretation in is question. 

In Edward Bloor's book Tangerine, why do Paul's parents ignore Erik's cruelty?

The Fishers ignore Erik’s cruelty because Erik is a master manipulator who is easily able to mask his true self when his parents are around him. He quickly morphs into a sweet, innocent boy when the Fishers are around, but he cruelly turns on Paul as soon as they leave the room. It helps that Erik often has lackeys, like Arthur Bauer, do his dirty work, so most of his cruelty cannot be traced directly back to him.

The Fishers also ignore Erik’s cruelty because they are willfully blind. Edward Bloor stresses that the Fishers, particularly Mr. Fisher, are captured by a strange phenomenon, the “Erik Fisher Football Dream.” Mr. Fisher wants Erik to play Division I football and lay the groundwork for a career in the NFL. Mrs. Fisher seems less enthusiastic about this prospect, but willfully supports her husband’s mania. Consequently, anything that might tarnish Erik’s reputation is pushed into the background. Anything that contradicts the Erik Fisher Dream simply does not exist.

Through this characterization of the Fishers, Edward Bloor may be criticizing our society’s tendency to lionize famous athletic stars and forgive them for any transgression, especially compared to a regular person who commits the same crime or has the same moral failing.

What was Brutus speech in Julius Caesar basically saying?

In Act 3, Scene 2 of William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Brutus delivers a speech in prose format to the Roman commonwealth explaining why Caesar had to die.  He begins his speech by asking the crowd to remain quiet until he finishes his explanation, and he asks them to listen carefully to his words so that they can judge for themselves whether or not Brutus acted justly.  The following excerpt is taken from the opening of his speech:

Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear. Believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor that you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge.

Understanding that he has committed a controversial act, Brutus offers an endearing plea to the Roman commonwealth in an effort to appear compassionate to the republic.  He wants to establish from the start that he has acted with the general public’s best interest in mind.  Brutus goes on to say that he genuinely loved Caesar as a dear friend, claiming he rose up against Caesar only because he loved Rome more: “ If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.”  Again, Brutus tries to appeal to the masses by emphasizing Rome as his number one priority.  Therefore, not only is Brutus defending his actions, he is simultaneously strengthening his position as a rising leader. 

Brutus then asks the crowd the rhetorical question of whether they would rather have Caesar alive and die as slaves, or have Caesar dead and live as free men.   Brutus again tries to emphasize that he did not act out of jealousy or anger by honoring Caesar’s bravery as a leader and soldier:  “As he was fortunate, I rejoice at it.  As he was valiant, I honor him.  But, as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honor for his valor, and death for his ambition.” Here, Brutus provides the reason for killing Caesar: his ambition.  Brutus insinuates that if Caesar had continued to live, the Roman public would have been made slaves to an ambitious dictator, for he again poses a rhetorical question asking, “Who is here so base that would be a bondman?” 

Brutus goes on to pose a series of rhetorical questions: “Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak—for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak—for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.” Here, Brutus manipulates his language to suggest that anyone who opposes his actions is an enemy of the republic, which of course leads to the response from the crowd, “None, Brutus, none.” 

Brutus strategically crafts his speech to glorify his actions and vilify anyone who opposes him.  This not only protects him from prosecution, it bolsters his position as a seemingly fair, just leader to assume control in Caesar’s absence.  This is supported by his proclamation that Caesar’s honor and glory will be forever remembered and that he, Brutus, has not exaggerated the circumstances of the murder: “The question of his death is enrolled in the Capitol. His glory not extenuated wherein he was worthy, nor his offenses enforced for which he suffered death.” 

At this point in the speech, Mark Antony enters with the body of Caesar, and Brutus announces that Antony, along with the public, will all receive “a place in the commonwealth.”  This is again another effort to persuade the public to Brutus’ side, and Brutus even states that if he ever acts with the same greed and ambition of Caesar, that he will kill himself for the good of Rome: “With this I depart: that, as I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself when it shall please my country to need my death.”

Brutus does an excellent job of defending his actions by appealing to the safety and freedom of the general public.  He claims to the crowd that if Caesar had continued to live, that they would all have been made slaves, and that he, Brutus, loved Rome so dearly, that he had to kill his best friend to protect and defend the rights of his people.  In summary, Brutus’ speech states that he killed Caesar for Rome, not for his own personal gain. 

