Critically examine these lines: "...if a European woman went through bazaars alone somebody would probaly spit betel juice over her dress."

This line demonstrates what Orwell describes as an "aimless, petty...anti-European feeling" among the people of imperial Burma. Orwell says that the Burmese people do not openly riot or resist English rule, but rather engage in what he characterizes as rather sullen, day-to-day resistance. Orwell's narrator describes another incident in which the crowd jeered him after a Burmese player tripped him in a football match. Incidents like this show that the Burmese people view the English as oppressors, holding them in contempt. Of course, when the elephant storms through the bazaar, killing a man, Orwell is forced, he says, to shoot the beast. This is precisely because the mob demands that he do so. They expect him, as the representative of a violent system, to act violently, and there is no way he can get around it, he says, without "looking a fool." In a way, he has to live according to the worst expectations of the Burmese people, expectations that are expressed by the quote referenced in this question.

How do the issues and problems of present-day American society relate to the dystopian society in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451?

Many of the issues and problems with the dystopian society in Ray Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 are similar to those experienced in modern-day America. Similar to Mildred's addiction to sleeping pills, reliance on prescription medication is a serious issue in America. Millions of people rely on psychiatric medication and mood stabilizers to palliate their depression and anxiety. Also, both societies share an unhealthy affinity for violence and entertainment. In the novel, citizens are violent and watch television via "parlor wall" TVs. In present day America, cities like Chicago have experienced dramatic increases in homicides and violent crimes. Also, televisions are becoming even larger, and Samsung has recently released a 170 inch TV! American citizens are constantly surrounded by annoying advertisements similar to Denham’s Dentifrice in the novel. Our population is also experiencing the commercialization of religion as well. Santa and the Easter Bunny have seemed to replace Jesus Christ during the holidays, and Biblical stories have become popular movies recently. Both societies have citizens who struggle with short attention spans and wish to have information condensed. American politics are similar to those in the novel, and there is a vast number of uninformed voters who are only concerned with politicians' appearances.

What uses did The Chang Jiang River of China have for its' ancient civilizations ?

The Chang Jiang River is the longest river in Asia and one of the top three longest rivers in the world. Currently, the river is important to a vast number of China’s economic activities such as farming and fishing. The river also facilitates industrialization and energy production in the country.

During the ancient civilization period, the river provided an opportunity for the region to improve it economy. Agriculture was traditionally practiced along the river, but the introduction of advanced irrigation systems improved productivity.

The river was also essential for transport and connected different cities and regions, however, navigating the rough waters made it dangerous. Traveling was halted for a period of time in a year when the river was considered extremely dangerous.

The difficulties in navigating the river also made it the best location for a boundary. Chang Jiang marked the border between South and North China. Battles were also fought along the river between the different dynasties that were established at the time.

What is the setting of Oedipus Rex?

The setting of Oedipus Rex is the steps in front of the royal palace at Thebes.  This play adheres to Aristotle's unity of place, meaning that all the action takes place in just one setting; his unity of subject, meaning that there is just one main story and not little stories of lesser importance in addition to the main one; and his unity of time, meaning that all the action takes place within a 24-hour frame.  Oedipus first meets the Chorus out on the steps, and they are bemoaning the terrible state of things in Thebes when the play begins.  Oedipus has already sent Creon, his brother-in-law, to the oracle at Delphi, and Creon returns (during the play) in order to report what the oracle has said.  Anything that does not occur on the steps, such as Jocasta's eventual suicide, which takes place indoors, must be reported by a messenger, and anyone who is needed to corroborate a story or provide details must be brought to the palace steps to speak.

How are the stories of Tom Robinson and Boo Radley brought together at the end of To Kill Mockingbird?

Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are both victims of society, and at the end of the book Boo Radley defends the children from Bob Ewell.

The book ends where it begins, in some ways.  Boo Radley is a big focus of the early chapters.  Then in the middle everything is about the trial.  Although Tom Robinson is dead by the end of the book, he is the reason why Bob Ewell attacks Scout and Jem.  Ewell feels resentful that the trial showed Robinson in a more favorable light than him, and he feels that justice has not been done.

Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are both compared figuratively to birds.  Tom Robinson is accused by a white woman of rape.  Boo Radley is accused of all kinds of terrible things, like peeping in people’s windows.  People ostracize him because he is too shy to come out of his house. 

