How is Juliet guilty of causing the many deaths in Shakespeare's tragic Romeo and Juliet?

Juliet is more innocent than nearly any of the characters in Romeo and Juliet. Romeo kills two men, Tybalt incites Romeo by killing Mercutio, and Mercutio starts the fight with Tybalt. Lord Capulet and Lord Montague perpetuate the feud, and Friar Lawrence’s plan completely falls apart. Juliet only stabs herself.

Of course, Juliet’s passion for Romeo drives the plot forward and contributes to the tragic conclusion. She is supposed to marry Paris, a man of her father’s choosing, but she falls in love with Romeo. Finding out that he is a Montague does not dull her love: “My only love sprung from my only hate! / Too early seen unknown, and known too late!”

Two adults know about their relationship: Romeo tells Friar Lawrence and Juliet informs her nurse. Juliet speaks to both, and both the friar and the nurse approve of and arrange their marriage. When Romeo kills Tybalt and is banished, Juliet mourns for her cousin and her husband. However, she still refuses to marry Paris.

At the friar’s behest, Juliet pretends to die by drinking a potion. Because the nurse suggests Juliet finally relent and marry Paris, she does not let the nurse in on her plans. Romeo then slays Paris who stands by Juliet’s tomb. Juliet wakes to find Romeo’s dead body, and thus kills herself. Her existence as an object of love, her adoration of Romeo, and her feigned death contribute to the deaths of herself and Paris. Otherwise, she is hardly guilty of contributing to the other murders.

What is Tom working on in "Contents of a Daed Man's Pockets"?

When the story begins, Tom is at home, working on a project for his job at the grocery store. We can tell that he's eager to do this work well, but that he feels a lot of pressure and keeps getting distracted. (Most of us can identify with that, right? We start to get stressed and to procrastinate when the task we're working on is both difficult and important!)

Here's something Tom says to his wife, which reveals that the project he's working on could potentially bring him success, recognition, and more money at work:

"You won't mind though, will you, when the money comes rolling in and I'm known as the Boy Wizard of Wholesale Groceries?"

As the story continues, readers learn that Tom has been researching a better, more profitable way to display groceries within the store. We figure this out just after Tom's most important page of notes and data gets lifted up by the breeze and flies out the open window.

Here are the details from the story that explain how Tom did his research:

On four long Saturday afternoons he had stood in supermarkets counting the people who passed certain displays, and the results were scribbled on that yellow sheet. From stacks of trade publications, gone over page by page in snatched half-hours at work and during evenings at home, he had copied facts, quotations, and figures onto that sheet. And he had carried it with him to the Public Library on Fifth Avenue, where he'd spent a dozen lunch hours and early evenings adding more. All were needed to support and lend authority to his idea for a new grocery-store display method; without them his idea was a mere opinion. And there they all lay in his own improvised shorthand--countless hours of work--out there on the ledge.

These details reveal that Tom wasn't simply coming up with a good idea to try restructuring groceries in the store so that people will spend more money: he was also finding the data that would support his idea, which would show his bosses at work that he's really considered the method from a serious, analytical, systematic point of view. His project might sound dull to us, but to Tom, it fills him with excitement and hope. So we can understand that when his notes fly out the window, he's desperate to get them back.

Why does Dee want the quilts?

Dee has formed a new identity. She has embraced her African heritage and has relinquished her African-American identity and the life she knew with her mother and sister, Maggie. Named for her Grandma Dee but now called Wangero, Dee has parted with her family name as well. For better or worse, Dee (Wangero) has moved on from her old life. Therefore, she now views things from her old life as trinkets or antiques. She asks for the butter churn, intending to display it as a centerpiece for a table. She also wants the quilts stitched by hand rather than the quilts done by a machine. This makes it seem like she understands the sentimental quality of the quilts as well as the craftsmanship. However, she only appreciates the latter. And instead of intending to use them for "everyday use," as they were intended, she means to display them like pieces of art. This is less of an homage to her family heritage and more like a quaint display of what Dee thinks is an old-fashioned, obsolete way of life. There is nothing wrong with Dee moving on and embracing her African heritage and modern ways. But she does so in a superficial way and by forsaking her family heritage.

How can I come up with a good and catchy title for my persuasive essay about why homework is stressful?

To create catchy titles, it’s helpful to write down every word you can think of that relates to your topic.  Use a dictionary or a thesaurus to think of even more words that are somewhat similar to those you already have. “Homework” and “Assignment” may be close enough synonyms for either one to be used as your main title word. What other words do you consider good matches for “stressful”? Make a list, either on paper or in a word document. Then study the words and see if any patterns emerge or if any words work particularly well together.

Alliteration often makes a title more memorable. By using this tactic, we can come up with options like: “Anxious Over Assignments” ; “Allergic to Assignments” ; “Homework Hang-Ups” ; “The Horrors of Homework” ; or “Why Homework Hurts.” Another tactic is to be as outrageous as possible to get attention. Yet another is to twist or adapt a common phrase or sentence that everyone knows. If you’re still stuck after considering a page filled with possibilities, walk away and let it sit for an hour or two, or even a day, if you have the time. Then you can come back and look at your options again with a fresh eye. Good luck!

What is Tybalt's role in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet?

Tybalt represents the ongoing feud between the houses of Capulet and Montague. He is indirectly responsible for the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet. He tries to provoke a quarrel with Romeo because he feels outraged at Romeo's party-crashing in Act I, Scene 5. When Romeo refuses to fight because he is now married to Juliet and wants harmony with the entire Capulet family, Romeo's friend Mercutio challenges Tybalt and is mortally wounded. Mercutio is an easy-going man as a rule, but he believes in defending Romeo's honor, and the honor of the Montague family, including his own honor, is compromised by Romeo's refusal to fight. So this endless feud between the two houses is still very much alive. Romeo is so angered by Tybalt's slaying of his good friend Mercutio that he challenges Tybalt to a sword fight and kills him. This leads to Romeo being banished from Verona by the Prince. The well-meaning Friar Laurence is also indirectly responsible for the tragic outcome of the story. His letter does not reach Romeo, who returns to Verona from Mantua thinking Juliet is dead. Romeo commits suicide, and then Juliet kills herself when she wakes up and finds her husband dead. The hot-tempered and impetuous Tybalt triggered the deaths of the "star-crossed lovers" with his belligerence. Without Tybalt, it is possible that Romeo and Juliet would have brought peace between their families through their love and marriage.

In Animal Farm, why is 'Beasts of England' abolished? In what way is the new anthem different from it? Why do the animals feel let down by it?

"Beasts of England" has unified and inspired the animals since before the Rebellion, but Napoleon abolishes it by decree. He has Squealer, his main propagandist, explain that the song is no longer needed because the dreams and ideals of the Rebellion that it expresses have already been achieved. The execution of the traitor animals earlier in the day completed the Rebellion, says Squealer. 

In fact, the song has become a threat to Napoleon's tyranny. The animals, not knowing how else to express their grief and disagreement with the execution, sing the song three times after the execution of the so-called traitor animals. It is a song of opposition and comfort that Napoleon wants stomped out, so he forbids it. Lyrics of "Beast of England," with five (one repeats, so there are six total) developed and different stanzas are full of imagery envisioning a better future. Here is one example:

Soon or late the day is coming, Tyrant Man shall be o’erthrown, And the fruitful fields of England Shall be trod by beasts alone.

Minimus's new anthem is much shorter, much simpler, and less filled with visions of a new order. It goes as follows: "Animal Farm, Animal Farm, Never through me shalt thou come to harm!"

The animals feel that neither the words nor the tune "come up to" the old "Beasts of England." They can't articulate exactly why, but a comparison of the rich, complex imagery and ideas of "Beasts of England," with its vision of a better, fairer, juster future for animals with the dull piece by Minimus shows that the second song does little to inspire or comfort the animals. This expresses a theme dear to Orwell's heart, that the dumbing down of language dumbs down thought and allows tyranny to flourish.

`int 2 / sqrt(-x^2+4x) dx` Find or evaluate the integral by completing the square

To evaluate the given integral:` int 2/sqrt(-x^2+4x)dx` , we  may apply the basic integration property: `int c*f(x)dx= c int f(x)dx` .

The integral becomes:

`2 int dx/sqrt(-x^2+4x)`

We complete the square for the expression `(-x^2+4x)` .

Completing the square:

For the first step, factor out (-1): `(-x^2+4x) = (-1)(x^2-4x) or -(x^2-4x)`

The `x^2 -4x ` or `x^-4x+0` resembles the `ax^2+bx+c ` where:

`a=1` , `b =-4` and `c=0` .

To complete the square, we add and subtract `(-b/(2a))^2` .

Using `a=1` and `b=-4` , we get:

`(-b/(2a))^2 =(-(-4)/(2(1)))^2`

              `=(4/2)^2`

              ` = 2^2`

              `=4`

Add and subtract 4 inside the` (x^2-4x)` :

`-(x^2-4x+4 -4)`

Distribute the negative sign on -4 to rewrite it as:

`-(x^2-4x+4) +4`

Factor the perfect square trinomial: `x^2-4x+4 = (x-2)^2` .

`-(x-2)^2 +4`

For the original problem, we let: `-x^2+4x=-(x-2)^2 +4` :

`2 int dx/sqrt(-x^2+4x)=2 int dx/sqrt(-(x-2)^2+4)`

It can also be rewritten as:

`2 int dx/sqrt(-(x-2)^2 +2^2) =2 int dx/sqrt(2^2 -(x-2)^2)`

The integral part resembles the integral formula:

`int (du)/sqrt(a^2-u^2) = arcsin(u/a)+C` .