`f(x) = ln(sinhx)` Find the derivative of the function

`f(x)=ln(sinh(x))`

Take note that the derivative formula of natural logarithm is

• 
  `d/dx[ln(u)]=1/u*(du)/dx`

Applying this formula, the derivative of the function will be

`f'(x)=d/dx[ln(sinh(x))]`

`f'(x)=1/(sinh(x))* d/dx[sinh(x)]`

To take the derivative of hyperbolic sine, apply the formula

• 
  `d/dx[sinh(u)] =cosh(u)*(du)/dx`

So f'(x) will become

`f'(x) =1/(sinh(x))* cosh(x)* d/dx(x)`

`f'(x)=1/(sinh(x))* cosh(x)*1`

`f'(x)= cosh(x)/sinh(x)`

Since the ratio of hyperbolic cosine to hyperbolic sine is equal to hyperbolic cotangent, the f'(x) will simplify to

`f'(x) =coth(x)`

Therefore, the derivative of the given function is `f'(x)=coth(x)` .

In 1984 by George Orwell, when Winston helps the girl with dark hair up, we are told that there is a "frightened" look in her eyes. What do we...

In Part One, Chapter Nine, of 1984, Winston encounters the girl with dark hair and later reflects that she had looked "frightened out of her wits" at that time. This girl, later introduced as Julia, is not frightened because she is scared of Winston or because she is nervous about declaring her love to him (as she does via a handwritten note). In truth, she is frightened because in the moment before she handed Winston the note, she tripped and fell over, directly in view of a telescreen. As such, there is a very real possibility that Big Brother was watching and that he saw the note in her hand. Winston realises this later:

Whichever way you turned, the telescreen faced you.

As Party members, Winston and Julia are not allowed to have a relationship. In Oceania, all relationships must be sanctioned by the Party and sex for anything other than procreation is not allowed. Both Winston and Julia know that breaking this rule is perilous: if caught, they might be imprisoned and placed in a labour camp or even shot and killed. This explains the terror in Julia's face at the moment she fell down.  

What are all of the settings in the book Hoot?

Listing all of the settings is going to be a bit tough. There might be some really minor locations that a reader might consider a setting that other readers would not consider a setting location. For example, at one point in the book, Roy is riding in a school bus. I would like to focus on the main settings of the book.

The broad setting is Coconut Grove, Florida. The story then takes place within smaller, more specific locations within that city. Roy goes to school at Trace Middle School. His home is also a setting location throughout the book. A nearby forest is another location, and this is where Mullet Fingers lives. A fourth and final main location is the construction site where the new pancake house-style restaurant is being built.

What did you learn about Brian from his dreams and memories in Hatchet by Gary Paulsen?

From Brian’s dreams and memories, we learn he is overwhelmed with guilt about his mother’s affair.

Brian does not fully understand what is happening to his family. It is difficult to comprehend why his mother would have an affair. He just knows it is a secret and it is tearing him apart. The secret is so traumatic to him that, despite being stranded in the wilderness, he keeps dwelling on it. 

No, not secrets so much as just the Secret. What he knew and had not told anybody, what he knew about his mother that had caused the divorce, what he knew, what he knew — the Secret (Chapter 1). 

Brian often dreams of his mother and the Secret. He saw his mother kissing a blond man who was not his father. It is because of this that his parents are getting divorced. He does not tell them what he knows. 

Brian has vivid, recurring flashbacks of these memories. He was at the mall on his bike with his friend Terry. He saw his mother and a strange man in a car. 

Brian remembered everything in incredible detail. Remembered the time on the bank clock in the mall, flashing 3:31, then the temperature, 82, and the date. All the numbers were part of the memory, all of his life was part of the memory (Chapter 4). 

Although Brian has important things about which to worry, such as how to keep himself alive, he keeps coming back to this memory. Brian feels guilt for having seen it, and for not telling anyone he saw it. When he left his mother, he was not even really able to talk to her. She gave him the hatchet, he got on the plane, and that was it. The entire incident was very awkward for both of them.

What are some adjectives to describe Raymond from Raymond's Run?

Squeaky refers to her older brother, Raymond, as "not quite right," which could probably be referred to as developmental disabled. His disability does not define him, though; he has many other attributes. Another adjective to describe Raymond is imaginative, as he likes to picture himself as a circus performer. He is sometimes messy because he likes to slosh around in the gutter, and these actions mean he is also playful. Sometimes, he is also impulsive, as he likes to dash into the middle of Broadway and scare the pigeons. Raymond can be immature at times, as he still likes to play on the swings. Raymond is also more competitive and athletic than his sister, Squeaky, realizes, as he imitates her and runs the May Day race along with her.

What is Thomas Paine trying to tell the colonists and soldiers in his book, The Crisis?