When Scout and Jem received new guns, Atticus told them it would be a sin to shoot mockingbirds.  This sentiment is expressed again by Mr. Underwood in an editorial about Tom Robinson’s death.  Robinson felt dejected when he was convicted, and decided to take his chances going over the prison fence.  He was shot.

Mr. Underwood didn’t talk about miscarriages of justice, he was writing so children could understand. Mr. Underwood simply figured it was a sin to kill cripples, be they standing, sitting, or escaping. He likened Tom’s death to the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and children … (Ch. 25) 

Scout is puzzled that Underwood would consider it a miscarriage of justice when Robinson was convicted.  However, he was innocent and everyone knew it.  Bob Ewell felt humiliated because the jury deliberated so long.  He threatened Atticus and spit in his face.  He did not feel that Robinson’s death was enough. 

When Bob Ewell attacks the children and Boo saves them, Atticus and the sheriff Heck Tate decide to say Ewell fell on his knife.  Scout understands that they are trying to protect Boo Radley from everyone getting involved in his affairs. 

“Scout,” he said, “Mr. Ewell fell on his knife. Can you possibly understand?”

... “Yes sir, I understand,” I reassured him. “Mr. Tate was right.”

Atticus disengaged himself and looked at me. “What do you mean?”

“Well, it’d be sort of like shootin‘ a mockingbird, wouldn’t it?” (Ch. 30) 

Scout realizes that Boo Radley doesn’t like attention, and everyone in the neighborhood would be bugging him if they knew he was a hero.  It would be an invitation for people to re-engage in Boo’s life, when he would rather leave them out.  He is not a monster, but he is shy.

Both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson are good people.  They want nothing more than to help others.  They are different, and so people do not understand them.  Tom Robinson faces racism because of the color of his skin, and Boo Radley faces isolation due to his troubled past.

Why was the Declaration of Independence written ?

The Declaration of Independence was written mainly to persuade people that the Patriots’ cause was just and that the colonies deserved to be independent.  Thomas Jefferson and the others involved in writing and approving the Declaration wanted to persuade both foreign countries and American colonists of this idea.

Of course, one reason for the Declaration was simply to announce that the colonies were breaking away from the United Kingdom.  However, the document was meant much more to persuade than to inform.  If it had only been meant to inform, it would have been much shorter. Instead, the bulk of the Declaration is devoted to setting out the Americans’ complaints against the king and their philosophical justifications for rebelling.  All of this was meant to persuade.

The American leaders wanted to persuade both colonists and foreigners that the Patriots were in the right.  The leaders wanted and even needed to get foreigners on their side.  They hoped that foreign countries would recognize their independence and would perhaps pressure the British to let the colonies go.  If the colonists had to fight a war, they wanted foreign countries to help them fight that war. 

The leaders also wanted to persuade American colonists.  Not all colonists supported independence.  Scholars estimate that only about one-third of colonists were firmly in favor of independence while equal numbers were against independence and neutral.  The leaders of the independence movement wanted to get as many colonists as possible on their side so that they would have a better chance of defeating the British government.

Thus, the Declaration of Independence was written mainly to persuade colonists and foreigners to support the Patriots’ efforts to achieve independence.

What are the negative and positive effects of peace?

If you are referring to peace as the absence of war, there are not many negative aspects.  The one positive effect of war, which is a negative effect of peace, is that war tends to spur the economy.  War is very good for business.  War creates jobs, because you need to manufacture weapons and employ people to do the actual fighting.  On the other hand, that is hardly worth the lives that are lost in fighting the wars.  After the war is over, the loss of life hurts the economy in the long run.

The positive effect of peace is that people can focus on creative endeavors.  The economy can thrive in peacetime too.  The greatest benefit of peace is that people are not afraid for their lives and people are not losing their lives fighting one another.  This benefits the economy because they are then contributing citizens.

Wars are usually fought defending ideology or territory or in pursuit of enhancing a country’s territory.  Whatever the country seeks to gain, in the long run it is not worth it.  Mankind would be much better off if there were less fighting.

Why were some Americans not in favor of women's equality?

The simple answer to your question is that many people are afraid of change, especially when that change results in an upset of traditional power structures, in this case, patriarchy, or male dominance.