Applying the formula, we get:

`2 int dx/sqrt(2^2 -(x-2)^2) =2 *(arcsin (x-2)/2) +C`

 Then the indefinite integral :

`int 2/sqrt(-x^2+4x)dx = 2arcsin((x-2)/2)+C`

In "The Cask of Amontillado," how did Edgar Allan Poe use Montresor’s revenge on Fortunato to evoke the idea of death?

Montresor plans to exact his revenge on Fortunato by killing him, so that certainly involves the idea of death. Montresor feels he has been injured too many times by his proud nemesis, so he comes up with an idea to use Fortunato's pride against him. Montresor lures Fortunato to his family's catacombs with the promise of a cask of special Spanish wine (which Fortunato will naturally anticipate is not real; he will go with Montresor to insult him when the wine turns out to be an imitation). All the while, the niter affects his breathing, making it more and more labored, and Montresor keeps plying him with wine so Forunato becomes more intoxicated. When they finally arrive at the furthest reaches of the catacombs, Montresor chains Fortunato into a recess in the wall and slowly bricks him in, burying him alive so he suffocates or starves and dies alone, with the knowledge that his pride led to his death.

Explain the role fate plays in Romeo and Juliet and how it affects the course of action and characters' lives.

In many ways, fate seems to be the driving force in the play.  It is even referenced in the Prologue; after the Chorus describes the feud between the Capulets and Montagues, they say, "From forth the fatal loins of these two foes / A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life" (lines 5-6).  Thus, there was even something fateful ("fatal") in the births of Romeo and Juliet, and they are "star-crossed," or impeded by fate through the destructive influence of the stars.  Even from their births, then, they were destined to die; their relationship could be nothing but "misadventured" or unlucky (7).  

Later, when Romeo's friends are trying to convince him to go with them to crash the Capulets' party, he says that he fears some events that have not unfolded yet, and that -- by going to that party -- he will set into motion these events which will eventually "expire the term / Of a despised life closed in [his] breast / By some vile forfeit of untimely death" (1.4.116-118).  Romeo has a kind of premonition that going to Lord Capulet's home will be the action that initiates some consequences that will absolutely result in his own death.  However, he doesn't seem to think that he has much choice in the matter, as he says, "But he that hath the steerage of my course / Direct my sail" (1.4.119-120).  He does not feel that he actually controls his own life, as he feels compelled to take this action regardless of the fact that it will lead to his destruction.  

Even the way Romeo and Juliet compare one another to celestial bodies seems ill-fated.  He compares her to the sun when he sees her on her balcony, and she asks for him to be cut into little stars and placed in the sky after he dies.  

Calculate the power required to do 43,750 joules of work in 40 minutes.

Hello!

This is simple question, because by definition power is work over time, or in another words the speed of making work. Or the quantity of work which is done during 1 second.

So `P=A/t,` where `A` is for work, `t` is for time and `P` is for power. `A` and `t` are given, so the only thing we have to do is to divide, but we have to take units of measure into account.

The unit for power is called Watt (W). It is Joule / second, not minute. To work with joules and obtain watts correctly, we have to convert the given time to seconds. It is simple, too, 40 minutes = 40*60 seconds = 2400 seconds.

Finally, `P=A/t=43750/2400=approximately 18.23 W.`

This is the answer.

When a great force is applied to an object, what happens?

When a large force is applied to an object, it will accelerate according to Newton's second law of motion:

F = m x a

Thus, an applied force of F newtons will cause an object of mass m kg to move with an acceleration of a m/s^2. 

If the object was already moving, the direction of force will dictate whether the object accelerates or decelerates (negative acceleration). For example, if a car is moving and we apply large force in the opposite direction, the car will stop or slow. However, if the force was applied in the same direction as the motion, the car will accelerate.

Also, there may be cases when the force will not result in any motion at all. Imagine pushing against a wall or pushing a book down on a table. In these cases, neither the wall nor the book will move, but depending on the magnitude of force, you may end up breaking the wall or the table.

Hope this helps. 

A car travelling at 22.4m/s skids to stop in 2.50s. Determine the skidding distance of the car and its uniform acceleration.

Hello!

The acceleration (actually, deceleration) of a car is assumed to be constant. This is more or less correct because of Newton's Second law, `a = F/m,` and the breaking force `F` is more or less constant.

Denote the magnitude of acceleration as `a` (a positive number). Also denote the initial speed as `V_0` and the time of a stop as `t_1.`

The speed `V` changes uniformly with a time, the formula is obviously `V(t) = V_0 - a t.`  The time `t_1` when a car is stopped is that moment when `V(t_1) = 0,` i.e. `V_0 = a t_1` and `a = V_0/t_1 = 22.4 / 2.50 = 8.96 (m/s^2).`

The distance `D` after the skidding begins is `D(t) = V_0 t - (a t^2)/2,` so the total skidding distance is `D(t_1) = V_0 t_1 - (V_0/t_1 *t_1^2)/2 = (V_0 t_1)/2 = 28 (m).`

So the answers: the skidding distance is 28 m and the uniform acceleration is 8.96 `m/s^2.`

In chapter 5 of Tuck Everlasting, what details are missing from the chapter?

I suppose a reader could list out a large number of details that are missing from chapter five.  A lot would depend on how obscure of a detail that a person is looking for.  For example, chapter five tells readers that "Winnie woke early next morning."  The text then goes on to say that the sun was just rising.  That's a good enough description for me, but precisely what time it is has been left out.  

Another simple detail that has been left out is Jesse Tuck's eye color.  The description of him is very detailed.  The paragraph about his looks is the second longest paragraph in the chapter.  Readers learn about his build, his curly hair and its color, the state of his clothes, and even the fact that he is holding a twig between his toes.  Jesse's eye color is not mentioned, which strikes me as odd, because eye color is a fairly standard detail that authors typically give about characters.  

One final missing detail from this chapter that I found unnerving during my first reading of this book is the fact that Jesse knows who Winnie's family is.  

"It's my wood," said Winnie, surprised by the question. "I can come here whenever I want to. At least, I was never here before, but I could have come, any time."

"Oh," said the boy, relaxing a little. "You're one of the Fosters, then."

The fact that Jesse knows about her family, and she doesn't know about him, doesn't bother her at all.  That's odd, if you ask me.  I would be immediately wary of somebody that I've never met that knows about me, my family, and what we do and do not own.  The detail missing from this chapter is any kind of information about why Jesse Tuck would know this information.  

What did Robert the Bruce Do?

Robert I, the Bruce (1274-1329), was the King of Scotland who defeated the larger and more powerful English forces under King Edward II at Bannockburn in 1314. His victory ensured the freedom of the Scots. The English had begun to try to establish dominance over Scotland under Edward I. In the 1290s, the throne of Scotland was contested between John Balliol, the English choice, and Robert Bruce. In exchange for supporting Balliol, Edward I demanded that he, Edward, have judicial superiority over the King of Scotland and that Scotland help him pay the costs of defending their land. Balliol refused, and Edward launched attacks against Scotland in retaliation. The Scots were defeated by the English in 1296. William Wallace, a Scottish knight, fought back, but in the wake of his early victories, the English became more determined to control Scotland. In 1306, Robert the Bruce declared himself King of Scotland, and he went on to win a number of military victories, including his important victory at Bannockburn in which he defeated the better defended English troops. This victory wrested Scotland from English control, and in 1328, a peace treaty with the English recognized Scotland as an independent nation. 

What is the climax of the story "The Most Dangerous Game"?

The climax in the plot of a short story is the highest point of interest. In other words, the reader should be at a point in the story where suspense has built up to an inevitable crisis. In Richard Connell's short story the climax is when Rainsford decides to jump into the ocean in order to avoid General Zaroff, who will most certainly kill Rainsford if he catches him. After trying every hunting trick he knows, including the Malay man-catcher and Burmese tiger pit, Rainsford finds himself on the edge of a cliff across from Zaroff's chateau. The general is being led by his pack of dogs toward Rainsford when the American leaps:

Twenty feet below him the sea rumbled and hissed. Rainsford hesitated. He heard the hounds. The he leaped far out into the sea....

Connell uses an ellipsis here to indicate that it is unknown whether Rainsford survives the jump or not. The falling action, which follows the climax, involves Zaroff going back to his chateau, dining and reading. When he goes to bed he discovers Rainsford, who has survived the swim (foreshadowed earlier in the story when Rainsford falls off his yacht and swims to the island), in his bedroom. They fight and, in the resolution of the conflict between the two men, Rainsford kills the general and sleeps in his bed.

Some might argue that the climax actually occurs when Rainsford reappears in Zaroff's bedroom; though there's a case to be made for this interpretation, the fact that the fight itself isn't described in detail leaves the scene reading more like traditional falling action. The reader's anticipation is greatest in the scene where Rainsford jumps off the cliff; thus I would argue that this scene, not the one in which Rainsford reappears, is better identified as the climax.

What literary elements are in this quote from Romeo and Juliet spoken by Paris in Act V, Scene 3? Sweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I...

These words are spoken by Paris at the beginning of Act V, Scene 3. He has come to pay his respects to Juliet by spreading flowers and scented water around Capulet's vault where the girl has been entombed. His words here suggest that Paris truly loved Juliet and that his attempts to marry her were not based solely on economic or social circumstances. 

Paris has just arrived and has sent his page to keep watch for anyone approaching the graveyard. When he steps in front of the vault, he says,

Sweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I strew
O woe, thy canopy is dust and stones!
Which with sweet water nightly I will dew,
Or, wanting that, with tears distilled by moans.
The obsequies that I for thee will keep
Nightly shall be to strew thy grave and weep.

