Is postmodern art a passing phase of nonsense or an exciting and innovative treasure?

The reasons you can argue that postmodernist art is a passing phase of nonsense are that it breaks from traditions in the history of art, seeking to produce something that cannot be understood through the lens we use to look at traditional art. If we are looking at postmodern art through the lens we use to understand Renaissance art, it seems like nonsense. This is because the goals of Renaissance art and the goals of postmodernist art are not the same. Renaissance art wants to show the most accurate depiction of the human form, of nature, and anything else we see in the world, even if it is attempting to paint something supernatural (see for example how Michelangelo depicts heaven in his ceiling for the Sistine Chapel). We could say that Renaissance art wants to give answers (to questions such as what heaven looks like, for example), but postmodernist art wants to ask questions. For that reason, we could argue that it is not a passing phase of nonsense but an exciting and innovative treasure. Postmodernist art offers a new perspective of the world and tries to give shape to abstract concepts and ideas. Andy Warhol's soup cans, for example, ask us to consider if soup cans could be art. Art becomes an abstract idea in that case, because if we are asking this question, then it suggests we do not already know what art is. Duchamp's readymades ask the same questions--is this art or not? Can a urinal be art? Instead of looking out at the world and showing what the world looks like, as Renaissance art does, postmodernist art looks in on itself, asking what art is.

We could also argue that it is an exciting and innovative treasure because after the industrial revolution and the rise of the city and of the science of psychology (all of which happened within 100 years), people's roles in life shifted. It became more common for people to want to seek out their identities outside of their jobs and families, asking "Who am I? What is the essence of my identity?" Postmodern art is reflecting this moment in history, asking the same questions of itself. 

If we consider postmodern art from the perspective we use to consider Renaissance art, it will seem like nonsense. If we consider it from a historical perspective or a perspective of questioning what art is, it seems like an exciting and innovative treasure. 

`int dx / sqrt(1-(x+1)^2)` Find the indefinite integral

Indefinite integral are written in the form of `int f(x) dx = F(x) +C`

 where: f(x) as the integrand

           F(x) as the anti-derivative function 

           C  as the arbitrary constant known as constant of integration

For the given problem, the integrand `f(x) =1/sqrt(1 -(x+1)^2)`  we apply

u-substitution by letting `u =(x+1) `  and `du = 1 dx or du= dx` .

`int (dx)/sqrt(1 -(x+1)^2) = int (du)/sqrt(1 -u^2)`

`int (du)/sqrt(1 -u^2) `  resembles the basic integration` ` formula for inverse sine function: `int (dx)/sqrt(1-x^2)=arcsin(x) +C` .

By applying the formula, we get:

`int (du)/sqrt(1 -u^2) =arcsin(u) +C`

Then to express it in terms of x, we substitute `u=(x+1)` :

`arcsin(u) +C =arcsin(x+1) +C`

Cassandra was a figure in Greek mythology who received the gift of prophecy with the curse that no one would believe her. Compare Cassandra to...

In Greek mythology, Cassandra was the daughter of King Priam of Troy. She was given the powers of prophecy by Apollo as long as she did what he wanted. When she refused, he cursed her by making sure her prophecies were never believed. She accurately predicted the fall of Troy but was ignored by the Trojan leaders. The two characters that communicate Cassandra like warnings in Elie Wiesel's memoir Night are Moshe the Beadle and Madame Schächter. In the opening section of the book Moshe the Beadle is deported as a foreigner and witnesses the Nazi atrocities which take place in the forest of Galicia. He miraculously escapes and returns to Sighet to warn the Jews of what he had seen. The horrors he describes, however, are too terrible for anyone to believe. Even Elie doesn't believe him. The townspeople simply think he has a wild imagination and has gone crazy.

In section two, Elie is in a train car with Madame Schächter and her son after being deported from Sighet. The train is bound for Auschwitz. Throughout the trip the woman erupts into screaming about seeing fire and flames coming from a furnace. When the men on the train look out the windows there is nothing. They hit her and tie her up but she continues her raving. Like Moshe, her warnings fall on deaf ears. At one point the Jews believe that Auschwitz is simply a labor camp where the conditions were good and families would not be split. Of course, this information proves false and when they reach Birkenau, the reception center for Auschwitz, the flames which Madame Schächter had predicted come into full view. The flames come from the crematories of the concentration camp where the Germans are burning the dead bodies of the Jews who have been exterminated.   

How did the story of Noah's ark transition from one of disaster in the Bible to a happy children's book?

Two men desrve most of the credit for the story of Noah's ark becoming more child-friendly: Jacobus Revius and Peter Spier. Jacobus Revius, a Dutch writer, re-told the classic Bible story in his 17th-century poem "The Flood." The poem re-told the sotry in a manner and format a child can grasp. Author Peter Spier wrote "Noah's Ark" in 1977.  His picture book is based upon Revius' work and contains very little text, alowing the reader to fill in the message to match the pictures. The book won the 1978 Caldecott Medal for illustration and the 1982 National Book Award for Children's Books as a picture book. It spawned many re-creations and inspired countless others to re-tell the Bible story according to various Christian denominations' viewpoints.

Perhaps the better question is not how the story of Noah's ark evolved, but why it evolved. The Bible story only appears as a disaster story to non-Christians. Many Christians believe those who do not follow the Lord are doomed. Once this idea is accepted, the story quickly reverts from one of disaster to one of hope. The Lord promises never to wash the earth with a flood again and provides the rainbow as a symbol of that promise. 

The basic tenants of the story all resonate with children: the animals are portrayed as domicile and lovable; the rainbow is a colorful symbol of love; and, without realizing it, children are conditioned to view those who did not follow God's teachings as deserving of punishment. This helps reinforce the idea that good people are rewarded and bad people punished. It is an easily-grasped lesson and one which translates to paper well because there are animals, boats and rainbows to distract from the more negative aspect of the tale.

What is the significance of the ginger smell in Song of Solomon?

In Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon, the ginger smell is carried off the lake and drifts toward certain party of the city. It's described as, "[a]n odor like crystallized ginger, or sweet iced tea with a dark clove floating in it." This is a strange phenomenon since the lake was ruined by the dumping of mill refuse and chemical waste from a nearby plastics manufacturer. This makes in an inhospitable ecosystem for humans, flora, and fauna alike; "[c]arp floated belly up onto the beach," "the hair of the willows that stood near the shore was thin and pale," and "ear infections were a certainty for those who swam in those waters." 

Despite the disgusting makeup of the lake, it mysteriously emanate that "heavy spice-sweet smell" that makes those who encounter it think of the Far East. Nonetheless, many people in its vicinity have not noticed it due to the presence of air conditioning units in their homes; they no longer have to keep their windows open to keep cool at night.

In Southside, however, the smell is able to drift through the open windows, and the ginger odor seems to have a powerful impact on the waking and dreaming thoughts of those who dwell there. If someone asleep detects the ginger, he or she will believe that his or her deepest desires had already manifested, believing, "the things he hungered for were right at hand." Those who smelled the ginger waft while awake felt that their behaviors and thoughts were "both intimate and far away." When Milkman and Guitar smell the ginger while loitering on Darling Street, it makes them think of freedom, justice, luxury, and/or vengeance. The impact of this scent is that it seems to give everything a surreal, dream-like quality; reality is illusory when the ginger odor is present, and it brings out the hidden cravings and traits of those who encounter it.  

On a more symbolic level, ginger has an association with the presence of the dead in African cultures and folklore. Note that the ginger scent appears before Milkman breaks into Pilate's house to steal the bag of "gold" (which is actually just a bag of human bones); when he visits the almost impossibly old former slave and midwife, Circe; and when Pilate and Milkman are shot at by Guitar in the final scene of the book. This scent may, thus, foretell what is to come--some encounter with death or the nearly dead--or remind us of the thin veil between the living and the dead. It may also speak to Milkman's ties to his family (as complicated or unpleasant as they may be) and the long history of strange and wonderful powers that they possess as descendants of  Solomon, the slave who could fly. 

What makes Clarisse so curious in the novel Fahrenheit 451? What quotes illustrate that?

Clarisse's family is a group of down to earth intellectuals who enjoy conversations and quiet evenings instead of the typical entertainment provided by the loud, obnoxious parlor walls. When Montag and Clarisse meet, they walk home, and Montag notices that her house lights are on. He asks Clarisse what's going on, and she says,

"Oh, just my mother and father and uncle sitting around, talking. It's like being a pedestrian, only rarer. My uncle was arrested another time---did I tell you?---for being a pedestrian. Oh, we're most peculiar" (Bradbury 7).

That night, after Montag witnesses his wife overdose on sleeping pills, he pulls his drapes open and looks out of his window. At two in the morning, Montag watches Clarisse's home, and Bradbury writes,

"Laughter blew across the moon-colored lawn from the house of Clarisse and her father and mother and the uncle who smiled so quietly and so earnestly. Above all, their laughter was relaxed and hearty and not forced in any way, coming from the house that was so brightly lit this late at night while all the other houses were kept to themselves in darkness. Montag heard the voices talking, talking, talking, giving, talking, weaving, reweaving their hypnotic web" (14).

Clarisse's curiosity is influenced by her family, which challenges Clarisse to view her society from a different perspective. She shares her family's open-minded and unique approach to life, which serves as a catalyst for her exploratory nature.

Clarisse also does not fit into to society and is viewed as antisocial by her teachers. She enjoys a good conversation but is not able to experience in-depth discussions at school. She tells Montag,

"Being with people is nice. But I don't think it's social to get a bunch of people together and then not let them talk, do you?" (Bradbury 27).

She goes on to tell Montag that she doesn't have any friends either. Clarisse says,

"...everyone I know is either shouting or dancing around like wild or beating up one another" (Bradbury 27).

She fears people her age and prefers to watch others rather than interact with them. The fact that she doesn't run around and bully people like the other kids her age encourages her to experience nature and the little things in life. Clarisse's curiosity is insatiable, and she searches for new experiences to satisfy her peaceful, intellectual personality.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, what does Atticus say about having a meaningful life?