Americans are not alone in some showing resistance have against the advancements of women. Sexism and misogyny exist all over the world. Since your question is in the past tense, I will assume that you are talking about the advances women made during the first-wave feminist movement of the mid-nineteenth to early-twentieth centuries, when they gained the right to suffrage, as well as the second-wave movement of the late-1960s and 1970s when women made gains in terms of reproductive rights, education, and employment.

Because American society has historically been composed of certain groups being dominant while other groups are implicitly subordinate, it is difficult for many people to consider a society in which everyone has equal access to opportunity and resources. Therefore, when women demand "equal pay for equal work," many choose to hear that as women possibly taking away from their financial gains.

Hillary Clinton recently told a story about taking her law school entrance exam in the late 1960s with a few female friends and classmates. The young women sat in a room full of men who jeered at them. One even yelled out that if one of the young women took his place, he would be sent off to Vietnam. There was a sense of entitlement in his statement of "my place." 

Resistance to women's reproductive access is more morally complicated, frequently with religious authorities weighing in. However, here, too, there is a fear of women moving too far out of their traditional roles as wives and mothers. Women who are not limited to the home become competitors at school and in the workplace. They also become less sexually accessible to a single man, which upends traditional monogamy a bit.

`int_0^(pi/2) cos(t)/(sqrt(1 + sin^2(t))) dt` Evaluate the integral

You need to perform the following substitution to solve the integral `sin t = u => cos t dt = du => t = arcsin u`

`int_0^(pi/2) (cos t dt)/(sqrt(1 + sin^2 t)) = int_(u_1)^(u_2) (du)/(sqrt(1 + u^2) = ln(u + sqrt(u^2+1))|_(u_1)^(u_2)`

Replacing back u for t yields:

`int_0^(pi/2) (cos t dt)/(sqrt(1 + sin^2 t)) = ln(sin t + sqrt(1 + sin^2 t))|_0^(pi/2)`

`int_0^(pi/2) (cos t dt)/(sqrt(1 + sin^2 t)) = ln(sin (pi/2) + sqrt(1 + sin^2 (pi/2))) - ln(sin (0) + sqrt(1 + sin^2 0))`

` int_0^(pi/2) (cos t dt)/(sqrt(1 + sin^2 t)) = ln(1 + sqrt2) - ln(0 + 1)`

` int_0^(pi/2) (cos t dt)/(sqrt(1 + sin^2 t)) = ln(1 + sqrt2) - ln 1`

` int_0^(pi/2) (cos t dt)/(sqrt(1 + sin^2 t)) = ln(1 + sqrt2) - 0`

` int_0^(pi/2) (cos t dt)/(sqrt(1 + sin^2 t)) = ln(1 + sqrt2)`

Hence, evaluating the definite integral yields  `int_0^(pi/2) (cos t dt)/(sqrt(1 + sin^2 t)) = ln(1 + sqrt2).`

Were the SALT treaties effective in reducing the number of nuclear weapons?

The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were two treaties that had the shared goal of ending the arms race between the U.S. and Soviet Union. Due to a number of factors, the treaties did not succeed in reducing the number of nuclear weapons possessed by either country.

The first SALT talks began in 1967 under the administrations of President Johnson in the United States and Premier Kosygin in the Soviet Union. The idea for talks was born out of U.S. intelligence reports that suggested the Soviet Union was building an Anti-Ballistic Missile system to shoot down incoming American nuclear missiles. Johnson, believing that the system would bring the U.S. and Soviet Union closer to war, met Kosygin in 1967 to propose that both sides limit the construction of new nuclear weapons.

After over two years of negotiations, the U.S. and Soviet Union ratified SALT I in 1972. This represented the first time that both sides of the Cold War had come to an agreement concerning nuclear weapons. Though a powerful and important achievement, the treaty did not reduce nuclear stockpiles, but limited the construction of new Anti-Ballistic Missile systems.

Throughout the 1970s, the U.S. and Soviet Union continued negotiations in the hopes of ratifying SALT II. The goal of SALT II was to reduce nuclear stockpiles and the number of nuclear missiles deployed by both countries. Though it seemed that both sides had reached an agreement in 1974, neither country could agree upon the exact number of warheads to destroy. This roadblock, along with issues concerning nuclear armed bombers and multiple re-entry warheads, caused a five-year delay in negotiations.