Shakespeare uses a series of metaphors in these words. Paris first compares Juliet to a sweet flower, similar to Lord Capulet's comparison—"Death lies on her like an untimely frost Upon the sweetest flower of all the field" in Act IV, Scene. Then the tomb itself is compared to her bridal bed and the canopy of that bed is now made up of dust and stones. He proclaims that he will water the tomb every night with sweet water, but if he is without that, he will water it with his tears as he cries each night over her death. The naming of Juliet as a sweet flower might also be considered an epithet, a descriptive adjective or phrase used to characterize someone or something.  

How did Darwinism effect immigration in America?

It seems likely that this question is referring to Social Darwinism, as the biological theory of evolution by natural selection did not have much of an effect on immigration. Social Darwinism, on the other hand, took on racial overtones in the United States and elsewhere. The idea that the white race was "fitter" than others influenced many people in the United States who advocated for immigration restrictions. At various points, American nativists proposed quotas or bans on Chinese, Mexican, and Eastern European immigrants. Social Darwinists influenced by racial theories thought that immigrants from certain races would weaken the United States by intermarrying with Americans and undermining American institutions. These racist fears intertwined with typical concerns about the effect immigrants had on the labor market, the influx of radical political beliefs with immigrants, and other issues. By the 1920s, Congress had banned Chinese immigrants more or less outright, placed restrictions on Japanese immigration, and established immigration quotas intended to restrict the influx of allegedly inferior peoples from Eastern and Southern Europe. 

What is the difference between Leonato and Antonio?

Antonio is a minor but amusing character in Much Ado About Nothing. He comes across as hastier and more playful than his brother Leonato. He is the one who first reports Claudio’s interest in Leonato’s daughter Hero. Leonato assumes this is just gossip, but Antonio seems certain of his servant’s ability to spy. He sees no reason not to jump to conclusions, and he turns out to be right about Claudio’s feelings.

At a masked dance, Antonio teases Ursula about his identity, swearing that he is not Antonio, in spite of her continued attempts to call him out. When Leonato grieves at Hero’s slander, Antonio urges him to not take it so hard. They even argue after Antonio accuses him of being childish, Leonato replying, “I will be flesh and blood; / For there was never yet philosopher / That could endure the toothache patiently.”

Antonio suggests turning his anger away from himself and onto those who slandered Hero. Apparently, Antonio expresses grief more outwardly because when Claudio and Don Pedro arrive, he dresses them down and threatens them with violence. They are not intimidated by this much older man, but Antonio doesn’t let that stop him. He calls them, “Boys, apes, braggarts, Jacks, milksops!” and accuses them of having a worse bark than bite. Leonato vainly tries to calm his brother. Leonato and Antonio have a fairly believable sibling relationship, and the two are subtly differentiated as characters.

Is there a sense of justice in Bronte's Jane Eyre? If so, in which parts of the novel is there justice or injustice?

In Brontë's Gothic romance, Jane Eyre, justice is a theme that runs throughout the story.

Jane Eyre, an orphan, lives with her aunt, Mrs. Reed; she is taunted by her cousins, deceitfully blamed by her cousin John for his misbehavior, and treated harshly by her aunt—who unfairly accuses her of having the worst sort of character flaws.

It is not without irony that the reader recognizes justice for Jane—even though her character seeks none. The Gateshead coachman tells Jane of John's fate:

"Why, you see, Miss Eyre...[John's] life has been very wild: these last three years he gave himself up to strange ways, and his death was shocking [...] he ruined his health and his estate...he got into debt and into jail: his mother helped him out twice, but as soon as he was free he returned to his old companions and habits. [...] How he died, God knows!—they say he killed himself."

Eventually, Mrs. Reed comes to express her regret for her behavior toward Jane, on her deathbed.

Well, I have twice done you a wrong which I regret now. One was in breaking the promise which I gave my husband to bring you up as my own child; the other— 

Mrs. Reed has kept a letter from Jane's uncle, hidden from her niece:

I took my revenge: for you to be adopted by your uncle, and placed in a state of ease and comfort, was what I could not endure. I wrote to him; I said I was sorry for his disappointment, but Jane Eyre was dead...

Mrs. Reed's punishment is not in death, but in her realization that all she had done against Jane was wrong. Facing imminent death, she recognizes how much she hated Jane and how much she resented her late husband's care of the child, as well as Mrs. Reed's broken promise. Despite Mrs. Reed's hatred of her niece—alone in the world—Jane not only survived her years at Lowood and made something of herself, but she also now had an uncle who very much wanted to have Jane in his life.

As a young child, Jane is taken from Gateshead, rejected by Mrs. Reed and her children, to the Lowood Institution, a school for poor girls. There, Jane recalls how badly she was treated at the Reed household. Helen, Jane's best friend, points this out to her.

...but how minutely you remember all she has done and said to you! What a singularly deep impression her injustice seems to have made on your heart! 

Helen acknowledges the injustice, but tries to convince Jane to let these feelings go.

At Lowood, the children struggle terribly. They are punished harshly for the smallest infractions. They walk two miles to church during the winter, almost "paralyzed" by the cold, from which they have too little protection. Jane struggles because she is always so hungry: the older girls, also famished, bully food from the younger children. The school's patron, Mr. Brocklehurst, is formidable and cruel. Early in their association, Jane hears him explain his ideologies with regard to raising these young girls, telling Miss Temple:

You are aware that my plan in bringing up these girls is, not to accustom them to habits of luxury and indulgence, but to render them hardy, patient, self-denying.

There is no kindness or philanthropy in Brocklehurst.

Brocklehurst is a clergyman, but his character is anything but Christian. It is only when typhus fever arrives at the school and so many die that the conditions under which the children have lived are finally exposed. For the next eight years, things greatly improve. Mr. Brocklehurst is relegated to treasurer, in which he has no control over, or access to, the girls. There is justice in this as Brocklehurst is removed from his position of oversight—where this man who insisted he was a Christian authority is now unable to do the girls harm. There is justice, too, in Jane's success at becoming not only a good student, but also a young woman of good character. The religious Brocklehurst has insisted that he knew what behaviors a young woman must exhibit to avoid the fiery pits of hell—and that Jane was a failure in this area. Justice is apparent in that Jane proves that Brocklehurst was wrong about her, as she grows to be the model of a godly woman, in direct contrast to Brocklehurst's hateful and misplaced accusations.

Edward tries to marry Jane while his first wife still lives (locked away in madness at the top of Thornfield). Perhaps justly, Edward loses the love of his life when Jane leaves, for she is unable to live in the same house while still loving him. Ultimately, Edward's wife, Bertha, escapes from her room and burns down Thornfield. Ostensibly as a result of Edward's lies, justice of a terrible magnitude is visited upon him. Not only has he lost his home, but also his sight and a hand in the fire. 

There is also, however, a merciful side to this justice. Edward knows why Jane had to leave and has suffered through it. He stayed at Thornfield where Bertha was, rather than running away—leaving England, as Jane had feared. He even attempted to save Bertha when she ran out on the battlements after creating the inferno surrounding her. In this, Edward receives symbolic redemption: a broken man, Edward is rewarded with a second chance—in that Jane loves him despite his broken state. Because he is willing to swallow his ever-present pride, Edward and Jane's love is requited. They had chosen to do the decent thing and live apart: he, in the face of his marriage vow, and both of them by being faithful in their love for one another.

Examples of justice are found throughout Jane Eyre. 

What are examples of Phineas being a true friend to Gene in A Separate Peace?

The definition of friendship can be different for everyone. Most people, however, value friends when they are loyal, which is exactly what Phineas is to Gene. Being loyal isn't one of Gene's strongest qualities, but it is for Phineas. Phineas shows his loyalty to Gene by not talking about him behind his back; he shares and keeps secrets with Gene (44); he also saves Gene from falling out of the jumping tree (32); and, he doesn't believe Gene could do anything mean to him (66). Phineas completely believes in Gene's abilities and he is not out to challenge or change Gene (51). Phineas drags Gene into his athletic games (37) and through minor, mischievous schemes, such as sleeping on the beach when they should have been in their dorm room (47), but overall, as Phineas says, Gene is his best friend (48). 

What does Sam notice about how the garden is set up in Seedfolks?

Sam is a seventy-eight-year-old Jewish man who hires a teenage Puerto Rican boy to plant pumpkins in the community garden on Gibb Street. One Saturday, Sam notices the garden is divided among certain ethnic groups, which is similar to how the neighborhood is separated into enclaves. He saw the black and white people working in separate parts of the garden, while Central American and Asian people had their plots toward the back of the lot. Sam comments that he wasn't surprised to see each group keeping to themselves, speaking their own language, and growing their own specific crops. He compares the garden on Gibb Street to the biblical Garden of Eden and mentions that the same God who made Eden also destroyed the Tower of Babel by dividing people. Sam believes the garden is turning back into Cleveland.

In Ender's Game, how would you describe Ender's launch group in chapter 6 and platoon in chapter 7?

I would describe the members of Ender's launch group as true newbies with leaders emerging who inspire unity.  Chapter 6 is about the launch group's first attempt to try battle without gravity and the boys struggle with how to fight under those conditions.  After lots of floating around, Alai and Ender realize their suits can be frozen.  This helps the two win the battle.  Bernard drifts from leadership while Alai and Ender drift toward leadership.  This unites the launch group.  Unfortunately (or fortunately), Ender is promoted at the end of the chapter.  

I would describe Ender's platoon in chapter seven as divided because of poor leadership.  The platoon leader, Bonzo, tries to have his platoon win battles, but has it out for Ender from the beginning.  Bonzo makes Ender sit on the sidelines where Ender can analyze Bonzo's poor leadership.  Eventually, Ender disobeys an order and shoots enemy soldiers from the sidelines in order to help his platoon.  This allows the platoon to win one particular battle.  The platoon is plagued with the poor leadership of Bonzo; however, this situation helps to prove Ender's potential.

What are some examples of personification in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Act 3, Scenes 1 and 2?