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus is the symbol and source of courage, goodness, and wisdom. People look up to him to represent good values such as kindness, justice, and mercy. His children look to him for guidance and safety as well. Much of the advice Scout receives from her father is not prefaced with him saying "this will lead to a meaningful life." He simply shows that by living an exemplary life. But he also does it when he shares his wisdom with them when it's needed. For example, Atticus advises Scout the following after her first day of school seems like a failure:

"First of all, . . . if you can learn a simple trick, Scout, you'll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view . . . until you climb into his skin and walk around in it" (30).

By suggesting to Scout to think of the way others feel in situations that she may not understand, she can then find deeper meaning behind other people's behavior. As a result, she will be able to make better decisions when she interacts with them. Following this advice will help her to empathize with others before judging them and give her a purpose behind maintaining relationships with her neighbors. Furthermore, if Scout practices this advice, she will be more content and patient when disagreements or misunderstandings occur. Practicing a patient and nonjudgmental life isn't easy, though. Many people resort to using verbal insults and even violent threats to handle their problems. People like this are reactive, not proactive. Therefore, the only way to find meaning in life is to live it with patience and courage. For instance, Atticus shares how he feels about courage as follows:

"I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do" (112).

Atticus wants his children to know that living a meaningful life takes courage, but that doesn't mean using guns or even fighting only the battles they know they can win. Sometimes it's fighting the losing battles that define us and bring a deeper meaning to our lives. When Atticus takes the Tom Robinson case, he does so knowing that he will lose in court. He takes the case because he knows that if he doesn't, he won't be living up to his full potential, and the point of his education, talent, and existence would all be for nothing. Atticus vocalizes these feelings when he tells Scout the following about fighting a losing battle by taking the Tom Robinson case:

"The main one is, if I didn't I couldn't hold up my head in town, I couldn't represent this county in the legislature, I couldn't even tell you or Jem not to do something again" (75).

The above passage shows that Atticus feels as though he would be living beneath his value standards and diminishing his life's purpose if he doesn't take the case. He knows it is his turn to step up and provide the world with what he can offer it. When a person doesn't step up to his or her calling, purpose and meaning can be diminished. 

What does history mean to you?

The question you asked is a personal question and one that people will answer differently. However, there are some themes that emerge from this topic. History is the study of events that occurred in the past. History, if studied and applied properly, should serve as a guide of how to live in the present and in the future. We can learn a lot about life by studying history. We can also learn how to prevent making the same mistakes over and over.

History allows a person to learn how we got to where we are today regarding world affairs, the economy, and relations among different groups of people. We can learn how countries gained power and influence. We can also learn why some people are angry because of how they were treated by history. If you asked the Native Americans how they view history, they may answer very differently than if you asked a person who benefited from treaties made with the Native Americans. The way a person views history is affected by one’s experiences and one’s perspective.

3) In each case explain (using appropriate graphs for support) what happens to prove and output in the market for wheat bread; assuming that...

Part 3(A): As wheat bread is a normal good, an increase in income will result in an increase in demand. 

3(B): A substitute good is a good that can serve as a replacement for another good. In this case, rye bread can replace wheat bread, so if the price of rye went down, demand for wheat bread would decrease (as more people would choose to buy the cheaper rye bread). Rye bread is cheaper because the input, rye, has decreased in price. 

3(C): Similarly for part B, if the price of wheat increased, the cost of wheat bread would increase. Therefore demand would decrease, as more people would choose to purchase cheaper rye bread instead. 

3(D): An improvement in bread-making technology should increase efficiency of production for both kinds of bread, meaning that both wheat and rye bread should decrease in price, and demand should increase. 

4(A): If there is both an increase in income and an increase in the price of wheat (meaning an increase in price of wheat bread), demand will depend on which increase is relatively higher. As this is not stated, it's unclear whether or not demand would increase, decrease, or stay the same. 

4(B): If there is an increase in income and improved bread-making technology, demand should increase greatly. Higher income increases demand for normal goods, and improved technology should decrease the cost of wheat bread, so there are two factors both working to increase demand here. 

4(C):A decrease in the price of rye and an increase in the price of wheat would lead to greatly decreased demand for wheat bread. This is because cheaper rye means cheaper rye bread than usual, and more costly wheat means more costly wheat bread than usual. This should lead to very large numbers of people choosing to buy rye bread instead of wheat bread. 

4(D): A decrease in the price of rye and improved bread-making technologies should decrease prices for both breads (due to the improved technology), but rye bread will be relatively cheaper than wheat bread. This will increase demand for both breads, but demand for rye bread will be especially high. 

Are there good examples of when characters rally around each other in The Wednesday Wars? What is the best example?

Yes, there are examples of characters rallying around each other in The Wednesday Wars.  

I think there are two very good examples. My first choice is when Holling's sister helps him pull down all the pictures of him in his fairy costume. Doug Swieteck's brother got himself many copies of the newspaper that had Holling's performance picture in it. He then posted them up all over the school in order to really embarrass Holling. Holling's sister, throughout the novel, is not ordinarily a soft, caring sister to Holling, but at this moment in the story she is. She helps Holling and a few of his friends collect all the pictures.

The other really good example occurs in December. Holling has just finished his performance as Ariel, and he is rushing to the sports store. Mickey Mantle is there signing baseballs, and Mantle is an idol for Holling. Unfortunately, Mantle snubs Holling and refuses to sign the baseball, saying, "I don't sign baseballs for kids in yellow tights."

Holling's friend, Danny Hupfer, sees the snub. Out of loyalty to Holling, Danny returns his own autographed baseball to Mickey Mantle and tells him, "I guess I don't need this after all." 

That single act from Danny is a big moment of support for Holling. It couldn't have been easy to give up that baseball.

A rectangular floor 6m x 5m is tessellated using rhombic tiles whose diagonals are 48cm and 20cm long. How many tiles are required assuming half...

Given

Rectangular floor dimensions= 6m x5m

so the area of the floor is = 30m^2

diagonals of the Rhombus tiles =>

p=48cm = 0.48m

q=20cm=0.2m

so the area of each tile = pq/2 =` 0.48*0.2/2 = 0.048m^2`

so half tiles area is = `0.048/2` = `0.024m^2`

and quater tiles area is =` 0.024/2= 0.012m^2`

so no of tiles used for the rectangular area when half tiles are used is

=`30/0.024` =1250 tiles

no of tiles used for the rectangular area when quarter tiles are used is =`30/0.012` =2500 tiles

Does iron nitrate react when put with silver nitrate?

When iron nitrate reacts with silver nitrate, the following reaction takes place:

`Fe(NO_3)_2 + AgNO_3 -> Ag + Fe(NO_3)_3`

In this reaction, ferrous nitrate reacts with silver nitrate to produce silver metal and ferric nitrate.

This is an example of an oxidation-reduction reaction. Silver has an oxidation number of +1 on the reactant side (in silver nitrate). However, upon reacting with ferrous nitrate, it gains an electron and becomes silver metal with an oxidation number of 0. Since it gained an electron, silver got reduced in this reaction. Iron, on the other hand got oxidized in this reaction. In ferrous nitrate, iron has an oxidation number of +2, while in ferric nitrate the oxidation number is +3. Since iron lost an electron, we can say that it got oxidized in this reaction.

Hope this helps. 

What is the importance of marketing in a global economy?

Marketing in a global economy has the importance of being the avenue for maintaining competitiveness among an increasing number of competitors; addressing changing consumer needs and patterns; addressing the burgeoning markets that are opened through the introduction of new technological access; meeting the challenge of the accelerating shift toward e-commerce as it supplants traditional commerce in physical locations; and meeting the challenge of building strong customer relations in a global marketplace with highly divergent tastes, preferences, needs, wants, backgrounds, and demographics.

An example of these areas of importance (among other possible areas of importance not mentioned, like establishing community partnerships when the "community" is a global one) is presented in the October 2016 DKSH Market Expansion Services Report that highlights and focuses on the Asian marketplace:

The study. . . delivers surprising insights on the rapidly changing conditions in Asian markets and describes the challenges when expanding to and in Asia.

The study highlights, among other things, how the development of new technological capabilities—which are delivering Internet access and Internet e-commerce capabilities to remote, previously technologically isolated areas—is rapidly increasing the size, depth, and range of the Asian marketplace and altering consumer demographic profiles. In order to maintain (or gain) a foothold in the global or—for the sake of illustration—in the Asian marketplace, a carefully thought-out, developed, and executed strategy for marketing is crucially important to succeed in building strong customer relations in an expanding and divergent global marketplace.

According to Tuck, if people heard about the spring, what would happen?

The answer to this question can be found in chapter twelve of Tuck Everlasting. During this chapter, Angus Tuck takes Winnie out in a rowboat to the nearby pond.  It is his way of getting her alone, because he wants to explain the importance of keeping the spring a secret.  Angus is legitimately worried that people would rush to the spring and drink from it without understanding the repercussions of what they are doing.  

"If people knowed about the spring down there in Treegap, they'd all come running like pigs to slops. They'd trample each other, trying to get some of that water. That'd be bad enough, but afterwards—can you imagine? All the little ones little forever, all the old ones old forever. Can you picture what that means? Forever? The wheel would keep on going round, the water rolling by to the ocean, but the people would've turned into nothing but rocks by the side of the road. 'Cause they wouldn't know till after, and then it'd be too late."

Angus Tuck no longer sees being immortal as a blessing.  He desperately wants to get back "on the wheel."  That means that he wants to feel the effects of time like everybody else.  He wants the ability to grow old and die.  To Angus, being able to die lets him know that he had really lived.  Angus believes that if hundreds of people took a drink from the spring, then hundreds of people would also feel like he does.  

How do I differentiate the natural logarithm? For example, y=3ln(6t+1)

`y=3ln(6t+1)`

To take the derivative of this, refer to formula:

 `d/(dx) (ln u) = 1/u * (du)/dx `

Applying that, the derivative of the function will be:

`d/(dt)(y) = d/(dt)[3ln(6t+1)]`

`(dy)/(dt)=3d/(dt)[ln(6t+1)]`

`(dy)/(dt)=3*1/(6t+1) * d/(dt)(6t+1)`

`(dy)/(dt)=3*1/(6t+1) * 6`

`(dy)/(dt)=18/(6t+1)`

Therefore,  `(dy)/(dt) = 18/(6t+1)` .