In 1979, the U.S. and Soviet Union finalized the SALT II treaty. It seemed as if the two countries would finally reduce their nuclear stockpiles. President Jimmy Carter signed the treaty that year, but due to opposition in the Senate, the treaty was never ratified. Carter pulled his support for the treaty after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979. The policies of disarmament that SALT II represented were subsequently cast aside during the presidency of Ronald Reagan.

What is a summary of Chapter Twelve of Marc Reisner's Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water?

Chapter Twelve of Marc Reisner's scathing indictment of the development of the American West, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water, is titled "Things Fall Apart." That choice of a title pretty well summarizes the content of the chapter. Having taken the reader along for a centuries-old history of the region's "discovery" by European imperialists (mainly the Spanish) and the millennia-old occupation of these lands by what are now called Native Americans, and having provided copious details of the failure of successive governments over those centuries to properly manage and regulate the exploitation of the region's natural resources, Reisner now, in the book's final chapter, provides a sort of wrap-up of his history. In order to do this, he reiterates the failure of those of European ancestry, in stark contrast to the indigenous tribes that occupied the land for centuries before the Europeans' arrival, to adapt to the inherent limitations of the land. It is in Chapter Twelve that Reisner provides his exceedingly pessimistic outlook for the region's future, much of the water needed to sustain the region's growth having been largely wasted for so many years. 

Reisner begins Chapter Twelve with a brief description of the Ogallala Aquifer, the vast expanse of land that begins in southern South Dakota and that stretches to the arid region of West Texas. Describing the experience of driving that expanse, and observing the seemingly endless series of flat plains on which are grown corn, sorghum, alfalfa, wheat, and cotton, the latter a particularly water-intensive crop, Reisner reminds the reader of the systemic misuse of this land by the United States throughout its history. A large part of the problem that condemns this region to a dismal future, Reisner suggests, is the role of capitalist economics in its development. The resources natural to the American West have historically been exploited according to economic factors, including interest rates and commodity prices established in remote financial centers. Throughout this chapter, as in the preceding chapters, the author emphasizes the long-term ramifications of treating the region's natural resources, especially water, which is, obviously, vital to every living creature, as artificial constructs designed to facilitate the growth of industries like mining and large-scale farming alien to a region where water is such a precious commodity.

Throughout his book, and again in Chapter Twelve, Reisner has emphasized the role of irrigation in developing the region economically. Irrigation, he points out, is essential for sustaining such large-scale agricultural activities, but it, again, was an alien concept introduced into the arid region for the purpose of facilitating the development of industries not native to the region. Reisner does not condemn the introduction of irrigation so much as conclude that its massive incorporation into the American West, rather than being gradually introduced in a more environmentally-sustainable manner, destroyed the region's long-term potential. Again, the economics of the situation provided the foundation for the scale of the disaster that is developing, but political considerations even trumped economics as a destructive force. As he wrote in this chapter,

"[T]he states had begged the government to build them dams for irrigation, and they had lobbied to keep the price of water artificially low, arguing that agriculture was the only stability they had. The opportunity for economic stability offered by the world's largest aquifer, however, was squandered for immediate gain. The only inference one can draw is that the states felt confident that when they ran out of water, the rest of the country would be willing to rescue them."

Deputy Chief of Planning for the Bureau of Reclamation Jim Casey serves in this chapter as, in Reisner's words, the Cassandra, having spent his tenure in government warning of the perils of unsustainable agricultural use and economic development. Casey, Reisner points out, was alone within the department he served in correctly foreseeing the dangers of manipulating the land through the use of dams and irrigation systems, but his warnings would be ignored. Unlike most, Casey saw an eventual end to the water supplies that sustained the region's growth. The culture of Texas, in particular, Reisner argued, remained painfully ignorant of the fragility of the land on which the politically-powerful state was built, and the author's reference to Texas' plans to reroute the Mississippi River as a means of compensating for the exhaustion of natural water supplies serves as the book's final epitaph. 

what ideas where present in Thomas Paine's work, Rights of Man?

In Rights of Man, published in 1791, Thomas Paine argues in favor of political revolutions in societies where people feel that their natural rights are not adequately protected by the government. The text was written in support of the French Revolution, particularly to refute conservative scholar Edmund Burke's condemnation of the revolution. Paine opposes Burke's position that a hereditary nobility is necessary to ensure stability for the lower class majority, and argues that ability to govern cannot be proven hereditary. Additionally, Paine refutes Burke's reliance on the monarchy by arguing that each generation should have the right to structure its government and leadership in a way that they feel most accurately protects their rights. Paine utilizes the Enlightenment philosophical tenet of natural rights, or the set of inalienable rights that all people should have the ability to access. The concept of natural rights opposes absolute monarchy, and instead favors the use of democracy and social contract.