The Crisis is a series of articles written by Thomas Paine that encourages support for the American Revolution. In his articles, he talks about the difficulty of obtaining freedom. He wants the American people to know that it is worth fighting for something as important as freedom. He reminds the people and the soldiers that this will be a difficult struggle, but a struggle that is worth fighting. He is trying to inspire the American people and soldiers.

He reminds the colonists why we need to fight for freedom. He states that most people would agree that a separation from Great Britain is inevitable. He urges the American people to make this separation in their time so their children can have freedom and peace.

He speaks negatively about the British and those who support them. He urges people to support our leaders, at times suggesting that G-d is on our side. He also tells the people to be wary of those Americans who support the British. He is very critical of the British generals.

Thomas Paine wants the American people to know we are fighting for the right reasons. The British have treated us poorly, and we are fighting to eliminate that poor treatment.

The Crisis was designed to boost our spirits as well as the spirits of the soldiers fighting the Revolutionary War. One purpose of these articles is to continue to push for people to support our efforts in the Revolutionary War.

What is the theme of the Rudyard Kipling's poem "If"?

While there are several themes in Rudyard Kipling's "If," an overriding theme is the striving for balance on the way to spiritual enlightenment--the Middle Way of Buddism, or the Golden Mean of Aristotle. 

In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Friar Laurence cautions Romeo, 

These violent delights have violent ends,
And in their triumph die, like fire and powder (2.6.9-10)

And, in Kipling's "If" the father advises his son of the same temperance, encouraging his child to strive for the Middle Way. This perfect balance is achieved by restraining from excess:

If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;   

If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim; 

Much as in the Proverbs of the Bible, Kipling makes effective use of parallel structure and repetition, which both serve to reinforce his idea of the need to be able to both ignore doubt and make allowances for doubt. 

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, 

Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies, 

Certainly, too, this repetition and parallel structure enhance the effectiveness as well as the theme of the didactic poem "If." This theme relates to the teaching of Aristotle with the Golden Mean, as well as alluding to a basic teaching of Buddhism with the Middle Way.

What are the differences between Squeaky and Raymond in "Raymond's Run"?

Squeaky is Raymond’s younger sister in “Raymond’s Run” by Toni Cade Bambara. The two characters have many differences in the story.

Raymond is Squeaky’s older brother. He lives with a developmental disability. He needs constant care and direction to ensure his safety in their Harlem neighborhood. Occasionally, he creates a stir with his escapades of running through pigeons and upsetting people in his wake. Other times, Squeaky has to corral him away from the curb for his own safety.

Squeaky is a spunky, spirited young girl with a fiery personality. She takes her role as Raymond’s caregiver seriously, but rarely sees him as a person with potential. She is dedicated to her running, unafraid to fight when defending her brother, and has an inquisitive mind filled with opinions. She is not a “girly” girl, preferring to demonstrate her athletic prowess through her running. In addition, she values the phrase “practice makes perfect.” Because of her attitude, neighborhood interactions, and family responsibilities, she is a bit of a loner.

It is not until the end of the story that Squeaky changes to show a more understanding, accepting side to her personality, This occurs when Raymond completes his unofficial, but successful, run at the May Day race, and Gretchen comes in a close second to Squeaky. The reader sees Squeaky’s attitude change as Raymond shows his innate potential. He is no longer just her responsibility; he is her brother who has the ability to be a great runner. Also, Squeaky sees she can become friends with other girls. Although she may be selective, she thinks there is a possibility of being true friends with Gretchen.

What is the memory that gives Jonas the will to survive in The Giver?

Jonas is sustained by memories of food and sunshine when he is on the run, and the memory of the good times gives him the strength to keep going when he is losing his will. 

Jonas goes on the run when he learns that Gabe is going to be released.   Jonas had been planning to escape with more preparation, but saving Gabe becomes the first priority.  Thus, when Jonas did escape it was with much less of The Giver’s help than originally planned. 

The Giver was to have given Jonas memories of strength to sustain him on the difficult journey.  Jonas has to rely on the ones he has, and share them with Gabe.   He runs out much sooner than he would have, and his strength begins to ebb. 

After running through his store of food memories, Jonas turns to memories of warmth when he hits heavy snow. 

He pressed his hands into Gabriel's back and tried to remember sunshine. For a moment it seemed that nothing came to him, that his power was completely gone. Then flickered suddenly, and he felt tiny tongues of heat begin to creep across and into his frozen feet and legs. (Ch. 23) 

After this memory, Jonas has the will to keep struggling.  Even though the memory was short, it is enough to give him the mental stamina that he needs to push forward.  Jonas is weak and the terrain is treacherous.  However, he needs to think of Gabe as well as himself. 