What is the principal's attitude towards Margaret when he first sees her?

To answer your question, we will have to refer to Part One of the novel. At the beginning of the new school term, Margaret has to wait outside the principal's office to receive her assignment for the year. When he eventually sees her, the principal (Pete) is aloof and coldly polite. After a brief, disingenuous "electric light smile," he puts on his most forbidding demeanor, one that he especially reserves for his subordinates. As a matter of practice, it is only when he is in the presence of powerful and important men that he displays any sort of prolonged exuberance.

As he observes her, Pete concludes that Margaret is of mixed parentage and that her father is very possibly white. Although such people are frowned upon in Pete's community, their presence is usually tolerated in Dilepe.

Margaret, however, is a Masarwa or a Bushman, a member of a despised tribe of people; when Pete discovers this, he is both irritated and scandalized. Although he tries to hide his shock, he can barely conceal his disdain for Margaret. So, Pete is less than enthusiastic about the prospect of having someone like Margaret as a member of his teaching staff. His attitude towards her is one of disgust and apprehension.

He complains bitterly and animatedly to Seth, the education supervisor, about the predicament he finds himself in. Both men are in favor of kicking Margaret out immediately; however, they eventually decide to consult the Totems (or chiefs of Dilepe) first, just in case Margaret is connected to anyone important.

What, in Macbeth, is the symbolic meaning of Lady Macbeth's unconsciousness and why is it ironic?

I believe that you are referring to Lady Macbeth's somnambulism and her actions during this state.

The lady's mental deterioration is symbolic of the destructive power of evil. Evil seeks to destroy and overturn the natural order. Its power is vested in its utter contempt for good and a depraved and ruthless desire for authority driven by greed, arrogance and self-aggrandizement.

Those who ruthlessly seek power turn to evil means to get what they want. The forces of evil which they seek out and believe in, provide them a shortcut to fulfill their pernicious desires. So it was with both Lady Macbeth and her husband. Note, for example, her plea to the dark forces when she decides to murder king Duncan, in Act 1, scene 5:

Come, you spirits
That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,
And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full
Of direst cruelty! make thick my blood;
Stop up the access and passage to remorse,
That no compunctious visitings of nature
Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between
The effect and it! Come to my woman's breasts,
And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers,
Wherever in your sightless substances
You wait on nature's mischief! Come, thick night,
And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,
That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,
Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,
To cry 'Hold, hold!'

Her dramatic cry is truly terrifying. Once she has made up her mind, she becomes unstoppable and even goes as far as mocking her husband for being so feeble and cowardly. She uses powerful and persuasive language to convince her unsure husband that they should commit their heinous crime. She is so forceful that he is swayed to state that she should 'bring forth men children only' since they would bear her courage and purpose.

It is, therefore, ironic that Lady Macbeth was the first to falter when she saw the depth of destruction she had unleashed. In persuading her husband, she had opened a Pandora's box of evil. Macbeth became unrelentingly ruthless. He turned into a tyrannical monster intent on destroying all those who opposed his will, no matter what. He had his closest friend and confidante, Banquo, killed because he deemed him a threat and had Macduff's entire family assassinated for the same reason. Also, Macbeth had become so intent on waging a war with his own people that he had very little time for her.

Lady Macbeth became increasingly paranoid. She was driven by guilt and would attempt to remove unseen stains from her hands. She would constantly have a light with her and mutter about the dark deed she and her husband had committed. She was overwhelmed by remorse and the trauma of what she had done eventually drove her to madness and then suicide.

What she probably did not realize was that evil, being a destructive force, also destroys those who seek and then embrace it. She and her husband became tools to spread mayhem and both of them became, ironically, victims of their own malice.  

What is the major theme of the novel Monster?

Walter Dean Myers examines several themes throughout the novel Monster, but the most significant theme he explores is how the justice system dehumanizes young African Americans during the judicial process. During the trial, the prosecuting attorney refers to Steve Harmon and the rest of the individuals allegedly involved in the crime as "monsters." Even though Steve is a relatively shy, kind person who has a positive reputation throughout his school as a talented filmmaker, he is categorized as a "monster" simply because he is on trial. This label bothers Steve, and he begins to struggle with his identity for the remainder of the novel. One scene, in particular, illustrates the extent of his identity crisis when he begins to get sick while he is mopping the jail floor after noticing that he looks similar to the other inmates. O'Brien informs Steve that her job is to differentiate him from the other individuals on trial because the jury already views him as guilty. Myers examines how Steve is not viewed as a unique individual while he is on trial, and Steve is at the mercy of the attorneys, judge, and jury. Steve and his attorney struggle to distinguish him as a talented, respected young man in order to win the case. Fortunately, Steve is found not guilty by the jury, but his attorney still views him as a "monster."

Why are John Locke's ideas important?

John Locke’s ideas are historically important largely because they helped to inspire the American Revolution.  Many of the Patriot leaders read and accepted Locke’s ideas about government.  We can see proof of this in the fact that the Declaration of Independence uses Locke’s ideas.

John Locke was an Enlightenment thinker who did not believe that monarchy was rational.  Locke believed that it was irrational to think that God had appointed certain families of people to rule over others.  Instead, he tried to come up with a more logical way to think about how government came to be and what made government legitimate.

Locke argued that governments arose because people wanted something to protect them from other people in the state of nature.  In the state of nature, there was no government and no limits on what people could do, but there was also no way for people to protect their rights.  Therefore, Locke argued, people created governments.  The governments were legitimate because the people agreed to be ruled by them.  The governments were also legitimate because they protected the people’s fundamental rights.  These were the rights to life, liberty, and property.

These ideas are very clearly reflected in the Declaration of Independence.  Jefferson uses Locke’s arguments almost word for word in that document.  He did this because he and many of the other American leaders believed that Locke’s democratic vision was correct.  Locke’s vision helped inspire them to want to rebel against the British monarchy.  Therefore, Jefferson said, in the Declaration, that government got its power from the consent of the governed and that the purpose of government was to protect the people’s rights to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Historically speaking, then, Locke’s ideas are important mainly because they helped to inspire one of the most important political revolutions in the history of the world. 

How do Wilson, Tom, Nick, and Gatsby react to Myrtle's death in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby?

The reactions to Myrtle's death run the gamut from shocked to indifferent.

Mr. Wilson is understandably distraught at his wife's demise. Immediately following the accident, Nick sees him "swaying back and forth," and emitting a "high, horrible call" of despair: "Oh, my Ga-od! Oh, my Ga-od!" Wilson's grief eventually gives way to a deep anger and a desire for revenge. He goes walking to find and kill the driver who ran down his wife. Michaelis theorizes that he went "from garage to garage thereabout, inquiring for a yellow car," but Nick suggests he had "an easier, surer way of finding out," implying Tom Buchanan may have told him where to find Gatsby. 

Tom's reaction is similarly evolving. At first, he seems most concerned with establishing his own alibi to distance himself from any connections that might be made between himself and Gatsby. He tells Wilson, "That yellow car I was driving this afternoon wasn't mine... I haven't seen it all afternoon." A little later, as he and Nick drive away from the death scene, Nick hears "a low husky sob," and reports that "tears were overflowing down [Tom's] face." The following fall, when Nick coincidentally encounters Tom in Manhattan, Tom expresses his anger at Gatsby: "He ran over Myrtle like you'd run over a dog and never even stopped his car." He describes his grief when he returned to "that flat and saw that box of dog biscuits," whereupon he "sat down and cried like a baby." Whether Tom knows Daisy killed Myrtle is never made explicit in the text, and his grief, while seemingly sincere, is nevertheless out of character for him.

Nick's emotions immediately following Myrtle's death are never revealed; his role is simply that of the narrator in this section, and he seems detached and objective, merely describing the scene. Later that night, however, when Nick encounters Gatsby waiting outside the Buchanans' house, he is filled with disgust and suspicion towards his now "despicable" friend, whom he "disliked." Nick says, "For all I knew he was going to rob the house," and imagines the "sinister faces" of "'Wolfsheim's people'" are watching. After learning Daisy was the one driving the car that killed Myrtle, Nick's rejection of Gatsby gives way to compassion. He reveals to the reader the details of Gatsby and Daisy's doomed courtship, and of Tom Buchanan's entrance into her life with a tone quite sympathetic towards Gatsby. The next morning, as he and Gatsby part for the last time, he calls out, "You're worth the whole damn bunch put together."

Gatsby himself seems entirely unmoved by Myrtle's violent death, so consumed is he by thoughts of Daisy, who essentially terminated their relationship back at the Plaza Hotel. He asks Nick if Myrtle was killed, and when Nick confirms that she was, he simply says, "I thought so." Instead of expressing grief or remorse, Gatsby reassures Nick that "Daisy... stood it pretty well." The next day, Nick suggests that he "go away," perhaps to "Atlantic City or Montreal" until things blow over, but Gatsby refuses. He assures Nick that he and Daisy will reunite, telling him Daisy barely knew what she was saying the day before at the hotel. As he leaves, Gatsby says, "I suppose Daisy'll call..." and Nick, although he knows better, replies, "I suppose so." 

The only character whose reaction we never see is Daisy. In a brief scene that's filled with implication, however, Nick reports that on the night of the accident, he sees Daisy and Tom through their window, "sitting opposite each other at the kitchen table," and that "anybody would have said that they were conspiring together." 

Create a short 350 - 500 word piece where you discuss writing a paper that has validity. Make sure you cover: fact and fiction, supporting...

This assignment asks you to think about how you write a paper with validity focusing on key aspects of paper writing in general. I'll cover these below, but you'll need to apply them to your assignment.

Fact vs. Fiction
In writing a strong paper, it's necessary to separate fact and fiction for your readers both in your own opinions and in the sources you present. In your own points, you want to make sure you're not saying anything that isn't supported. Then, in your sources, you want to make sure you're using factual information and strong support for your points.

Supporting Evidence
In your paper, you'll want to evaluate each source, not just for fact and fiction, but for the source's individual value to a topic. If you're writing a paper about climate change, you'll want climate science scientists as sources. You wouldn't, for example, cite a political source for scientific information. Similarly, you wouldn't cite a medical doctor to answer questions about the law.