Personification is a literary device that gives human qualities or characteristics to inanimate objects, ideas, animals, or abstractions. It's a popular form of figurative language, and so it should be no surprise that examples of personification abound in Shakespeare's dramatic works. Here are a couple of examples of personification in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Act 3, Scenes 1 and 2:

1. "The moon, methinks, looks with a wat'ry eye;/ And when she weeps, weeps every little flower,/ Lamenting some enforced chastity" (3.1.183-5). In this quote, Titania gives the moon human qualities, describing it as a woman weeping. Furthermore, she suggests that the moon objects to forces that aim to keep her from desired romance. Thus, it's obvious that, in this scene, the fairy queen imagines the moon as a human-like entity. 


2. "Dark night, that from the eye his function takes" (3.2.177). In this short quote, Hermia uses personification twice. The first instance of personification is applied to night, which is given the human ability to steal from someone else. Second, Hermia refers to the human eye as a "he," thus giving the body part a human personality. This idea might be potentially confusing because the eye is part of the human body, and so one might consider it human already. However, even if it is a body part, the eye is not a human being, and so personification is still used in this instance.


3. "Till o'er their brows death-counterfeiting sleep/ With leaden legs and batty wings doth creep" (3.2.364-5). In this quote, Oberon describes the abstract idea of sleep as having the human ability to walk over a person's brows. This is a distinctively human quality, and so even though he also imbues sleep with "batty wings" (something humans don't have), Oberon's quote is still an example of personification.  

Which day does the lottery fall on in Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery"?

The lottery took place on June 27th in the village square. In more populous villages, the lottery took longer to conduct and started two days before the official date. The village in the center of the story only had a population of 300 people, and the lottery took less than two hours to conduct. The people gathered in the square from 10 o’clock in the morning. The children, who were on school break, assembled first. They played around the square, talked about their teachers and books, and made a pile of stones in one corner of the square. Men gathered next, and they talked about farming and taxes. The women were last to assemble. They briefly talked to each other and proceeded to join their husbands in the square.

What happened when Charlie took the Rorschach Test? Why was Charlie so angry?

On March 4th, when Charlie took the Rorschach Test, he was supposed to view the images of the inkblots and freely imagine what he saw in them. But Charlie only saw the inkblots for what they were: blobs of ink. Even when Burt tells him to imagine, to pretend, to look for something there in the card, Charlie can't. He struggles to give a true description of the cards, pointing out how one was "a very nice pictur of ink with pritty points all around the eges," but again, this isn't the response that the psychologist is looking for.

Like ambiguously shaped clouds in which people "see" images of people and animals, the inkblots have enough random, busy shapes on them for people to interpret them as many different things--people, animals, scenes, conflicts, and so on. The idea is that the psychologist will pay attention to what a person thinks he or she sees in the inkblots, which is supposed to provide insight on what that person thinks and feels overall.

As a result of Charlie's inability to properly take this test, he worries that he's failed and that he won't be a candidate for the treatment to increase his intelligence. And while he gets frustrated with himself during the test, and while Burt seems to get almost angry--as evinced when his pencil point breaks--I wouldn't say that Charlie is angry in this situation.

But what this scene does reveal about his character is that perhaps he's already smarter than we expect. By insisting on seeing the inkblots for what they really are, and by failing to imagine scenes and images that are false or skewed, Charlie shows that he's not just honest but scrupulous. This early evidence of his good character foreshadows the upcoming conflicts he has with the men at the bakery as well as the researchers themselves, who are less scrupulous.

What is the falling action of "There Will Come Soft Rains" by Ray Bradbury?

The falling action is the destruction of the house from the fire. 

Falling action is the part of the plot between the climax and the resolution.  The climax is the turning point of the plot, and the resolution is the ending.  In this story, a fire starts.  That is the climax.  The destruction that follows is the falling action. The house is dead in the resolution. 

The story is set in the future.  There has been some kind of apocalyptic event, such as a nuclear bomb blast.  The people that live in the house are all dead.  The house is automated, so it goes on without them as if they were still living in it.  It takes care of every aspect of their lives.  It even lets the dog in, and cleans it up when it dies. 

The house cannot protect itself from the fire.  A tree bough crashes through the kitchen window and a bottle of cleaning solvent falls into the stove. 

The house tried to save itself. Doors sprang tightly shut, but the windows were broken by the heat and the wind blew and sucked upon the fire. 

The house gave ground as the fire in ten billion angry sparks moved with flaming ease from room to room and then up the stairs. 

The destruction of the house is the falling action.  The house definitely would like to be able to put the fire out.  However, it is fighting a losing battle against nature.  The house tries to use sprinklers, and “wall sprays let down showers of mechanical rain.”  However, it is of no use.  The house follows the people in death. 

The house is described as “dying” because it is personified.  It is so alive with all of its technology that it is almost sentient.  However, the house is still not actually alive and it cannot protect itself as nature takes the house back.

What are some passages showing that Atticus believes in racial equality in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, the best moments in which Atticus shows he believes that all races should be treated equally are when he speaks of Calpurnia, especially when he is defending his treatment of Calpurnia to his sister, Alexandra.

One example can be seen in Chapter 14, when Aunt Alexandra expresses her displeasure at Calpurnia having taken the children to her all-black church and at Scout having asked permission to visit Calpurnia in her home. Aunt Alexandra and Atticus get into a quarrel because Alexandra, being racist, feels Calpurnia is a bad influence on the children. She also feels Calpurnia is no longer needed in the household now that she has come to stay herself and begs Atticus to let Calpurnia go. Atticus's response shows he sees Calpurnia as an equal human being, worthy of being respected:

Alexandra, Calpurnia's not leaving this house until she wants to. You may think otherwise, but I couldn't have got along without her all these years. She's a faithful member of this family and you'll simply have to accept things the way they are. (Ch. 14)

The fact that Atticus thinks of Calpurnia as part of his family, not just a servant, shows that he sees her as an equal human being.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Heck says killing the rabid dog is a one shot job and asks Atticus to do it. What does this tell us about Atticus?

Jem and Scout are shocked when Heck Tate hands his rifle to Atticus, asking him to shoot the dog. They are shocked, as perhaps the reader is, because they think of Atticus as "feeble," and even question his "abilities and manliness" (92). He is a wise and good man, but early in the book, we see him as more of a gentle and almost awkward figure who does not assume a particularly commanding figure in his household. So when the children discover that Atticus is a deadly shot with a rifle (indeed, Miss Maudie tells them, he was once known as "One-Shot Finch") they are even more surprised. They have learned something new about their apparently old and feeble father: that he is not only the best shot in Maycomb County, but a decisive, courageous man who can stay cool under pressure. But, as Jem seems to understand as he tells Scout not to tell her schoolmates about the incident, Atticus is also a modest man. Atticus's performance in Tom Robinson's trial and, perhaps more importantly, the way he deals with the consequences of defending a black man charged with the rape of a white woman in the Jim Crow South, will only enhance their admiration for their father. 

Describe the socioeconomic and political environment in the thirteen colonies of New England.

The king of England chartered and appointed governors to the colonies of New England.  Despite the overarching authority established by England's parliamentary monarchy, pilgrims in the colonies did participate in their government without being fully democratic.  The Colonial Legislature was formed through the election of candidates by land owning males.  The Atlantic Ocean was a physical barrier between England and the colonies, giving pilgrims a greater perception of self-governance.  Eventually, in 1774, the colonies realized they had more leverage in negotiations with England if they worked together.  Thus, the Continental Congress was established.

The colonies were a valuable commodity in England's trade; many laws imposed by the king revolved around the colonies' roles as consumers and producers.  The Sugar Act of 1764 was a commodity taxation aimed at generating revenue for England.  The Tea Act of 1773 eliminated competition from the tea market in the colonies. Tea, rather than coffee, was consumed daily in most households. This act generated revenue for an English company called the British East India Tea Company. New England and England struggled to balance each others needs for autonomy and revenue within merchant trade. 

How did the ideas of enlightenment thinkers lead to democratic thought and institutions?

"The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood," wrote John Maynard Keynes in 1936. "Indeed the world is ruled by little else."

Enlightenment philosophy and economic theory had a particularly direct influence on the establishment of democratic government, because several of the Founding Fathers of the United States were quite well-versed in what was at that time absolutely state-of-the-art thought. It is not simply coincidence that the Declaration of Independence and Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations were published the same year; Thomas Jefferson had very likely read some of Smith's earlier work by the time he was writing the Declaration. The Founding Fathers were also heavily influenced by John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and you can see some of this influence even in the wording; Locke's "life, liberty, and property" led directly to Jefferson's "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness".

While it is wrong to lionize the Founding Fathers and treat them as if they were infallible (they assuredly had many flaws, not least their use and endorsement of slavery), there really is something quite remarkable about the founding of the United States, different from almost every other nation that came before. Most countries came about either organically over centuries of people sort of living together and eventually thinking of themselves as the same, or suddenly and violently by the conquering of one group of people by another. The US separated from Britain violently to be sure; but once it had, the nation that was constructed was not made simply to advance the interests of the leaders of the revolution (as most revolutionary governments are, even today). Instead, they literally sat down together and asked the question: "What would be the greatest kind of government?" They argued and debated over this question for years, drawing from the work of the best philosophers and economists in the world to determine the answer. When they had finally reached some sort of consensus as to what the greatest kind of government would be, they made that government. They consciously set out to make the best nation they could, and applied the best knowledge available in order to do so.

This was a turning point in human history. Monarchy, oligarchy and depotism had been essentially the only major forms of government (even what they called "democracy" in ancient times was really aristocracy), but from that point forward began to be replaced by more and more pluralistic and democratic governments. The process is far from complete, of course; but it all started at that moment near the end of the 18th century, and we owe much of its success to the brilliance of Enlightenment thinkers.