What ideas would be most worthy to share in a literary discussion about The Giver Chapters 22-23?

At the end of the book, we are not sure what happened to Jonas and Gabe.  A literary discussion could look at the textual evidence to support what you think happened.

This book has an ambiguous ending.  That means that we do not really get a clear answer about what the ending means.  There are two ways you can interpret it, at least.  On the one hand, it might seem that Jonas and Gabe survived their journey and were rescued when Jonas came to a house in Elsewhere.  On the other hand, you could interpret the ending as Jonas’s death, with Elsewhere representing death or Heaven.

In support of the first ending is the fact that Jonas has maintained his strength through the memories, which would have held him longer than an ordinary person.  That is the novel’s science fiction bent.  You could say that there must be communities other than Jonas’s that do not necessarily subscribe to Sameness. Otherwise, why would the community try to keep everyone there?

Consider the sled as evidence that Jonas is really alive.

Using his final strength, and a special knowledge that was deep inside him, Jonas found the sled that was waiting for them at the top of the hill. Numbly his hands fumbled for the rope.  (Ch. 23) 

When Jonas finds the sled, he knows what it is from the memories.  This does not have to be a coincidence.  During his training, Jonas experienced hundreds or thousands of memories. He probably has a reference point for everything or almost everything he might encounter.

However, there also does seem to be evidence to support the fact that the sled is just an illusion that Jonas is experiencing in his starvation and hypothermia.  Did he travel far enough?  Would there really be some communities with Sameness and some without?  These do seem to stretch the suspension of disbelief.

Jonas describes himself as losing consciousness as he goes on the sled, and then he hears people singing.  This might have been just wishful thinking.  Even Jonas does not seem sure that what he hears is real.

Behind him, across vast distances of space and time, from the place he had left, he thought he heard music too. But perhaps it was only an echo. (Ch. 23) 

The ending you choose depends on your reading of the rest of the book and your interpretation of these events. Of course, if your teacher allows it you could also mention that there are three loose sequels.  That would seem to support Jonas and Gabe’s survival.

What sarcastic remark does Ralph have in response to what Simon says in Chapter 7?

At the beginning of Chapter 7, Ralph peers out into the vast Pacific Ocean on the far side of the island and is filled with a feeling of hopelessness. Ralph wishes that he could go home but highly doubts that he will ever be rescued. As Ralph ponders about the impossibility of being rescued, Simon walks up behind him and says, "You'll get back to where you came from" (Golding 159). Initially, Ralph is confused as to what Simon is talking about, but after Simon repeats himself, Ralph makes a sarcastic remark by saying, "Got a ship in your pocket?" (Golding 159). Ralph then looks at Simon and says that he is "batty." Despite the fact that Ralph thinks that Simon is odd and weird, he is encouraged by Simon's optimism. Simon's comment also foreshadows Ralph's eventual rescue at the end of the novel. Shortly after Simon tells Ralph that he will make it home, the group of boys head out on a hunting expedition. 

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, what is important about the testimony of the first witness at Tom Robinson's trial, Sheriff Heck Tate?

In Chapter 17 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Sheriff Heck Tate's testimony during cross-examination is very revealing and helps Atticus discredit both Ewells as reliable witnesses, especially Bob Ewell.

During cross-examination, one thing Atticus gets Sheriff Tate to reveal is that a doctor was not summoned to examine Mayella the night of the alleged crime. When Atticus asks Sheriff Tate, "But you didn't call a doctor? While you were [at the Ewells' home] did anyone send for one, fetch one, carry her to one?," Sheriff Tate answers in the negative to all of the above. This is extremely important because, in the US court of law, a defendant cannot be tried for a crime if no concrete evidence exists to prove the crime actually took place. We call this principle corpus delicti, which translates from the Latin to mean "body of the crime." For example, no one can be tried for murder if a body is not found to prove a murder actually took place, and no one can be tried for theft unless it can be proven something was actually stolen. Likewise, no one can be tried for rape unless it can be proven that a rape actually took place, and a doctor's examination serves as crucial evidence. Therefore, through cross-examination Sheriff Tate's testimony reveals that Tom Robinson had been imprisoned and is being tried illegally.