Bias
In your paper, you will want to evaluate your sources (and yourself) for bias. Are you presenting both sides fairly? Keep in mind, fair doesn't mean 50% and 50% - in fact, it often doesn't mean equal representation of two sides. On an issue like evolution, for instance, it would not be appropriate to dedicate half of a paper to evolution critics, because that's not a true representation of science. It would however, be a great idea to present scientists that have different ideas about a specific aspect of evolution. Similarly, you will want to make sure your own biases about a topic aren't getting in the way of your paper. If you're writing a story about "the best pets" you may love cats - but if you only write about cats and give no attention to dogs, you could come across as biased.

Logic
Finally, you should be very careful about the arguments you make in your essay. You will want to be sure to avoid logical fallacies so that you don't lose credibility with your reader and so that your ultimate argument makes sense. To learn more about logical fallacies, check out this encyclopedia link.

What did Winston Churchill do?

Although Winston Churchill did many things in his life, he is most famous for having led the United Kingdom through World War II.  Churchill was the Prime Minister of the UK from May 10, 1940 to July 26, 1945.  Those were the most important years of World War II in Europe and Churchill’s leadership is generally credited with allowing the UK to resist Hitler in the dark early days of the war.  He is also credited with helping the Allies defeat the Axis later in the war.

By the time World War II broke out, Churchill was already a relatively old man. He was 65 when he took office in 1940. He had been in government for decades, including the post of First Lord of the Admiralty in WWI. However, it is his actions during WWII that have made him a major historical figure.

WWII broke out in Europe in September of 1939.  At that point, Neville Chamberlain was prime minister. Chamberlain was responsible for the disastrous policy of appeasing Hitler and he presided as the Allied forces (including the British Expeditionary Force) were easily defeated by the Germans and driven off the continent.  Chamberlain resigned because of this poor performance.

At that point, Churchill stepped into office and was immediately aggressive in his stance against Germany.  Churchill rallied the English people with stirring speeches in which he vowed to resist German aggression with extreme vigor.  Churchill refused to allow the British to consider making peace with Hitler. He inspired Britons to persevere through the Blitz and through other events that made the Allies’ prospects seem dim.

Once the US entered the war, Churchill was also instrumental in the Allied victory. He formed a close relationship with American President Franklin D. Roosevelt.  This relationship helped the two countries work well together, ultimately defeating the Axis.

After the war, Churchill was voted out of office.  He later returned as prime minister in the early 1950s. Regardless of what he accomplished before and after WWII, Churchill is best-known as the aggressive and tenacious leader of the UK during WWII.

How did Romeo and Juliet get bad advice from their elders (mainly the Nurse and Friar Lawrence)?

After Lord Capulet completely loses his temper and threatens to allow Juliet to beg and starve in the streets if she refuses his directive to marry the County Paris, Juliet's nurse -- a woman who has really always been on Juliet's side -- changes her tune and advises her to marry the count.  She says, "I think you are happy in this second match, / For it excels your first, or, if it did not, / Your first is dead, or 'twere as good he were / As living here and you no use to him" (3.5.235-238).  She says that she believes Juliet will be happy in the marriage to Paris, and even if she isn't it doesn't matter because her first spouse is as good as dead.  This turns out to be bad advice because it makes Juliet desperate.  She no longer feels as though she has any allies, and she is ready to do anything to escape her impending nuptials to Paris.

Juliet goes to Friar Lawrence, and when she threatens to kill herself, he says, "I do spy a kind of hope, / Which craves as desperate an execution / As that is desperate which we would prevent" (4.1.69-71).  He advises her to fake her own death so as to escape "this present shame," deceiving her parents and the entire community so that she can run away and be with Romeo in his exile (4.1.120).  This turns out to be bad advice when the letter acquainting Romeo with this plan cannot be delivered, and he arrives at Juliet's tomb to kill himself, thinking she is dead.  Although both the nurse and the friar mean well, their advice is not very good and helps to hasten the tragedy of the play.

Why were Australian soldiers taken prisoner by the Japanese during WWII?

Australian soldiers were taken prisoner by the Japanese in WWII because the Japanese military was able to overwhelm the places that the Australians were defending.  They did not want to simply massacre all the Australian soldiers so they took them prisoner instead.

At the beginning of WWII in the Pacific, the Japanese military was much better prepared for war than any of the Allies were.  The Japanese were able to overwhelm the Americans in the Philippines, the British and Australians in Singapore and Hong Kong, and other Allied forces in the region without much trouble.  The British and Australians (and Indians) were more numerous but were poorly trained as the best-trained troops were off fighting in the European theater.  For these reasons (and some others, such as the mistakes made by commanders in the field), the Japanese were able to defeat the Allies very quickly in most parts of the Pacific.  Therefore, they were able to take many Australian prisoners.

When the Japanese won so easily, they had choices as to what to do with the people who surrendered.  They could either slaughter them or take them prisoner.  They took them prisoner, presumably for two reasons.  One reason was that they did not want to kill that many people in cold blood in ways that could not be hidden from the world.  The other reason was that they wanted to take prisoners and use them as forced labor.

Thus, the Japanese took Australians as POWs in WWII because they were able to defeat the Allies very easily in the early stages of the Pacific war and because they did not want to simply massacre those soldiers who surrendered.

What elements in our current society is this story warning us about? How are we heading for this version of dystopian society?

Le Guin published "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" in 1973, and it holds up quite well as a cautionary tale today.  Le Guin has exaggerated for effect, of course, but in some ways it does feel as though we could be on our way to a dystopian society, at least in the United States, Western Europe, and perhaps a few other places in the world.  This is a personal perspective, and other people will no doubt have different views.  There are two elements to Le Guin's tale to consider, first, the hiding of unpleasantness and second, the neglect or mistreatment of those we do not want to see.  Let's look at some examples of this "first world" problem. 

Consider the treatment of the homeless in society.  People do not want to see the homeless in their communities.  Merchants complain that consumers will not shop in areas where there are homeless people on the streets.  The police complain that they make more work for them.  Middle-class people cringe when they see them.  The solution -  to hide them, of course!  Shelters are one way, and simply driving them away so they can go somewhere else is another.  There are remarkably few programs designed to attack the problems that make people homeless in the first place.  But if we can't see them, as we cannot see that child hidden away, we can be perfectly happy. The homeless are just one sacrifice to our happiness.

Today, in the United States, in addition to being racially segregated, communities are more socioeconomically segregated than ever before.  This is our way of keeping the child hidden from our view.  Who wants to see unpleasant poor people all the time, people who look tired and hungry, people who don't wear the latest styles, people who do not speak as we speak?  In my own city, public housing was originally built as far away as possible from nice neighborhoods.  If we can surround ourselves with people like us, we don't have to look at all those people and be reminded that they exist. We sacrifice the poor on the altar of prosperity.  

Prisons in the United States are overwhelming filled with African-American and Latino poor people. This is another good way to hide these people we don't want to see. It is not a coincidence that the consequences of using a cheaper form of cocaine has led to severe sentences, while the use of the more expensive version has not.  It is not a coincidence that many of the people incarcerated are mentally ill.  These are the child in the story.  These are the people we don't want to see. If we hide them away in cages, our lives will be all sunshine and blue skies.  If we can just sacrifice enough of these people, all will be well. 

Immigrants are another group people feel somehow ruin their nice lives. And in fact, one presidential candidate has risen to his present heights on the platform of deporting them and keeping others from coming in.  We need not just put them in the basement; we can get rid of them altogether.  If we do that, America will somehow be great again, great because we won't have to deal with these needy people who want to pursue the American dream, too. 

The only light on the horizon I have seen has been the mainstreaming of the disabled, in schools and in employment.  When I was in elementary school, the learning disabled were confined to one classroom in the basement of the school, tucked away just like the child in Omelas.   Learning disabled students are to a large degree part of regular classrooms, and I often see disabled people working in my own neighborhood.  And yet, I hear grumbling about this, too, from people who do not want to see this.  It somehow ruins people's pretty pictures of the world. 

I would say that the story has a great deal of resonance in today's world, or at least in many parts of it.  We do not want to even see imperfections, much less ameliorate them.  Our happiness, we believe, depends upon hiding these imperfections away, our own form of sacrifice to the gods.   

Is Iago acting out of jealousy? If so, how do Othello and Iago deal with their jealousy?

Iago is indeed acting out of jealousy. First of all, he's jealous that Othello passed him up for a promotion and chose to honor Cassio instead. Secondly, he's jealous because he believes that Othello has slept with his wife, Emilia. This latter assumption seems pretty unfounded, but Iago nonetheless uses it as justification for his jealousy. 

It's interesting to note, therefore, that Iago and Othello are similar in that both are jealous men. Iago deals with his jealousy by manipulating most of the play's characters, especially Cassio and Othello, to orchestrate their downfalls. Likewise, Othello deals with his jealousy by killing Desdemona. So, both men are similar in that they will go to extraordinary lengths to satisfy their jealous feelings. However, that's not to say that Iago and Othello are exactly the same; indeed, Othello is tricked into acting on his jealous feelings, while Iago carefully and methodically acts on his jealousy with full knowledge of what he is doing. As such, it's hardly surprising that Iago has often been called Shakespeare's most evil character.  

How are the Radleys different from the other people in Maycomb?

Maycomb is overall a friendly town.  People enjoy visiting their neighbors, sitting on their porches in the evening, and going to church on Sundays.  The Radley family is different.  They do not do any of these things anymore.  Atticus tells Scout that they used to be different, a long time ago.  Over time, the Radley family becomes more and more reclusive:

[The Radley family] kept to themselves, a predilection unforgivable in Maycomb.  They did not go to church, Maycomb's principal recreation, but worshiped at home; Mrs. Radley seldom if ever crossed the street for a mid-morning coffee break with her neighbors, and certainly never joined a missionary circle (To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapter 1).

Members of the Radley family are rarely seen leaving their house.  They are seldom seen around town.  This is one of the reasons why bizarre rumors are able to circulate about Boo Radley.  No one in town sees Boo out and about.  They imagine what has happened to him.  The make up stories to explain his reclusiveness.