Text A Excellent, Distinguished Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen. It gives me a great pleasure to extend to you all a warm welcome on behalf of...

The field of the text is its topic; in this case, the topic is the ceremony to congratulate the seniors who have achieved high results because of their hard work. The mode is both written and oral, as the speech was written but is delivered orally. The text is mainly meant as an oral presentation. With regard to tenor, there are different people involved in giving and listening to the text. The text is likely written by a principal or superintendent in the Ministry of Education. The listeners are other people in the Ministry of Education and other "stakeholders," who are people interested in the outcome of an event or process. Stakeholders in education include teachers, parents, and students who are listening to the speech. Both the speaker and listeners help to create the text when it is read out loud. 

Which line from "The Leap" foreshadows what happens during the storm?

In "The Leap," the following quote foreshadows the storm:

"There came a rumble of electrical energy, drowned out by the sudden roll of drums."

This foreshadows the lightning that strikes the tent when Anna and Harry are performing. Specifically, this bolt of lightning hits the main pole as Harry is poised to catch Anna, causing him to topple forward and fall to the ground. Meanwhile, Anna realises that something is wrong and removes her blindfold so that she can see what is going on. She then changes the direction of her body and "twisted" towards a wire from which she is able to descend to the ground. Despite receiving burns to her hands, Anna saves her own life, though, tragically, she is unable to save the life of her unborn daughter.

In addition, the following line also foreshadows the storm:

"Winds generate instantaneously behind a hill and crash upon you without warning."

Through reference to the "crash," this line can be read as hinting both at the storm and the toppling of the tent as well as at the broken arm which Anna receives as the result of an over-zealous rescuer.

What are examples of verbal irony in Anthem by Ayn Rand?

Verbal irony is when a speaker says something that's the opposite of what is intended. It can be intentional, as when a friend who hates my hat says, "Nice hat!" It can also be intentional on the author's part, but not necessarily on the part of a character.

Verbal irony happens in large and small ways throughout Rand's novel. Some of the common ways are in the language. This is a book about individuality, but early on, the narrator uses the plural pronoun "we," as in "But this is not the only sin upon us. We have committed a greater crime, and for this crime there is no name." To act as an individual but refer to oneself as "we" is ironic.

This sort of irony continues throughout the book. For example, the way the thinker is individualized is in part unequal, but says, "Our name is Equality 7-2521." That's ironic because this narrator isn't an equal.

The verbal irony extends to thematic issues. Early in the book the narrator says, "All men are good and wise. It is only we, Equality 7-2521, we alone who were born with a curse. For we are not like our brothers."

But in Rand's world, it is Equality 7-2521 who is good and wise. Being unlike his brothers is precisely one way he is good and wise. What he calls a curse is a fundamental gift.

For this assignment, I will have to write a screen play or script involving the topic of slavery. Please help me.

Slavery is an incredibly broad topic.  Assuming that your screenplay or script will be focused on slavery in America, you may want to select an aspect of it to focus on.

Slaves were brought to the New World from Africa for hundreds of years before the United States was even established as a country.  You may want to focus your script on the experiences of someone living in slavery.  

Native Africans were captured or sold by their own people to slave traders.  They had to endure terrifying and miserable journeys on slave ships in close quarters as they traveled across the Atlantic.  You could write about this aspect of slavery from the perspective of a Native African being taken from their home.  In this, you could contrast their life in Africa to their new future of being enslaved.

Slaves were bought and sold at slave auctions once they reached America.  This was a frightening process for slaves.  Many times families were split apart when one was sold to a different owner than the others.  Husbands and wives could be separated.  Children might be taken away from their mothers.  You could write about this horrifying time in your script, showing the dramatic emotions that slaves went through as they endured this terrible process.

Once slaves were purchased, they went to work for their owners.  Some worked on large plantations and in fields.  Others worked in homes.  If slaves tried to run away, they might be beaten.  You could write about the experiences of a slave and their working conditions.  You could also focus on how they settled into a new place with new people.

The Underground Railroad played an important role in the lives of some slaves.  The routes and the people along the way provided slaves a way to escape their difficult situations.  You could write about this suspenseful journey in your script.  Often, slaves who escaped were pursued by people or even dogs.  They had to hide in the woods or in the homes of "station masters" (people who helped slaves escape).  "Conductors" (such as the famous Harriet Tubman) helped to guide slaves on their journey.  Wanted posters offered rewards for their return to their master.

When writing your screenplay or script, you can show action through dialogue if you choose.  You may also want to add other details, such as differences in language.  A Native African would probably not speak English, and therefore would face the additional challenges of a language barrier.

I am attaching a few links, which contain a timeline, maps, and other helpful information on slavery.  Good luck!

Why and how did Shakespeare use the sonnet form?

There is more than one form of the sonnet. Shakespeare popularized the English sonnet. It has three quatrains (four-line stanzas) and a rhymed couplet (two-line stanza) at the end. The rhyme scheme is fairly easy: abab, cdcd, efef, gg. The fourteen lines are written in iambic pentameter, a type of meter in which each line has ten syllables and the stress alternates between unstressed and stressed syllables.

This type of sonnet develops an idea in the first twelve lines. The final lines complete the poem, providing a conclusion, a reversal, or perhaps a deepening of the poem's theme.

Why Shakespeare chose this form is a more difficult question to answer because he didn't reveal in notes or letters what his intentions were. Sonnets, in various forms, were already an established style when he began writing his. Shakespeare scholars are divided in their theories, but one idea that is common to read about is that the poems are meant to be read together as a cycle, with many of them addressed to a single person.

My teacher called me ugly today. What should I do?

First, that is not appropriate! Teachers should never insult their students, even if they're frustrated with them. It sounds like you might have a few options for how to handle this situation.

You could try to speak to your teacher one-on-one and let them know that what they said was hurtful and out of line. Unfortunately, there is a power dynamic in place that gives them some authority over you. This can be intimidating and might possibly provoke your teacher to be even harder on you. Of course, it is possible that your teacher regrets what they said and would like to apologize to you. Consider your teacher's average personality-- how do you think the situation would go if you approached them?

Alternately, you could go to your school principal, dean, or counselor and let them know what's happened. There is a possibility that if your teacher has spoken harshly with you, they are speaking harshly with other students. This is a serious issue which creates a hostile environment in the classroom, and no school wants that to be the case. Telling someone who works at your school will help resolve your particular case and possibly prevent it from happening to anyone else.

You might also consider telling your parents or a friend. Having someone who can advocate for you and speak to your principal (or dean, or school counselor) could remove some of the stress from your mind. I think that, at least, you should discuss this situation with someone close to you who can have your back if need be.

I understand that you are worried about the punishment your teacher might receive, and I want to say that it's very honorable of you to consider their feelings even though they've hurt you. If it is of some comfort, your teacher may not be fired from their position but could be reprimanded in other ways. I do not know for sure your school's policy on such matters. Even if your teacher is fired from their position with your school, they could find a job elsewhere. (In many parts of the world, the school year is coming to a close, so perhaps they could find a new job over the summer if they are indeed fired.)

Please remember that you have the option to remain anonymous in this situation. If you choose to speak to your principal in person, you can ask that your name not be used in any discussion of this matter. A friend might be able to speak on your behalf without using your name. Or you could write a letter to your principal explaining the issue and signing it anonymously.

In the book Maniac Magee, in which pen does Jeffrey sleep?

Jeffrey sleeps in the buffalo pen at the zoo.

As Chapter 22 begins, we learn that Jeffrey has been spending his nights with the mother and baby buffalo in their pen at the Elmwood Park Zoo. Each morning, he hops back over the fence to spend the daylight hours finding food; at night, he hops the fence again to nestle in with those animals.

However, despite this workable living arrangement, Jeffrey isn't doing too well. Presumably out of weakness caused by undernourishment, he falls one morning while trying to climb over the fence, remaining there just outside the pen in an unconscious clump until the kind old man Grayson discovers him.

At that point, Jeffrey is thin, scratched, and dirty. The buffalo pen has been a safe place for him, and he's enjoyed bonding with the baby buffalo, but as a result Jeffrey smells awful and desperately needs a bath.

Toward the end of Chapter 22, we find out that he had originally tried to sneak into the deer pen instead of the buffalo pen, which makes sense considering how Jeffrey and Amanda had previously talked about that as a possible place Jeffrey could stay. But as Grayson explains:

"They switched the deer and the buffaloes around last month."

So Jeffrey stays with the buffalo—an interesting choice, one that shows how adaptable Jeffrey is to the ever-changing situation of living as a homeless child.

What is Chapter 20 about in Katherine Paterson's Lyddie?

As Chapter 20 opens, Lyddie is working at the looms and has all of her old strength back. However, the floor is very different now. Diana has left the factory, and Lyddie misses her kind, confident presence. Instead of working with Diana, Lyddie finds herself mentoring Brigid, the Irish girl, as Diana had once mentored her. When she realizes Brigid cannot read, she patiently teaches her first the sounds of the letters and then how to read and write. Their lessons continue after working hours, with Lyddie meeting Brigid in various places. Lyddie never goes to Brigid's house, not because she is afraid to go into the squalid Irish section but because she doesn't want Brigid to "be ashamed of the only home she had."

Lyddie misses her family and feels a weight in her chest over her lost dream of having them all reunited in their old cabin again, but she tries to tell herself it is better to not have to worry about repaying the debt or to be responsible for her siblings. She gets a letter from Charlie telling her that he and Rachel are doing well and urging her to consider Luke Stevens' offer of marriage. Then she receives a letter from the asylum telling her that her mother has passed away. She feels surprisingly little sorrow; in a sense she lost her mother a long time ago.