But his mind was alert now. Warming himself ever so briefly had shaken away the lethargy and resignation and restored his will to survive. He began to walk faster on feet that he could no longer feel. But the hill was treacherously steep; he was impeded by the snow and his own lack of strength. (Ch. 23) 

Jonas reaches the top of the hill, and his mind is flooded with his own memories of good times.  He sees a sled, and feels that the way downhill will be easier.  Unfortunately, things are a little ambiguous here.  Jonas either succumbs to his exhaustion as he loses consciousness, or he is rescued by the people he hears singing.

What does the pacemaker do in the circulatory system?

The circulatory system is made up of the heart and the blood vessels transporting blood to and from the heart. To keep blood circulating continuously within the circulatory system, the heart must continue to pump blood in a synchronised manner without fail.

This is made possible by a natural pacemaker called the sinus node, which sends electrical impulses across the heart muscle to bring about continuous contraction of the heart.

Certain medical conditions may cause the heart to beat too slowly (bradycardia) or disrupt the movement of electrical signals across the heart (heart block). In such circumstances, an artificial pacemaker is fitted to take over the role of the sinus node, the natural pacemaker, by generating electrical impulses to stimulate the heart to contract and bring about a heartbeat.

An artificial pacemaker is a small electrical device with a battery powered electronic circuit called the pulse generator and one or more electrode leads, which correct the abnormal heart rhythms.

How did Henrietta's daughter feel about her mother's cells being used and how did she react ?

When Deborah Lacks, Henrietta's daughter, first found out about her mother's cells being cultured without her mother's permission and then used in research, she was in a state of discomfort and surprise. She wrote in her diary, "I was in shock. Ask, and no one answers me. I was brought up to be quiet, no talking, just listen" (page 195). She imagined her mother feeling alone in the hospital in the segregated black ward as she died, and she thought that her mother had been "robbed of her cells and Johns Hopkins Hospital learned of those cells and kept it to themselfs [sic]" (page 196). Deborah used the word "robbed" several times in the journal she kept to express the idea that her mother's cells had been taken without her consent and that the knowledge of the HeLa cell line created from her mother's cells had been kept from her family for over 20 years. Skloot writes, the "HeLa research terrified her" (page 196). Deborah didn't understand how her mother's cells had been used in research over the years, and she hated that journalists called her mother "Helen Lane," which they thought was Henrietta's real life.

As time went on, Deborah came to trust the author, Rebecca Skloot, and to discover more about her mother and her sister, who died years before in an institution for children with disabilities. She also went with Skloot to see HeLa cells. As Deborah read over her mother's medical records and learned more about her mother and her sister, she maintained her anger at Johns Hopkins for harvesting her mother's cells without telling her mother. She wrote, "mad yes I am mad...Johns Hopkins Hospital and all other places, that has my mother cells, don't give her Nothing" (page 280).  She felt that Johns Hopkins had never repaid what Henrietta had given them and the larger scientific community. 

What is the relationship between dissolved oxygen content and fish populations in the body of water?

Dissolved oxygen represents the oxygen gas that is dissolved in water. Fish and other aquatic species need this oxygen for their survival. Fish have specific organs for this purpose. 

From the given data, we can see that dissolved oxygen (DO) is necessary for fish. At 0 ppm DO concentration, there are no fish. In fact, even at 2 ppm DO level, there is only 1 fish. The fish population starts increasing beyond a DO level of 4 ppm, reaching a maximum value of 15 at 12 ppm DO. There is an increasing trend in the fish population up to a DO value of 12 ppm; then it falls and then rises again. 

In general, DO is necessary for fish survival and a minimum value of about 6 ppm is required for a significant fish population. 

Hope this helps. 

What are some examples of dramatic irony when Bruno meets Shmuel in The Boy In the Striped Pajamas by John Boyne?

Dramatic irony is found in a novel when the reader knows something that a character does not know.  In this case, there are many examples of dramatic irony found in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas and especially in reference to the character of nine-year-old Bruno when he meets Shmuel. First, Bruno notices something that gives the book its title:  the boy on the other side of the fence is wearing “striped pajamas.”  This is dramatic irony because the reader knows that these are not “striped pajamas,” but the uniform given to concentration camp prisoners.  Next, Bruno makes the assumption that all of these people are working on some kind of “farm.”  This is dramatic irony because the reader knows this is not a “farm,” but the Auschwitz concentration camp where people are held and overworked against their will.  A final interesting thing to note about the first meeting of Bruno and Shmuel is Shmuel’s condition:  bare feet, pale skin, dirty clothes, and sad eyes.  This is dramatic irony because the reader knows Shmuel’s condition is not due to chosen farm work, but instead from the horrid conditions within the Nazi death camp.