Sundays in Maycomb are an especially social time.  After church, people visit and socialize.  In the midst of this, "the shutters and doors of the Radley house [are] closed on Sundays, another thing alien to Maycomb's ways: closed doors meant illness and cold weather only.... [and] to climb the Radley front steps and call, 'He-y,' of a Sunday afternoon [is] something their neighbors never did." 

Describe 4 similarities between the onion cell root cell and whitefish blastula in mitosis.

There are many similarities between mitosis in plant cells, such as onion cells, and animal cells, such as whitefish blastula. The four steps of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, and each of them occurs the same in plant and animal cells.

During prophase the chromosomes condense. During metaphase the chromosomes move to the middle of the cell and line up along the cell's equator. The chromosomes separate during anaphase, and in telophase two new nuclei begin to form. These processes are all the same in plant and animal cells.

One difference is that most plant cells don't have centrioles while animal cells do. Centrioles help organize the microtubules that make up the spindle fibers used to separate the duplicated chromosomes during anaphase. However, even though plant cells do not have centrioles they still use spindle fibers in the same way that animal cells do during mitosis. Cytokinesis, which occurs after mitosis, is also different in plant and animals cells. Because animal cells have a flexible cell membrane, the membrane pinches in to separate into two cell during cytokinesis. Plant cells have rigid cell walls, so a cell plate forms and builds into a cell wall that separates the cell into two cells during cytokinesis. 

What is the feeling of being weightless?

Weight is a force with which a celestial body attracts our body. Generally, when we use the term weight, we are referring to the force with which Earth attracts our body. The weight of a body can be calculated by using Newton's second law of motion, which states that force is the product of mass and acceleration. Using this law, weight is the product of mass and acceleration due to gravity.

Weightlessness is the feeling of having no weight. It can be experienced during free fall or while in space. During weightlessness, we would feel very little or no weight of our body. This sensation can be partly simulated in a swimming pool. If we leave our body free and relaxed in a pool, we feel that our body weighs less (this is due to buoyancy acting on our body). We can also get the same feeling during bungee jumping. Weightlessness simply will cause you to feel less or no body weight.

Hope this helps.

What is the reason why mathematics is taught in school?

I entirely agree with the logical thinking part, also.  For instance, you may get a job where you never have to do the quadratic formula.  But, you don't know that right now.  No one knows that while they are still in school.  But, the ability to use the quadratic formula to solve a problem, that's what's important.

Or, I describe it this way.  Why would a football player lift weights, like the bench press specifically?  If you consider it, no football player during a game is laying on their back and pushing 300+ pounds multiple times for their work.  Then, why do it?  Because it makes them stronger.  That increase in strength will make them a better football player.

So, why do math?  You are going to have problems out in the real world that you are going to have to solve, regardless of the field.  Math is the "bench press" right now.  "Get good" at solving problems now, then you will be even better at solving problems later in your own field.

Are there any narrative detours in Beowulf? If yes, what purpose did it/they serve?

Although Beowulf is best known for its depiction of Beowulf and his struggle against Grendel and Grendel's mother, the poem contains several important digressions from that central theme.  These departures from the Beowulf-Grendel narrative serve to underscore the dynastic struggles that characterized Scandinavian and, later, Anglo-Saxon societies, as well as to shed light on Beowulf's role as, first, a leader among the Geats, and, second, as the Geats' king and principal protector.

Warfare among tribes and blood-feuds among families characterizes the world in which Beowulf lives and dies.  For example, in the first few lines of Beowulf, we read that Hrothgar, as a good king should in this society, distributes treasure to his retainers (his most trusted warriors) and builds a suitable hall for them to celebrate in,  the great mead-hall Heorot:

The hall soared high/ and its gables protected by horns; (the Heathobards' wrath and/ flames of hatred was still to come,/when armed struggle between sworn friends,/caused by hate would break out.) (ll. 83-86)

The poet makes this comment as an aside to the listeners and readers, which implies that they do not need further explanation to understand the reference, but it is the first of several digressions in which dynastic warfare is discussed.  In this case, the poet alludes to Heorot's ultimate fate when, in an attempt to make peace between the Danes and Heathobards, Hrothgar has his daughter Freawaru marry Ingeld, the prince of the Heathobards.  The marriage fails to prevent the two tribes from starting a disastrous war later on.

Another digression (see ll. 875-900) sets up the contrast between a good king, Sigemund, and a bad king, Heremod.  Sigemund, whom the poet describes as "by any measure the greatest/of all men, the protector of warriors" (ll. 898-899), becomes the standard by which good kings are measured.  Heremod, on the other hand, who is guilty of oppressing his subjects, is exiled from his tribe because "to his people, to all of his princes, he was a bitter problem" (ll. 905-906) and "crime overtook him" (l. 915).  Sigemund, who also kills a dragon during his kingship, is the pattern of a great warrior king in this society and is meant to represent Beowulf's goal as a leader.

The most important and lengthy series of digressions is introduced by what is known as the "Fight at Finnsburg."  This story,which recounts a battle between the Jutes and East Frisians, on one side, and the Danes, on the other.  Like the story of Freawaru and Ingeld, the princess of the Danes, Hildeburh, has been married to Finn, the Frisian king.  And like the outcome of the first story, this one ends badly when a battle occurs and Hildeburh's son and brother are killed by her husband's warriors.

In sum, then, the digressions may seem to be an intrusion, but most of these depict an integral part of this society's cultural inheritance--war, more war, and then a little more war.

Why does George tell Lennie white lies in Of Mice and Men?

George tells Lennie white lies to make him feel better and make him happy.

A white lie is a harmless lie.  You might tell someone you think their shirt looks nice, for example, when you really think it’s hideous.  The person is happy, and you did not hurt anyone’s feelings.  That is what makes it a white lie.  We usually tell white lies to make another person happy.

The biggest lie George tells Lennie is that they are going to buy some land and raise rabbits.  George knows this is not likely to ever happen, but it is a dream that he can use to entertain and soothe Lennie.  As migrant farm laborers, their lives are dull.  They do not have much, so being able to hold onto that dream makes them feel better.  Lennie just doesn’t realize it isn’t real.

Lennie has special needs.  He has the mind of a child.  For this reason, George often treats him like a child.  Just as you might tell a child that his dog went to live on a farm, instead of saying it died, George lies to Lennie to keep him happy.

George tells Lennie that the two of them are different from most guys because they have a future.  They are going to buy land some day and live off the fat of the land.  Hearing about this mythical land makes Lennie deliriously happy.  George talks about it when he wants to focus Lennie, or just cheer him up.

"Good boy! That's fine, Lennie! Maybe you're gettin' better. When we get the coupla acres I can let you tend the rabbits all right.  'Specially if you remember as good as that."

Lennie choked with pride. "I can remember," he said. (Ch. 1)

Over the years, George has found ways of dealing with Lennie.  Since Lennie does not know what is going on most of the time, George has to look out for both of them.  The dream of the land makes him feel good too, even if it is just a fantasy.

In David Rabe’s The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel, what does Hummel’s “basic training” consist of? Rabe is also talking about...

In David Rabe's "The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel", the notion of training encompasses both physical conditioning and a symbolic rite of passage. Since war is an inevitable and perpetual feature of human society, the metaphorical experience of 'basic training' is a universal one; since the machine of war requires violence and brutality, its success hinges on the cold, calculated will to destroy and kill. As such, the brand of soldier Rabe depicts as created during basic training is an ultra-masculine, emotionally disconnected, cynical one. Through force of coercive language (military chants, barked orders), exercises (push-ups and drills) and dogma (pushing through the pain of injuries), represented by characters like Sergeants Tower and Wall, Hummel and the other soldiers gradually lose any naïveté and open-mindedness as they transform into tough, heartless cynics. In Hummel's desperate and pathetic attempts to be accepted by his peers and earn the approval of commanding officers, his confusion is compounded by his efforts to fit the military mold; questions of individual will and responsibility are supplanted by the desire to conform. Thus, the ultimate purpose of basic training is to suppress the needs and wishes of the individual in order to allow institutional aspects of war to dominate.

How many number of molecules are there in 10 grams of nitric acid (HNO3)?

Hello!

By definition, there are about  `6*10^(23)`  molecules in each mole of any substance. This number is called Avogadro number and is usually denoted as `N_A.` If we'll find the number of moles in `10` grams of nitric acid, we'll know the number of molecules by multiplying it by `N_A.`

Atoms of each type have its own mass. This mass, expressed in grams per mole, may be found in many sources including the periodic table. The values for `H,` `N` and `O` should be memorized and are about `1,` `14` and `16` grams per mole, respectively. Therefore the mass of one molecule of `HNO_3`  is  `1 + 14 + 3*16 = 63 (g/(mol)).`

Hence we have  `(10 g)/(63(g/(mol))) approx0.16 mol`  of nitric acid, and the number of molecules is about  `6*10^(23)*0.16 approx 0.95*10^(23) = 9.5*10^(22).` This is the answer.

What request does Sasha make of Ivan at the end of "A Problem"?

The request made at the end of Chekhov's "A Problem" is truly an upsetting ending to the story. Sasha asks (or a more proper word would be "forces") Ivan to give him the hundred rubles, proving that Sasha was a criminal all along. 

When Sasha originally cashes a false promissory note and is caught, the family (including Ivan, the uncle) are discussing whether to have Sasha take the punishment or simply clear his name by paying the money. Ivan convinces the family to simply pay it for Sasha, so he can begin again with a clean slate. It is when Ivan tells Sasha this good news that Sasha makes this "request," demanding the hundred rubles from Ivan. Sasha ends the story by saying, "Now I see that I am a criminal; yes, I am a criminal."

What quotes from The Giver show that the Elders have power?

In The Giver (Lowry), it is often just implicit that the Elders have all the power, but there are some quotes that do make it explicit. I'll provide a few. 

In the scene in Chapter 6 in which Jonas is anxiously awaiting his assignment for the Ceremony of Twelve, how Jonas' parents were matched is explained this way: 

Even the Matching of Spouses was given such weighty consideration that sometimes an adult who applied to receive a spouse waited months or even years before a Match was approved of and announced (48).