The second piece of crucial evidence Atticus gets Sheriff Tate to reveal upon cross-examination is that Mayella Ewell had been bruised in her right eye. Sheriff Tate at first can't remember which of her eyes was bruised, but after deliberation, he finally says, "It was her right eye, Mr. Finch. I remember now, she was bunged up on that side of her face ..." (Ch. 17). Even Sheriff Tate realizes the significance of his statement: only a left-handed person would have been able to hit Mayella in her right eye while she was facing her attacker; Tom Robinson has been crippled in both his left arm and hand since he was a boy.

Hence, as we can see, Sheriff Tate's testimony reveals crucial evidence proving Robinson's innocence, despite the jury's verdict.

Who is the protagonist in Toni Cade Bambara's story "Raymond's Run"?

Squeaky is the protagonist of "Raymond's Run" because she is the main character who undergoes some conflict and change in attitude.

As the narrator, Squeaky mentions her antagonists as Gretchen, against whom she competes for a medal on May Day at the local park, and Cynthia Proctor, who wins the spelling bees, but pretends that she does not study. Another one is Mary Louise Williams, who mocks Raymond's mental handicap. 

Squeaky undergoes changes in her attitudes after the race. Her feelings toward Gretchen and toward Raymond both are altered. As she sprints along, Squeaky sees Raymond on the other side of the fence with his arms stretched behind him and his palms upward much in the manner in which geese run with their necks stretched and wings straight behind them. She is absolutely amazed at his skill. After the race, she narrates, "...it occurred to me that Raymond would make a very fine runner."

Also at the end of the race, after Squeaky races across the finish line, she leans over to catch her breath, and she notices Gretchen, who has also overshot the finish line. "I sort of like her a little for the first time," Squeaky immediately remarks. Later, after Gretchen is given second place, Squeaky indicates to Gretchen her change of heart:

....And I smile. Cause she's good, no doubt about it. Maybe she'd like to help me coach Raymond.

Clearly, Squeaky is the protagonist of "Raymond's Run" since she changes her opinions of both Gretchen and Raymond. Now, she realizes that they are richer in heart and talent than she had previously thought.

How does Atticus help the townspeople in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

Atticus helps the townspeople by being their advocate for law and morality in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird.

One way in which Atticus serves as an advocate for both law and morality is through his decision to defend Tom Robinson. As Atticus explains to his brother in Chapter 9, he had hoped to progress through his career without having to deal with a case that is doomed to failure due to racial prejudices, yet when Judge Taylor assigned him to the case, Atticus knew he was morally obligated to take it because he knows all charged with a crime are entitled to the best defense possible and to be considered innocent until proven guilty. He also knows he is morally obligated because no concrete evidence exists to legitimately convict Robinson. As Atticus explains to his brother, "The only thing we've got is a black man's word against the Ewells'. The evidence boils down to you-did--I-didn't" (Ch. 9). More importantly, Atticus is defending Robinson despite objections raised by the townspeople. All throughout the novel, we see that many racist townspeople assume that Robinson is guilty because they hold a prejudiced belief that all African Americans behave immorally. Hence, Atticus is acting as the voice of legal and moral reason by upholding his principles and putting his all into defending Robinson.

While Atticus's defense of Robinson does not have a significant impact on the townspeople, as evidenced by the fact that Robinson is still found guilty despite all evidence to the contrary, Robinson's defense does have a tiny impact. In Miss Maudie's opinion, the fact that the jury was out so long with its decision testifies to the small impact Atticus's defense of Robinson made. In Miss Maudie's view, the town is "making a step--it's just a baby-step, but it's a step"--towards creating a more just society; Atticus's role as Robinson's defense attorney has helped move the town to make its baby step (Ch. 22).

Despite the fact that many of the townspeople objected to Atticus's decision to truly defend Robinson, the townspeople's decision to re-elect Atticus unchallenged to the state legislature shows that Atticus has still had an impact on the townspeople by influencing both their sense of morality and their sense of justice. Scout notes in the following the peculiarity of the townspeople's re-election of Atticus, despite their protestations that Atticus is a poor father who behaved disgracefully by putting his all into defending Robinson:

There was one odd thing, though, that I never understood: in spite of Atticus's shortcomings as a parent, people were content to re-elect him to the state legislature that year, as usual, without opposition. (Ch. 26)

However, Scout is too young to see that the townspeople's decision to re-elect Atticus shows they genuinely respect him as Maycomb's most upright citizen; they are just too prideful to admit it. Hence, though Atticus has not yet helped the townspeople to rid themselves of their prejudice, he has at least impacted their views of morality and justice in a tiny way.