One day during the fall, Lyddie waits for Brigid to emerge from the factory behind her at quitting time, but Brigid does not appear. Lyddie goes back into the building to look for her and encounters Mr. Marsden, the supervisor, making unwanted advances toward Brigid. Lyddie grabs a bucket of water and turns it upside down on the overseer's head. Lyddie and Brigid then escape from the building; Lyddie finds herself laughing uncontrollably because she remembers the bear that had gotten into their cabin and managed to get the oatmeal pot stuck on its head. 

How would the way you address colleagues at a youth club meeting that you will be chairing differ from how you would speak to your friends during a...

This is simply a matter of adjusting your tone and language choice to cater to your particular audience! Knowing the demographics of your target audience can help you sensitively and effectively convey your argument. 

If you are addressing colleagues at a youth club meeting that you will be chairing, you will want to adopt a formal tone and language to establish your credibility and authority. You will be responsible for leading this team, and will, thus, also be responsible for presenting your ideas and yourself in a trustworthy light. In this situation, you would need to maintain a serious, professional tone, use formal and respectful language, and employ vernacular that is pertinent to your field. You would want to avoid slang, jargon, and humor that could be perceived as impertinent.

If you are talking to your friends during a tea break about teenage pregnancy in your community, you can afford to be much more informal in your tone, language, and approach. Although this is a serious topic, you may adopt a loose, conversational voice. Rather than giving a formal speech, you will find much more success in opening up a dialogue in which everyone participates, shares information, and articulates their opinions. In this instance, you could use slang or jargon as long as it is not inappropriate or disrespectful toward others.

Why was the Battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point?

There are a number of reasons why the Battle of Gettysburg can be (and usually is) seen as a major turning point in the Civil War.

First, we can say that it was a turning point because it removed any thoughts that President Lincoln might have had about making peace with the Confederacy.  The Union had not necessarily been doing very well in the war at this point, and it was possible that Lincoln would have considered a peace treaty.  The vice president of the CSA was, in fact, making his way to Washington during the battle to discuss prisoner exchanges, but he also had the power to discuss peace.  When Lincoln heard of the victory at Gettysburg, he denied the vice president permission to enter the country.  This showed that he had stopped considering the idea of peace with the South.

Second, the battle boosted morale greatly in the North and lowered it in the South.  Up until this point, General Lee had had an aura of invincibility.  He had seemed to win every battle he fought against the Federal army.  In this battle, however, his forces were defeated in an even fight.  This made it clear that he was not invincible.  In the process, it made Northerners much more confident in their eventual victory and made the South feel much less optimistic.

Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the battle ended the South’s hopes of winning the support of European countries.  The battle happened because Lee had invaded the North.  If he had succeeded, many European countries might have recognized the Confederacy, just as France started to support the colonies after the Battle of Saratoga in the Revolutionary War.  Worse yet, some of them might have even given the South military support.  Either of these scenarios could have forced the North to make peace.

For all of these reasons, the Battle of Gettysburg is rightly seen as a major turning point in the American Civil War.

In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, how are the gods seen as charitable in the way they allow certain events to happen?

To be charitable is to be giving. Just as we see in Greek and Roman mythology, the gods in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet are takers much more than they are givers. We can interpret at least a couple of moments in the play, however, as instances when the gods charitably give.

One of those instances concerns Romeo and Juliet's wedding night. Act III, Scene 2, opens with Juliet giving a monologue that can be seen as a prayer of petition to the sun god to allow night to arrive faster. The monologue opens with the following request:

Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steeds,
Towards Phoebus' lodging: such a wagoner
As Phaethon would whip you to the west,
And bring in cloudy night immediately (Act III, Scene 2, lines 1-4)

Phoebus is another name for Apollo, the Greek sun god. He was believed to drive the sun east and west using a golden chariot pulled by white horses. According to the myth, prior to taking this role previously held by his father Helios, Phaeton, Apollo's brother, stole the chariot and drove the sun to set in the west very early one morning. Juliet's allusion to Phaethon relays her eagerness for the setting sun so she can have her wedding night. Since her wedding night certainly does come, albeit at the normal hour, we can loosely interpret Apollo as having charitably granted her petition; at any rate, nothing occurred to prevent Juliet from having her wedding night.

Despite this interpretation, the gods still take far more than they give. Specifically, they take many lives. One example of taking can be seen during Romeo's exile. Romeo opens Act 5, Scene 1, by relaying a dream he had of Juliet kissing him, a dream he feels prophecies their union to come. Soon after, though, Juliet's faked death is announced. Unaware she has not actually died, Romeo feels he has been tricked by the gods and exclaims, "Is it even so? Then I defy you stars" (Act V, Scene 1, line 24)! The word stars can be interpreted as another term for fate, and fate is controlled by the gods. By saying he defies the stars, Romeo is saying he is challenging fate, or the gods, meaning he is not going to accept the fate the gods dealt him; he is going to take matters into his own hands by ending his life with his own hands. Romeo's reaction to the news of Juliet's death shows us how he feels the gods have taken from him, not given to him. In addition, Romeo's sentiment that the gods have taken from him leads to real deaths, showing us the gods truly do take lives.

How does Miss Emily react when the druggist asks her why she is buying poison?

In Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," Miss Emily Grierson is portrayed as a  reminder of a past era of the town's history. She behaves as she was raised, stern and aristocratic, even though her circumstances do not reflect the past greatness of her family. Thus, while she is a target of gossip and speculation on the part of the townspeople, she is also respected, and perhaps a bit feared.

An incident that shows this is her purchase of poison from the druggist. At first, she simply tells the druggist that, "I want some poison." When he presses her for more details, she asks for the best poison that the druggist has, then asks for arsenic by name. The druggist attempts to find out why she wants the poison, but she refuses to answer:

The druggist looked down at her. She looked back at him, erect, her face like a strained flag. "Why, of course," the druggist said. "If that's what you want. But the law requires you to tell what you are going to use it for."

Miss Emily just stared at him, her head tilted back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looked away and went and got the arsenic and wrapped it up.

The druggist's capitulation to Miss Emily's demands is evidence that the townspeople treat her not as a woman of few means, but as the representation of the former aristocracy of the town. They respect and fear her, not just because of the memory of her family, but also because she represents an era that has faded away.

In "The Crisis, Number 1," how does Paine describe these times?

Thomas Paine wrote the first installment of “The Crisis” in December of 1776.  He wrote it very shortly before the Battle of Trenton.  This was a time when things looked very dark for the Patriot cause as morale was very low among the soldiers.  Because things looked so bleak, Paine describes “these times” as very difficult times.  He does this in the first phrase of the pamphlet where he says (in a phrase that is now very famous) “these are the times that try men’s souls.”  At the same time, however, he says it is a hopeful time.

Paine does not spend a great deal of time actually describing the state of affairs in the colonies.  He tries to persuade readers that they should fight for independence.  He talks about the retreat of colonial soldiers to the Delaware.  He talks about what the British might do next.  However, he does not spend a long time describing the situation. 

Overall, Paine does say that these are very difficult times.  That is why they “try men’s souls.”  He acknowledges that things look bad for the Patriots.  However, he also says that people should be optimistic.  He says that he is sure that the colonists can still win.  He tells his readers that

I thank God, that I fear not. I see no real cause for fear. I know our situation well, and can see the way out of it.

In other words, Paine is saying that things are dark but that there is hope.  These times are the times that try men’s souls, but if the people are brave enough and strong enough, they will be able to win the fight and have a future that he describes in the last paragraph of the pamphlet as “glorious.”

Why does "The Monkey's Paw" by W. W. Jacobs begin with the father and son playing chess, and does the father's strategy at the chess game indicate...

In the opening of "The Monkey's Paw," the father plays chess with the belief that the game involves "radical changes," such as those that endanger the king. This action indicates that he takes risks without deliberation or planning ahead for future moves on the part of his opponent.

This same mental attitude is exemplified further in the narrative when the sergeant visits and Mr. White asks his friend,

"What was that you started telling me the other day about a monkey's paw or something, Morris?"
"Nothing," said the soldier, hastily. "Leastways nothing worth hearing."

But, his listener presses the sergeant to tell him. Despite the trepidation of the soldier during his narration, as well as his warnings that this monkey's paw has had a spell cast upon it, and his regret over having made his wishes, Mr. White recklessly asks for the paw. 

"I won't," said his friend doggedly. "I threw it on the fire. If you keep it, don't blame me for what happens."

Nonetheless, Mr. White takes the paw from the fire and asks how to make a wish. Again, the sergeant warns him of the consequences, but Mr. White takes the same "unnecessary peril" that he does as he plays chess. He pulls the talisman from his pocket and he and his wife and son all laugh as the sergeant entreats Mr. White to make a sensible wish if he feels he must make one.

After the soldier departs, the Whites talk among themselves. Herbert discredits all that the sergeant has told them, saying, " we shan't make much out of it." Jokingly, he suggests that his father wish to be an emperor. Mr. White looks at the paw and says that he does not know what to wish for because "It seems to me I've got all I want." Still, when his son suggests he ask for £ 200, the amount needed to "clear the house" (pay their mortgage), the father moves in "a radical change," and makes the wish without considering what could happen that would bring them this £ 200.

What ideas did the Free Soil Party promote?

The Free Soil Party was against the continuation of slavery. It was a political party whose members were originally from the Democratic party. In 1848 at its convention in New York State, members of the Democratic party failed to endorse a ban on slavery in any territories that were won in the Mexican-American war--Texas being one such territory. Some of the members of the Democratic party were opposed to this continuation of slavery and broke away to form the Free Soil Party. One of its members, Martin Van Buren had already served as president from 1837-1841 when the party was formed in 1848. The Free Soil Party was not an abolitionist movement. It was against slavery not because slavery was cruel but because the existence of slavery would undermine the dignity of almost all physical labor that was not slavery.