So, we know that people cannot be married without the approval of the Elders. Furthermore, who has children and which children they get is controlled by the Elders, as we are told in this passage about Jonas' getting Jonas and Lily to raise:

Their match, which like all other Matches had been monitored by the Committee of Elders for three years before they could apply for children, had always been a successful one (48).

In addition to deciding who can wed and whether or not people can raise children, the Elders decide what everyone's job is going to be, which is what Jonas is waiting to hear at the Ceremony of Twelve, and we learn that the "initial speech...was made by the Chief Elder" (51). In that speech, she explicitly states it it is the Elders who have made the assignment decisions, "paying tribute to the hard work of her committee, which had performed the observations so meticulously all year" (52).

While we do not know right away about the Elders, it becomes clear very quickly in the story that there is someone or some ones making all of the rules we read about, and once we learn about the Elders, it starts to become clear that they are the ones with all the power in the community. Giving up the memories of a community can render a community powerless.

What are some quotes in Number The Stars by Lois Lowry that refer to sadness?

Annemarie is sad when she remembers her dead sister, Lise.  She was the oldest sister, and she died a few years before.  Annemarie was told she was hit by a car.  In a way, she was.  She was run down by the military because she was part of the Resistance. 

Annemarie turned her head on the pillow and stared through the partly opened curtains of the window into the dim September night.  Thinking of Lise, her solemn, lovely sister, always made her sad. (Ch. 2) 

Annemarie’s sister Lise was engaged to Peter, a member of the Resistance as well. Peter still comes to visit the Johanses, both because he wants to see them to remember Lise and because he can use their help with his efforts to rescue Jews.  Annemarie thinks that Peter is kind, and considers him almost like an older brother. 

Another kind of sadness is described when Denmark intentionally sinks its naval fleet so that the Nazis can’t get it.  Mama says that the king must be sad, but Papa says that he is proud.  Sinking the fleet was necessary to impede the Nazi war effort.  Annemarie reflects on this, and decides she understands. 

It had made Annemarie feel sad and proud, too, to picture the tall, aging king, perhaps with tears in his blue eyes, as he looked at the remains of his small navy, which now lay submerged and broken in the harbor. (Ch. 4) 

Annemarie understands that it is a sad thing to have to sink your own fleet.  Denmark did not have much of an army anyway.  It was a small country.  The people of Denmark did not quietly succumb to the Nazis.  They resisted, as a country, in what ways they could. 

Annemarie is also sad about Ellen Rosen’s situation.  Her friend is Jewish, and she feels that she cannot do enough to help her.  She knows her friend and her family are in danger.  Ellen talks about how terrible it would be to die young. 

On the sofa Ellen sat between her parents, one hand clasped tightly in her mother's. She looked up at Annemarie but didn't smile.  Annemarie felt a surge of sadness; the bond of their friendship had not broken, but it was as if Ellen had moved now into a different world, the world of her own family and whatever lay ahead for them. (Ch. 10) 

The Johansens and the members of the resistance do what they can to help the Rosens and other Jews escape, but Annemarie feels sad that this is a danger that she and her friend do not share.  It makes her feel disconnected from her friend.

What is an important theme in "The Garden Party" by Katherine Mansfield?

An important theme in Mansfield's "The Garden Party" centers on individual identity.

One theme in Mansfield's short story concerns the formation of individual identity. Laura displays this theme throughout the narrative. At the story's outset, she seems comfortable with people from the working class. She finds the workers setting up the garden party to be "extraordinarily nice," preferring their company to the "silly boys she danced with and who came to Sunday night supper." Upon hearing of the worker's death, she finds it offensive to have the garden party. She is "astonished" at the banal reactions of Jose and her mother. Laura believes the party should be cancelled because of her identification with the working class.  

As the story progresses, Laura's working-class identity is not as evident. Laura is hesitant about taking the basket to the deceased worker's family, asking her mother if it is "a good idea." Laura is visibly uncomfortable when she visits the mourning family. She calls out for God's help and apologizes for her hat. As Laura stares at the worker's corpse, she struggles with even larger issues of identity:

What did garden-parties and baskets and lace frocks matter to him? He was far from all those things. He was wonderful, beautiful. While they were laughing and while the band was playing, this marvel had come to the lane. Happy. . . happy. . . All is well, said that sleeping face. This is just as it should be. I am content.

When she arrives back, readers are not sure what Laura's identity is. She "stammers" in a statement that might articulate thoughts about life. Like Laura's identity, that statement is muddled.

What Laura believes and how she will go about living her life are central questions at the end of "The Garden Party." They attest to the importance of the theme of identity in Mansfield's short story.

What was the impact of mercantilism on the European colonization of North America?

Mercantilism was a theory of political economy that was prominent in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Basically, it argued that a nation's power was fundamentally based on its wealth, and that the government ought to regulate the economy in ways that increased the wealth of the state. This theory influenced colonization in a number of ways. First, it promoted the establishment of colonies on the ground that they could produce revenue for the state. Second, it led European nations to place trade regulations on their colonies. For example, English colonies, at least in theory, were banned by a series of laws known as Navigation Acts from trading with other European nations. Third, it caused many colonies to develop economies that were geared toward satisfying demands for certain items. Colonies specialized in certain staple crops, like sugar, tobacco, or rice, and they consumed manufactured goods from the "mother country." Above all, the theory of mercantilism encouraged the development of an Atlantic economy that involved Europe, West Africa, and the Americas. People, goods, and money flowed around the Atlantic, facilitating the growth of colonies. At the same time, this system required a tremendous amount of capital and especially human labor. So while the system of mercantilism facilitated economic growth in Europe and the Americas, it did so on the backs of millions of enslaved people brought from West Africa.

What connections can be made to Of Mice and Men?

Connections in literature can be made in three different ways : 

• Text to text: When the literature is comparable to other literature


• Text to self: When the literature is comparable to personal events


• Text to world: When the literature is comparable to historical, social, or other world events

It is recommended that all readers attempt to make all three connections in order for the literature to make full meaning. After all, literature tells fictional and non-fictional accounts of everyday life within a myriad of different backdrops and scenarios. 

Depending on your particular experience with literature, and your exposure to it, you may be able to find all these connections in Of Mice and Men. 

For example:

Text to Text connections:  Of Mice and Men is comparable in theme and setting to another Steinbeck novel, The Grapes of Wrath. They are not the same, just comparable. For example, both novels take place during the Great Depression. The characters are also farm-connected, and driven away by harsh or desperate situations. The same sense of desolation, poverty, hunger, and isolation permeate the works. 

Text to Self connections: Think of any time you have felt entirely alone. Did the few people around you make you feel less lonely? Have you ever been on the run from something and unsure about your future?

The title from the novel Of Mice and Men comes from a verse of the Robert Burns poem "To a Mouse" in which he writes

the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry

Think about it: When have you ever had "best laid plans" which go all wrong?

**This could also be a text to text connection, as the title comes from another work of literature.

Text to World:  Think about the historical consequences of The Great Depression and the universal topics that came with it: hunger, sadness, death, depression. Those universal themes are part of the world in which we live. Can you think of other events in history that have affected people the way that it affected those men in the story? What other consequences happened as a result of the Great Depression that affected the country, or the world as a whole? 

Those are examples of connections.

In The Great Gatsby, Nick leaves New York and heads back west in disgust. Jaded by his experiences with Gatsby, the Buchanans, Jordan Baker, etc.,...

I think Nick will remain cynical when he returns home to the Midwest.  After all, he left the Midwest because he'd already become rather disillusioned with it.  In Chapter I, Nick says that he came back from the war "restless" and with a sense that

"Instead of being the warm center of the world, the Middle West now seemed like the ragged edge of the universe [...]." 

Therefore, it seems unlikely that Nick would be satisfied moving back to the place that he wasn't happy in before.  Before, he was cynical about the place, and now he's cynical about people, so it doesn't seem like there's much possibility that Nick would feel any better about anything when he gets back home.  By the end of the story, Nick understands that there is little to be optimistic about.  He says,

"Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us.  It eluded us then, but that's no matter -- to-morrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther . . . . And one fine morning--."  

Nick now understands that this fine morning will never come. The dream in which Gatsby believed is only a dream and will never be reality.

What characterizes the men who fight on Macbeth's side? How do they feel about what they do?

The men who fight on Macbeth's side do so because they are afraid of him. He has learned that no one respects him and that consequently he must rule by fear. They know that if they were to flee Scotland or join the approaching English army, Macbeth is fully capable of taking his revenge on their families, as he did with the family of Macduff. Macbeth is fully aware that there is no loyalty among his followers. In Act V, Scene 3, he acknowledges this fact to himself.

I have lived long enough. My way of life
Is fall'n into the sear, the yellow leaf,
And that which should accompany old age,
As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends,
I must not look to have; but, in their stead,
Curses, not loud but deep, mouth-honor, breath,
Which the poor heart would fain deny and dare not.

Naturally the men are not going to be very courageous fighters. Macbeth knows that the forthcoming battle is already lost. The fact that he is a king with such an army is one of the things that troubles him the most. Men are deserting him throughout the last act. Even Seyton, his chief assistant, treats him with cold, formal courtesy which hides his contempt. Seyton appears frequently at the end in order to represent the attitude of all of Macbeth's officers, and by inference the attitude of the lower ranks. Macbeth expresses himself with anger through Act V. This is because he is depressed, frustrated and infuriated by the endless desertions. When Act V, Scene 3 opens, he is issuing a general order which shows his desperate position:

Bring me no more reports; let them fly all!

Many officers have been coming to him with reports of desertions. If this keeps up he will be defending an empty castle. He will have nothing left to rely on but the predictions of the witches' apparitions that no one can harm him until the woods of Birnam come marching toward Dunsinane and unless he engages in hand-to-hand combat with a man who was not of woman born. Ironically, Macbeth tries to rule by fear to stop desertions, but his fear tactics don't work; they are only driving more and more men away. If everybody deserts him, he will have no soldiers left to enforce his fear tactics.