What is the difference between internal and external conflict? What is an example of internal and external conflict from Al Capone Does My Shirts...

The difference between internal and external conflict is that internal conflict is within the being of the character, whereas external conflict is environmental, meaning it takes place outside the character's own being. An example from the story of internal conflict is Moose's dislike of being on Alcatraz Island. An example of external conflict is Moose's need for time with his parents when they have job and family obligations that take them away from him.

Conflict can be tension, struggle, fighting, contention, battle, or strife. If the conflict is psychological (internal), it is in the mind, emotions, or psyche (soul or spirit) of the character. If the conflict is environmental (external), it is against nature, another person, or any other oppositional, antagonistic force.

The first internal conflict Moose acknowledges is his inner mental and psychological conflict about being on Alcatraz Island. He didn't want to be there. He didn't want to be away form his best friend Pete.

I want to be here like I want poison oak. . . But apparently nobody cares, because now I'm Moose Flanagan, Alcatraz Island Boy [. . . ] "with some swell fellows like Al Capone and Machine Gun Kelly."

The second internal conflict is inner mental and psychological conflict because Moose's sister's needs clash with his own needs, and her needs have to take precedence. It is clear Moose loves and is devoted to Natalie, but he knows meeting her special needs (i.e., her need to be in Esther P. Marinoff school) prevents his parents from meeting his particular needs for a stable school life with unbroken association with his friends and activities.

An important external conflict that helps drive the plot is that Moose wants time with his parents for himself. When the story opens, he hasn't seen his dad for "three months." On the very day he hopes to make up for some of that lost time, Moose learns his dad has to work, is "leaving now," his mother is also leaving to do shopping, and he has to watch over Natalie to keep her safe.

The first two examples are internal conflict because they are conflicts within Moose's own thoughts and feelings. He wants things he can't have because there are more important things the family needs, and he has a hard time adjusting his disappoint so he doesn't feel let down, angry, or resentful.

"I didn't really mean what I said about it not being fair. . . I didn't. You know I didn't."

The third example is external conflict because it is conflict with two other people—Moose's parents. He wants something from them that they can't give because of their own needs that they have to contend with, such as jobs, Natalie's needs, and the family's needs.

`f(t) = arctan(sinht)` Find the derivative of the function

`f(t)=arctan(sinh(t))`

Take note that the derivative formula of arctangent is

• `d/dx[arctan(u)]=1/(1+u^2)*(du)/dx`

Applying this, the derivative of the function will be

`f'(t) = d/(dt)[arctan(sinh(t))]`

`f'(t) = 1/(1+sinh^2(t)) *d/(dt)[sinh(t)]`

Also, the derivative formula of hyperbolic sine is 

• `d/dx[sinh(u)]=cosh(u)*(du)/(dx)`

Applying this, f'(t) will become

`f'(t)= 1/(1+sinh^2(t)) *cosh(t)*d/(dt)(t)`

`f'(t)= 1/(1+sinh^2(t)) *cosh(t)*1`

`f'(t)= cosh(t)/(1+sinh^2(t))`

`f'(t)= cosh(t)/(cosh^2(t))`

`f'(t)= 1/cosh(t)`  is the final derivative

Atticus says if he didn't take Tom's case he couldn't make Jem or Scout mind him. Why not?

In chapter 9, Cecil Jacobs tells Scout at school that her father "defends ni***rs". When Scout asks her father about what Cecil meant by that, he says that some people around town don't believe that he should defend Tom Robinson. Scout wonders why he is doing it if people say he shouldn't. Atticus responds with the following:

"For a number of reasons. . . The main one is, if I didn't I couldn't hold up my head in town, I couldn't represent this county in the legislature, I couldn't even tell you or Jem not to do something. . . because I could never ask you to mind me again" (75-76).

Basically, Atticus is saying that he would be a hypocrite if he didn't take Tom Robinson's case. Atticus would be going against his conscience if he didn't stand up for what he knows is right. He knows that a black man deserves a fair trial just like a white man does. Some people in Maycomb don't believe this because they are prejudiced and racist. Atticus knows how people in Maycomb will go to church and preach "love one another," but then treat black people terribly. Atticus won't be like those people because he knows better and he believes better. Thus, if Atticus didn't take the case, then he would be a hypocrite. According to that line of thinking, Atticus also believes that his children wouldn't have to obey a hypocrite; therefore, they wouldn't have to mind him if he turned into one. He would lose credibility as a father if he were a hypocrite, too. It's tough for children to hear dad teach them to stand up for what is right at home, but then he doesn't go and do the same thing himself.

In The Giver, what does the interaction between Jonas's parents reveal?

Jonas's parents are not like those who fall in love and decide to have children. They are assigned to live together like business partners for the sole purpose of rearing children to follow the rules of the community. After Jonas and his sister Lily are adults, his parents will not continue living together. Based on the information in the text, Jonas's parents are different from each other, because his mother works for the department of justice and seems to value rules and laws above anything else. On the other hand, Jonas's father is a Nurturer because he has the ability to take care of babies with great care and sensitivity.

Even though each parent is different, they work as a team to support both Lily and Jonas as they learn, grow, and develop in the community. They also don't disrespect one another in any way. Unfortunately, Jonas's parents do not understand or feel love. As a result, Jonas does not witness them holding hands, kissing, or showing affections towards one another. One scene that shows a good example of how his parents interact with each other is in chapter 16. Here, Jonas asks his parents if they love him and his father chuckles. He is then reminded of "precision of language" and his mother tells him the word is obsolete. Mother informs him that they "enjoy" him, though.

This conversation about love not only confirms that Jonas's parents are on the same team because they support and agree with one another, but it also proves that they are incapable of feeling deep emotions of love for their children or for each other.

According to Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of independence, what has been the King's attitude toward the laws of the colonies? Why is that...

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson argues that the King of England does not have any respect for the laws of the colonies and does not care about the rights that those laws are meant to protect.  This is an important factor in the decision to declare independence because, Jefferson says, the government is supposed to exist only by the consent of the governed and only in order to protect their rights.

In the final section of the Declaration, Jefferson accuses the king of all sorts of actions that show his disrespect for the colonists’ laws and their rights.  He says that the king has abolished “our most valuable laws.”  He says that the king has “refused his assent” to various laws that the colonies have passed.  He says that the king has closed down colonial legislatures so that they could not make any more laws.  He says the king has done this because his goal is “the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States.”

This attitude on the part of the king is a major reason for declaring independence.  There are two reasons for this.  First, Jefferson says that the people have to be involved in ruling themselves.  He says that governments derive “their just powers from the consent of the governed.”  If the king does not let the colonists govern themselves, his government has no “just powers” and it is legitimate for the colonies to declare independence.  Second, Jefferson says that “governments are instituted among men” in order to protect people’s rights.  If governments do not protect people’s rights, they are illegitimate and should be overthrown.  If the king is trying to establish an absolute tyranny over the colonies, his government clearly does not protect the colonists’ rights.  Because the king does not care about the colonists’ laws and because he wants to trample their rights, it is important for the colonies to become independent.

What is a man vs. self conflict for Katniss in the Catching Fire novel?

Katniss experiences a number of life-altering changes after winning The Hunger Games, as well as trauma from the Games themselves. It is unsurprising that she would have many internal conflicts as a result. 

One of these conflicts involves her contradictory feelings about her new place in District 12. In the first book, she was among the poorest of the poor in her District, nearly dying of hunger when her father died in a mining accident. In Catching Fire, she has become one of the most wealthy people in the District, living in the Victor's Village with her mother and sister and enjoying plenty of food, warmth, etc. Despite having her basic needs amply met for the first time, Katniss is clearly uncomfortable with the arrangement. She is isolated physically from the rest of District 12, but also emotionally as the daily struggle for survival is something most of her fellow citizens still experience. This discomfort is shown when she returns to her old house, longing for a simpler, though more difficult, past. 

Another internal conflict that Katniss struggles with during the novel is her survivor's guilt. This is particularly evidence during the tour of the Districts. Looking into the faces of family members and remembering the children who were killed has a strong effect on her, especially when she visits Rue's District. Though she is, of course, thankful to have won and survived, she feels enormous guilt over many of those who died, particularly Rue.  

Which medications can help to prevent stroke?

A stroke occurs when blockages in blood vessels cut off the flow of oxygen to brain tissue. A stroke may have only minor symptoms, like temporary numbness in a limb, or more severe effects like paralysis. Sometimes, stroke can also rupture blood vessels in the brain, causing a hemorrhage of blood into the cranial cavity. Some factors which can increase a person's likelihood of stroke are high cholesterol (which can cause fatty plaque to build up in blood vessels,) high blood pressure (also called hypertension,) and platelet abnormalities which increase clotting. Medications which treats one or more of these factors can help to prevent stroke-- there is no one medication for preventing stroke.

High cholesterol in the blood may be treated with a number of medications, most of which fall into the category of statin drugs. Statins work by preventing the liver from creating an enzyme needed to produce cholesterol in the body. Medication is not the only option for lowering cholesterol, and should be considered after making efforts to exercise more often and eat a well balanced diet. 

Similarly, there are a variety of drugs used to treat hypertension, or high blood pressure. Diuretics can help to remove excess water and salt from the body, reducing the liquid volume of blood and the pressure required to move it throughout the body. Other kinds of drugs which can be used to treat high blood pressure include vasodilators (which relax the blood vessels,) and beta-blockers (which lower heart rate.) 

Anticoagulants like warfarin or aspirin inhibit the ability of platelets to form a clot. This can be beneficial for people who have narrowed blood vessels due to high cholesterol, or who suffer platelet abnormalities which increase the rate of clotting. People with bleeding conditions like Hemophilia or Von Willebrand's Disease should always avoid taking any sort of anticoagulant or blood-thinning medication, as these can cause fatal side effects.