What is the Canterville ghost going to tell the other ghost in Oscar Wilde's story "The Canterville Ghost"?

In Chapter Three of "The Canterville Ghost," the Canterville ghost gets an unexpected surprise when he meets with another ghost in the house. Initially, this "horrible spectre" terrifies the Canterville ghost because he has never seen a ghost before; however, later he decides to go and speak with him. Though Wilde does not reveal his exact words, it becomes clear that the Canterville ghost believes that this other ghost will be a useful ally, as explained in the text:

He returned towards the spot where he had first laid eyes on the grisly phantom, feeling that, after all, two ghosts were better than one, and that, by the aid of his new friend, he might safely grapple with the twins.

Sadly, however, the Canterville ghost realizes that this other ghost is, in fact, a dummy created by the Otis boys. This was nothing more than a trick designed to frighten and humiliate the Canterville ghost and, to this end, it was very successful.  

In the Tragedy of Julius Caesar, how did Artemidorus know about the conspiracy?

In William Shakespeare's "The Tragedy of Julius Caesar," Artemidorus likely knew about the plot to kill Julius Caesar through Brutus. Despite the suggestion of taking an oath (Act II, Scene I) to swear all the conspirators (Cassius, Brutus, Casca, Cinna, Trebonius, Metellus Cimber, Decius Brutus, and Caius Ligarius) into secrecy, Brutus is quick to dismiss the idea, stating: 

No, not an oath. If not the face of men,

The suffering of our souls, the waste of time–

Although it is not explicitly stated, it is speculated that due to Brutus' trusting nature and overall excitement about the plot, he is the likely culprit in disclosing the details of the conspiracy. 

Artemidorus writes Caesar a letter warning him to take heed and going as far as listing each of the conspirators by name. This detailed account could only be obtained if one of the conspirators directly informed Artemidorus. Caesar, however, dismisses the letter and the result is obviously tragic. 

In my opinion, the reason Brutus is the one likely to have told Artemidorus about the plot is based on his friendship with Caesar, and that perhaps on a subconscious level he was trying to warn him himself in the hope that Caesar would learn the truth before it was too late. This supports why Brutus was so quick to dismiss swearing an oath. 

What kind of leader is Jack in Lord of the Flies?

Jack is a tyrannical leader who encourages his tribe of savages to participate in violent, immoral behavior throughout the novel Lord of the Flies. Jack uses fear and intimidation to control the members of his tribe by violently punishing individuals for seemingly no reason and perpetuating the fear of the "beast." He is opposed to any form of civility and encourages the boys to act upon their carnal desires and primitive instincts as they gradually follow his descent into barbarism. Jack also uses manipulation to control his followers by focusing their attention on Ralph and describing him as a threat to their tribe. Jack maintains absolute control over his savages and does not allow anyone to attempt to voice their opinions. Jack essentially acts like a dictator who wishes to exterminate his rivals. Throughout the novel, Jack leads his savages on several successful hunting expeditions which enhances his "alpha male" persona. He uses his accomplishments to gain the boys' respect and pleases them by holding feasts. Once the boys feel comfortable making him their leader, Jack assumes complete power and begins his reign of terror. Similar to many tyrants, Jack is unapologetic, violent, and authoritative.

What is a chapter summary of Hardy's The Woodlanders?

Chapter I.   Percomb, a barber, gets a ride from Mrs. Dollery to Little Hintock. 

Chapter II.   Percomb tries to get Marty South to sell her beautiful hair to Mrs. Charmond, but Marty refuses because she thinks her hair will be attractive to Giles Winterborne.

Chapter III.   On an errand to the timber mill, Marty hears Mr. Melbury talking about marrying off his daughter to Giles Winterborn.  This prompts Marty to go ahead and cut off her hair.  Marty will always be in love with Giles, no matter who he marries.

Chapter IV.   Melbury continues to hope Grace will marry Giles Winterborne, but admits that Giles is not high-class enough.  Melbury has Giles go and get Grace from college.

Chapter V.   En route, Giles picks Marty up so she can get to Sherton Abbas.  Later, Giles meets Grace.  Marty is forced to begin her return walking, but Mrs. Charmond picks her up. 

Chapter VI.   Giles retrieves Grace from college, but cannot rekindle the romance.  Meanwhile, Grace hears about a doctor who just moved to the area.

Chapter VII.   Grace busily gets ready for a visit to Mrs. Charmond while Giles eavesdrops. 

Chapter VIII.   Grace impresses Mrs. Charmond enough to be offered a position as “traveling companion” in Europe.  Meanwile, Giles and Marty plant trees together.

Chapter IX.   Giles tries to win Grace again at a Christmas Party, but his plan goes awry. 

Chapter X.   Giles is disgusted with himself about losing Grace.  Mr. Melbury is happy that his daughter will not marry Giles. 

Chapter XI.   Mr. Melbury relates his promise to Giles’ father to have his son marry Mr. Melbury’s daughter.  Mr. Melbury feels guilty about not allowing the marriage, but wants Grace’s education to be worth more.

Chapter XII.   Mr. Melbury no longer allows Giles and Grace to see each other.  Mrs. Charmond prepares to leave for Europe as Marty’s father is on his death bed.

Chapter XIII.   Giles prunes a tree for John South while Grace breaks off the relationship.  Mrs. Charmond leaves for Europe alone. 

Chapter XIV.   John South’s tree is cut down.  The stress of that knowledge kills him. 

Chapter XV.   Giles loses his house to Mrs. Charmond.  Grace begins to be interested in Giles just as he is willing to accept the relationship is over.

Chapter XVI.   Giles rides with Dr. Fitzpiers, but does not reveal much about Grace. 

Chapter XVII.   Grammer Oliver gets sick and tells Grace to cancel the deal with Dr. Fitzpiers:  Grammer has sold her brain for ten pounds.  Dr. Fitzpiers is bored in this small town.

Chapter XVIII.   Fitzpiers cancels the deal and uses a microscope to expose John South’s brain.

Chapter XIX.   Fitzpiers becomes Grace’s admirer and helps her find her purse. 

Chapter XX.   During “Midsummer’s Eve,” Fitzpiers woos Grace, but pursues Suke Damson and sleeps with her.

Chapter XXI.   A stranger meets Giles and wants to see Mrs. Charmond. 

Chapter XXII.   Melbury allows Fitzpiers to court Grace, due only to his occupation and breeding

Chapter XXIII.   Grace accepts Fitzpiers’ proposal, but her social status is kept quiet.

Chapter XXIV.   Grace catches Fitzpiers secretly sleeping with Suke Damson.  Fitzpiers claims it is a dental emergency.  Grace marries Fitzpiers.

Chapter XXV.   Grace sees Giles after her honeymoon and becomes upset.  Grace and Fitzpiers set up house with her parents, but refuse social events with them.  The doctor is called to Mrs. Charmond due to a supposed carriage injury.

Chapter XXVI.   The carriage injury is a ruse.  Mrs. Charmond wants to see if Fitzpiers is a former acquaintance from Heidelberg. 

Chapter XXVII.   Fitzpiers decides to stay longer due to Mrs. Charmond’s interest.  Mrs. Charmond begins to feel for Giles. 

Chapter XXVIII.   Grace catches Fitzpiers returning from a rendezvous with Mrs. Charmond. 

Chapter XXIX.   Grace finds out the truth about Fitzpiers and ends the relationship by moving back in with her parents.  Mr. Melbury wishes he had allowed Grace to marry Giles

Chapter XXX.   Grace decides she really loves Giles. 

Chapter XXXI.   Mr. Melbury talks to Giles about spying on Fitzpiers and about the wish for Giles to marry Grace. 

Chapter XXXII.   Mr. Melbury asks Mrs. Charmond to make friends with Grace to stop the rumors about Fitzpiers.

Chapter XXXIII.   Grace secretly meets with Mrs. Charmond and warns her about Fitzpiers.  Mrs. Charmond admits her involvement.

Chapter XXXIV.   Grace gets sick, but Dr. Fitzpiers doesn’t help her.  Meanwhile, Mr. Melbury rescues Fitzpiers when he is thrown from his horse.

Chapter XXXV.   Fitzpiers gets drunk and tells Mr. Melbury he would rather have married Mrs. Charmond.  Mr. Melbury gets mad and pushes Fitzpiers off the horse.  All of Fitzpiers’ female admirers gather, but they do not get to see him.

Chapter XXXVI.   Instead, Mrs. Charmond hides Fitzpiers in her attic and he decides to leave the area.

Chapter XXXVII.   Fitzpiers and Mrs. Charmond leave Hintock together with plans for a future.  Mr. Melbury makes plans for his daughters divorce from Fitzpiers and remarriage to Giles.

Chapter XXXVIII.   Giles and Grace reestablish their relationship while Giles still makes social errors.

Chapter XXXIX.   The divorce is not granted, but Giles and Grace have already kissed.

Chapter XL.   Fitzpiers asks Grace to come to France with him.  Mr. Melbury thinks she should.  Grace disagrees.  Grace flees to Giles.

Chapter XLI.   Grace hides in Giles’ cottage.  Giles, even though he is sick, stays in a small shed unprotected from the elements. 

Chapter XLII.   Giles gets close to death and needs a doctor.  The only possible doctor is Fitzpiers.

Chapter XLIII.   Giles dies. Fitzpiers admits that Mrs. Charmond has also died.  Grace goes back home. 

Chapter XLIV.   Grace visits Giles’ grave.  Fitzpiers realizes that Grace and Giles remained celibate.

Chapter XLV.   Fitzpiers asks for Grace to come back to him.  Even Mr. Melbury says, “No.” 

Chapter XLVI.   Grace remains true to Giles.  Suke’s beau, Tom Tangs, wants to get back at Fitzpiers.

 Chapter XLVII.   Tangs tries to trap Fitzpiers, but catches Grace instead.  Fitzpiers does not give up trying to get Grace back. 

Chapter XLVIII.   Grace finally gives in and goes back to Fitzpiers.  Now it is Marty who tends to Giles’ grave.  Marty is now connected to her lover in this way:  through his death.

What term directly applies to the total amount of kinetic energy of a sample of matter and is dependent on the amount of matter present in the sample?