The best way to prevent a stroke is to take care of your body by eating a well-balanced diet, drinking plenty of water, and exercising regularly. People who are at risk for stroke or who have already suffered one may wish to eat a diet that is low in cholesterol and sodium and perform gentle exercise like walking or calisthenics to strengthen the heart.

Can magnesium tablets be an electrode in a lemon battery?

I do not think magnesium tablets can be used as an electrode in a lemon battery. Magnesium tablets, like other other supplements, contain magnesium in the form of magnesium salts, magnesium acid complexes and other substances (a lot of which are non-metals) compounded to magnesium that would interfere with the oxidation reaction that is harnessed.

Nails, coins and other largely metallic substances have been used as electrodes for the device instead. Different metals such as iron, copper, zinc, lead, and even amalgamated zinc treated with mercury have been used as variations.

`h(x) = 1/4sinh(2x) - x/2` Find the derivative of the function

`h(x) = 1/4sinh(2x) - x/2`

To take the derivative of this function, refer to the following formulas:

• `d/dx(u +-v) = (du)/dx+-(dv)/dx`

• `d/(dx)[sinh(u)]=cosh(u)*(du)/dx`

• `d/dx(cu)=c*(du)/dx`

• `d/dx(cx)=c`

 Applying them, h'(x) will be

`h'(x)=d/dx[1/4sinh(2x) - x/2 ]`

`h'(x)=d/dx [ 1/4sinh(2x)]- d/dx(x/2)`

`h'(x)=1/4d/dx[sinh(2x)] - d/dx(x/2)`

`h'(x)=1/4* cosh(2x)*d/dx(2x) - 1/2`

`h'(x)=1/4*cosh(2x)*2 - 1/2`

`h'(x)=1/2cosh(2x)-1/2`

 Therefore, the derivative of the function is `h'(x) =1/2cosh(2x)-1/2` .

Who was the first African-American elected to the legislature of the U.S.?

The first African-American to enter the legislature of the United States was Hiram Rhodes Revels, a Republican from Mississippi. He entered the chamber of the Senate to take his oath of office in February of 1870. 

Revels was born free in North Carolina, but he lived and worked in Ohio, where he was able to vote before the Civil War. This last fact enabled him to serve as a Senator when racially-motivated Democrats argued that he had not met the nine-year citizenship requirement to hold congressional office because of his ineligibility through the war years. Revels and his Republican allies also prevailed by citing Revels's mixed-race background (his mother was of Scottish descent).

As a Senator, Revels naturally was most concerned about obtaining civil rights for African-Americans. However, he also took a moderate stance on the restoration of citizens' rights such as voting for former Confederates, and he urged radical Republicans to lessen punishments for Civil War rebels. Because of his diplomacy and oratorical skills, the press praised Senator Revels during his term.

Later, when an opportunity arose to become president and instructor of philosophy at Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College, located in Claiborne County, Mississippi, Revels accepted because the education and intellectual development of African-Americans was also an important cause of his. 

Were there any Presidents before George Washington?

This is kind of a tricky question. Most people, when they think of Presidents, think of those people that were elected after the Constitution went into effect. Therefore, most people would say that George Washington was our first President.

However, there was a President under the plan of government created by the Articles of the Confederation. The position of President under the Articles of Confederation was very different from the position of President under the Constitution. The President in the Articles of Confederation had very limited power, unlike the President under the Constitution. The first President under the Articles of Confederation was John Hanson.

However, because there was no executive branch of government under the Articles of Confederation, and also because the position really had no significant power, it is much more accurate to say that George Washington was the first President of the United States. There really is no need to clarify this since almost everybody accepts the idea that George Washington was our first President.

NO CALCULATOR: if x is equal to an unknown number. The square root of y is equal to 2x. Given that z is equal to 1386 and z = 14y, what is x....

x represents an unknown number. `sqrt(y)=2x ` . z=14y and z=1386. We are asked to determine x to three significant figures:

Since z=14y and z=1386 we have 14y=1386. Then `y=1386/14=99 ` .

Now `sqrt(y)=2x ==> sqrt(99)=2x ` .

`3sqrt(11)=2x `

`x=3/2sqrt(11) `

If you know how to extract square roots without a calculator, you will find that `sqrt(11)~~3.317 ` so that `x~~4.98 `

This is a reasonable approximation as 2(4.98)=9.96; 9.96^2=99.2016; and 14(99.2016=1388.8224 which is close to the expected 1386.

What quote in Macbeth supports the idea that it is doubtful Macbeth would have killed anyone without the push given by the witches' prophecies?

After Macbeth hears the two prophecies from the Weird Sisters -- that he will become Thane of Cawdor and then, at some point, king -- he doesn't seem entirely sure about what to think. However, when he is promptly told that Duncan has given him the title of Cawdor, he begins to hope that the greater prediction will come true as well.  To himself, he says, "If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me / Without my stir" (1.4.158-159).  He hopes that he will not have to do anything to become king, just as he did not have to do anything to become Thane of Cawdor. This line makes it seem as though he doesn't desire to do any harm to Duncan and would never have, had it not been for the sisters. 

Further, on the night of the banquet at the Macbeths' house, Macbeth tells his wife,

"We will proceed no further in this business. / He hath honored me of late, and I have bought / Golden opinions from all sorts of people, / Which would be worn now in their newest gloss, / Not cast aside so soon" (1.7.34-38). 

He does not want to go through with the murder because Duncan has recently honored Macbeth with the new title and because Macbeth has recently earned a great deal of respect from so many people.  He does not want to do anything that would tarnish his reputation or undermine the faith others have placed in him.  This also makes it seem as though he would not have killed anyone were it not for the influence of the sisters.

What are the problems caused by non renewable resources and how can we conserve them?

Non-renewable resources are those that cannot be regenerated in a reasonable enough time frame to be reused by human beings. Some examples of non-renewable resources include coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc. Since it takes millions of years for these resources to form, they are in a limited quantity. If our consumption patterns continue, we are likely to run out of them soon. Since our energy requirements are mostly fulfilled by such resources, we will be in trouble. Another, perhaps more significant concern with the use of such resources, is the generation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The increased concentration of these gases in our atmosphere has been correlated to an increase in global temperature, commonly referred to as global warming.

The conservation of these resources is possible by either replacing them, minimizing their consumption and/or using such resources more efficiently. Renewable resources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, etc., can be used to replace non-renewable resources. We can also use more efficient energy generation practices and more efficient devices to minimize the consumption of non-renewable resources.

Hope this helps. 

What happens at the end of Charles Dickens' Great Expectations?

Pip goes to Cairo and Estella marries someone else.

There are two endings of the book.  Charles Dickens was advised by a friend to make the ending a little happier, so he revised it.  However, in both endings Pip and Estella do not get together. 

In the revised ending, we are told that Pip has “no shadow of another parting from her” but this is not an indication that they get together.  The conversation between Pip and Estella indicates that.

“… I have been bent and broken, but—I hope—into a better shape. Be as considerate and good to me as you were, and tell me we are friends.”

“We are friends,” said I, rising and bending over her, as she rose from the bench.

“And will continue friends apart,” said Estella. (Ch. 59)

When Pip returns to Satis house, it is being demolished.  Estella is there overseeing it, and she will build on the site.  After Drummle died, Pip was aware that Estella had married again.

Pip tells Estella that he still lives abroad.  He never married.  Herbert married Clara, and Joe married Biddy.  Joe and Biddy had a son they named Pip.  Pip came back to visit them.

Pip and Estella agree to remain friends.  However, Pip will still live in Cairo and Estella has her own life.  It is a happy ending in that the two of them have settled into life and are doing well enough, even though they cannot be together.

Readers should appreciate that both Pip and Estella are broken psychologically.  They have done as well as could be expected as adults after their difficult childhoods.  An ending where Pip and Estella marry would not make sense.  Estella told Pip she could not love.  Pip loves her, but understands that he can’t have her.  He has to be content with them being friends apart.

Politicians are known to use figurative language in their speeches. Below is an excerpt from former president Thabo Mbeki's resignation speech....

Thabo Mbeki compares the work of political advancement to the Comrades Marathon, South Africa's annual race between the cities of Durban and Pietermaritzburg. It is also the world's oldest and largest ultramarathon race. The spirit of the Comrades Marathon is said to embody virtues such as comradery, perseverence, and ubuntu which, in Bantu, means "humanity toward others."

This comparison to the marathon is helpful because it is one aspect of nationalistic importance around which all South Africans can rally. Everyone can identify with the spirit of competitive sport. The spirit of the race be compared to the spirit of nation-building. Also, the metaphor of a marathon, a measure of one's endurance, can apply to politics.

In this case, "the course" is the path toward building a better nation. Nation-building is laborious work that causes "fatigue," both for those who lead and for those who are led. However, completion of the task requires one not to give up, though fatigue sets in.

Citizens and leaders do not convince themselves that "the road is still too long," or, in political terms, that the task will take too long to complete. "Inclines" could be a metaphor for progress, which is as challenging to achieve nationally as an actual incline is to mount. Finally, a marathon runner might feel "loneliness," or a sense of isolation in the completion of the race. Mbeki, as a leader whom everyone was watching and counting on -- in the way in which one might watch and count on a marathon runner -- might have felt this loneliness that was "impossible to bear."

Finally, he addresses the ways in which one might question the value of such arduous work: "the prize itself of doubtful value." Once the race is won, a marathon runner might not feel ecstatic about its completion, despite the accomplishment. His or her physical exhaustion might outweigh all else. In the same regard, a nation that exhaustively pursues a political goal might not sense its value once it is reached.

Mbeki tries to dissuade his listeners from taking this cynical view, arguing that the effort is always worthwhile, for a nation's foremost goal should be to propel itself forward and to challenge itself to achieve greatness.