The kinetic energy of a body is given by the following expression:

Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv^2

where m is the mass of the body and v is its velocity.

As we can see from the expression, kinetic energy of a body is a function of its mass and velocity.

Mass of a body is the amount of matter contained in the body. This is a quantity that remains fixed wherever we go, as long as the amount of matter stays the same. Note that mass is different from weight of a body. The weight is the force with which Earth attracts the body and is given as the product of mass and acceleration due to gravity.

Velocity of a body is the rate of change of position or, dx/dt. 

Thus, the term you are looking for is the mass.

Hope this helps. 

In "The Inchcape Rock" by Robert Southey, how does the character of Sir Ralph the Rover compare to that of the abbot?

In the poem, the Abbot of Aberbrothok has attached a bell to a buoy to warn sailors of the perilous Inchcape Rock. When mariners hear the bell, they know that they have the abbot to thank for their lives.

In the meantime, Sir Ralph the Rover is a pirate who appears to be completely unlike the abbot. The poem tells us that when Sir Ralph feels the 'cheering power of spring,' it makes him sing and whistle. However, his heart is 'mirthful to excess' and his mirth is 'wickedness.' The pirate is happy when he can commit wicked acts; the spring inspires him not to good works but to acts of sabotage.

Sir Ralph commands his men to row him over to the Inchcape Rock so that he can cut the bell from the 'Inchcape Float.' He is gleeful as he performs this dastardly act, announcing that 'The next who comes to the Rock, / Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.' Sir Ralph is unrepentant as he sails away to plunder among the high seas. Soon after he has 'grown rich with plunder’d store,' he then 'steers his course for Scotland’s shore.'

However, because of the stormy sea, Sir Ralph and his men cannot tell where the shore is. Sir Ralph desperately wishes that he could hear the Inchcape Bell. His wish is not answered, of course, as he was the one who has cut the bell from its buoy. The irony is complete when Sir Ralph's vessel dashes itself against the Inchcape Rock; as the ship sinks, Sir Ralph tears his hair and curses in despair. So, while the abbot's chief aim in life appears to be to bring comfort and hope to others, Sir Ralph lived to cause others pain. As a pirate, he excelled in the arts of plunder and mayhem; his actions brought others woe, while the abbot's unselfish actions saved many lives.

In which ways does Scrooge's character change throughout the five staves of the novel? What way does his character feel in each stave after the...

From the very first visit by Jacob Marley, Scrooge, in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, is beginning to change. With each of the ghosts, he becomes more and more afraid of what lies before him in the afterlife and more determined to change. When Jacob Marley visits, Scrooge has a lot of questions for him. Scrooge is surprised when Marley tells him he (Marley) regrets the things he did in life, and Scrooge says,

"But you were always a good man of business, Jacob" (Dickens 23),

as though that was what counted in life, but Marley counters with, "Business! Mankind was my business" (Dickens 23).

At the end of Stave I, when Marley tells Scrooge he will be haunted by three ghosts, Scrooge says he would rather not, but Marley makes him understand that through these visits, Scrooge has a chance of avoiding Marley's fate. Scrooge is tempted to use his usual rejoinder, "Humbug," but stops himself, which, in itself, shows progress already.

The Ghost of Christmas Past in the second stave reminds Scrooge of his younger life--of the joys and sorrows, of the love he once felt for others, and by the end of this stave, he is exhausted and saddened, and he realizes he put material wealth over once important relationships.

The Ghost of Christmas Present shows him Bob Cratchit's family and how, even though Scrooge pays his worker, Bob, so little, the family is happy and loving. Bob even toasts Scrooge in spite of his selfishness and greed. This stave finds Scrooge very humbled and on the verge of change.

Finally, the last spirit--the Ghost of Christmas Future--seals the deal by showing Scrooge his own end--his death all alone with nobody to mourn him. By the time this ghost is gone, Scrooge is a completely changed man. He wakes up to Christmas and realizes that he has been given a second chance. He is not about to blow this chance.

"'I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future!' Scrooge repeated, as he scrambled out of bed. 'The spirits of all three shall strive within me. O Jacob Marley! Heaven and the Christmastime be praised for this! I say it on my knees, old Jacob, on my knees!' He was so fluttered and so glowing with his good intentions that his broken voice would scarcely answer to his call. He had been sobbing violently in his conflict with the Spirit, and his face was wet with tears" (Dickens 113).

Scrooge spends the rest of his days making up for his past, becoming a generous boss and man, becoming like an uncle to Bob Cratchit's children. His metamorphosis is complete.

What does the narrator mean by saying that the Vietnam and Iraq Wars are "TV wars"?

I'm not sure what text you are asking about, but I certainly agree with the narrator's statement. It sounds like the narrator is commenting on how highly televised the Iraq and Vietnam Wars were. The Vietnam War was the first war to be regularly and extensively broadcast on television. Previously, people who were not on the front lines of military conflict only learned about the war through letters, newspapers, radio programming, and perhaps a photograph. It was really revolutionary that so soon after televisions became a common household appliance in the United States, these devices could be used to show people at home the kind of conflict their nation was engaged in. We can consider that there were both positive and negative affects from this. Televising the war certainly made people on the home front more aware of the realities of war, but it may have served to desensitize the American public to the violence they were seeing.

The Iraq War was similarly highly televised, but this has received much criticism in years past. Some people feel that the televising of the Iraq War was not intended to give the general public the facts. Instead, it has been argued that what viewers at home saw on their television sets was a propagandized version of the war intended to justify the conflict and inspire nationalist sentiment among the American people.

What these two wars have in common is not limited to their being made available on television on a regular basis, but that people relied on such broadcasted information to form opinions on how they related to those conflicts.

What is an example of allusion in Romeo and Juliet, Act III, scene I?

In Act 3, scene 1, Tybalt goes searching for Romeo, angry that he had come to the Capulets' big party the night before.  He challenges Romeo to fight him, but Romeo declines to do it because he is now married to Juliet, which makes Tybalt his relative as well.  After Romeo repeatedly refuses to engage violently with his new cousin, Mercutio steps in because he feels that Romeo is behaving submissively and dishonorably.  Mercutio and Tybalt fight, and Tybalt kills Mercutio.  Then, in anger, Romeo kills Tybalt.  After this, Romeo cries, "O, I am Fortune's fool!" (3.1.142).  Here, he alludes to the Roman goddess, Fortuna, who was considered to be the personification of luck.  She was believed to control the fates of human beings in a whimsical way.  When Romeo says this, he means that he is the goddess's fool, her plaything, that cursing him with terrible luck is a source of entertainment for her.

In the essay "Salvation" by Langston Hughes how does Hughes recount the revival meeting he attended?

In "Salvation," Hughes tells us about the revival meeting through the voice of his 13-year-old, or almost 13-year-old, self. Throughout the essay he stays tightly within this 13-year-old point-of-view.

He expresses this perspective through several different tools, including the repetition of exclamation points: "My aunt told me that when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside! And Jesus came into your life! And God was with you from then on!" Through these almost ridiculous exclamatory phrases, Hughes shows us the degree to which the beliefs of his aunt and his own naive enthusiasm influenced him at the time. Hughes also says, "So I sat there calmly in the hot, crowded church, waiting for Jesus to come to me," showing us how his 13-year-old self took these religious teachings quite literally.

Later Hughes describes the patience with which he "kept waiting serenely for Jesus..." Hughes writes, "I wanted to see him, but nothing happened to me. Nothing! I wanted something to happen to me, but nothing happened." As Hughes describes the sobbing of his aunt and the cries of the congregation, who are all waiting for him to be "saved," the scene becomes more and more ridiculous. Because we as his audience understand that Jesus isn't going to literally appear before him, this scene becomes quite funny, and slightly sad. It's a powerful depiction of the ways that adults and adult religions can influence children. It's also a powerful depiction of an important moment of understanding in Hughes's life, a moment of disillusionment when he sheds the remnants of boyhood and stops believing in Jesus, and perhaps also in the adults around him.

In Langston Hughes' short story "Thank You, M'am," how does the setting of Ms. Jones' home--her furnished room, the gas plate, the ten-cent cake,...

Langston Hughes' short story “Thank You, M'am” is a lot like his poetry, nothing pretentious or overdone, just good straightforward writing that paints a picture of ordinary people trying to find meaning in their lives.

Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones has quite a name for a down-to-earth woman. When she apprehends young Roger in the act of trying to steal her purse, she drags him back to her apartment. Like many good writers, Hughes then uses this setting to characterize his protagonist.

The details you mention, the gas plate, the ten-cent cake, the fact that the apartment is furnished, all point to the fact that Mrs. Jones is a woman of limited means. Her financial situation makes her subsequent generosity with Roger more meaningful. Despite that fact that she doesn't have much, she's willing to give food, and ten dollars, to a kid who tried to rob her. This is no small act of kindness on her part.

The reader can easily imagine that Mrs. Jones' lifestyle is austere. She probably has few possessions, and what she does have is not particularly valuable. But, like the name she goes by, she is a big person in other ways.

Why is General Zaroff's island called "Ship-Trap Island"?

General Zaroff's island has been named "Ship-Trap Island" because a significant number of ships tend to wind up running into the island's rocky shores.  It is as if the island somehow can lure and trap ships and sailors.  

There is a legitimate reason for why so many ships are drawn to the island though.  General Zaroff explains to Rainsford that he intentionally tricks the ships into thinking they have safe passage through a channel.  As General Zaroff is taking Rainsford on a tour of his home, Zaroff turns on some electric lights that are located in the island's waters.  The lights indicate that a channel is present where there is actually no such channel.  The false channel lights indicate safe passage to ships; however, when a ship attempts passage, the ship runs itself into the island's rocky shore.  The ship is torn apart, and the sailors are then captured by Zaroff to participate in his sadistic game. 

"Watch! Out there!" exclaimed the general, pointing into the night. Rainsford's eyes saw only blackness, and then, as the general pressed a button, far out to sea Rainsford saw the flash of lights.

The general chuckled. "They indicate a channel," he said, "where there's none; giant rocks with razor edges crouch like a sea monster with wide-open jaws. They can crush a ship as easily as I crush this nut."