In what ways are the characters in "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson differentiated from one another? Looking back at the story, can you see why...

In "The Lottery," Jackson differentiates her characters based on their feelings towards the lottery. Old Man Warner, for example, is characterised by his staunch defence of the lottery, an event in which he has taken part seventy-seven times. In contrast, Mr. Adams shows some opposition to the lottery when he mentions that some towns have already ended this practice. By the end of the story, however, Mr. Adams has rediscovered his support of the lottery: he is at the front of the crowd when Tessie is stoned.

Looking back, Jackson singles out Tessie Hutchinson from the moment of her introduction to the story. She is the only person who is late to the lottery, for instance, because she is so busy with household chores:

"Clean forgot what day it was," she said to Mrs. Delacroix, who stood next to her, and they both laughed softly. "Thought my old man was out back stacking wood."

In addition, she is the only one who questions the rules of the lottery, as shown by her protest to Mr. Summers:

"You didn't give him time enough to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn't fair!"

Portrayed as a social outcast, then, Tessie is the ideal candidate to 'win' the lottery.

In Gaskell's short story "The Old Nurse's Story": How does Gaskell describe Furnivall Manor? What are the uncanny elements of this new home for...

In her short story "The Old Nurse's Story," Gaskell describes Furnivall Manor as covered with overgrown vegetation and situated in a wild park with "gnarled thorn-trees, and old oaks, all white and peeled with age." Though the wild forest was long ago cleared to make a garden, the forest has regrown so that it now overshadows the house. The interior of the house is grand in its proportions and fitted out with a bronze chandelier, oversized organ, and giant sofas, and the atmosphere is gloomy.

The description of the house, including the sense that nature is itself gloomy and demonic, is one of the supernatural, Gothic elements of the story. The portraits on the wall also seem to follow people with their eyes. Another supernatural, ghostly element of the story is the organ music that comes out of nowhere, which the servants blame on the wind in the trees. Some people claim it is the dead master playing, and the sound is described in the following way: "[It] wailed and triumphed just like a living creature." Hester, the nurse who is the narrator of the story, reacts to these frights, as well as to the temporary loss of her charge, Rosamond, with overwrought emotions: "It was bitter cold; so cold, that the air almost took the skin off my face as I ran; but I ran on, crying to think how my poor little darling must be perished and frightened." When she tries to find Rosamond outside, she battles the supernatural cold and suffers from near hysteria. When the phantom child, another Gothic element of the story, appears at the window, the organ music reaches a crescendo.

The old lord represents the typical dictatorial figure in Gothic literature. His pride creates envy and bitterness between his daughters, and his desire for revenge causes the death of his granddaughter. The moral of the story is that pride and desire for revenge lead to bad ends. This story is relevant today, as many parents still try to control their children, including who their children marry, and seek revenge if their children do not listen to them.

On which continent did the earliest farming begin?

The earliest evidence of systemic agriculture is in Asia, in the modern-day Middle East, in the so-called "Fertile Crescent" that begins in modern Iraq and arcs westward into modern-day Syria. While some isolated evidence has been found that strongly suggests people in the region were beginning to engage in plant cultivation more than 20,000 years ago, the accepted time period for the development of organized agriculture is around 11,000 B.C.E.. Within a thousand years or so of this date, agriculture developed independently in the Yellow River Valley, Central America, and the Indus River Valley, among other places. It is important to note that due to this fact, as well as the fact that the dates are so imprecise, that it is hard to say, and is really not all that meaningful to say, definitively who first developed agriculture. Indeed, there is significant disagreement over when, and where, agriculture developed. However, the development of agriculture was an event of profound importance. It paved the way for enormous changes that included the emergence of stratification, literacy, diseases, and significant technologies.

What helps power missions to the planets in space?

Missions to other planets are powered by special purpose vehicles called spacecrafts. A spacecraft is a special vehicle designed specifically for travel in space. It may be manned or unmanned. It is designed to carry special equipment tailored to meet the requirements of the voyage and the data it is meant to collect.

When a space mission is approved, a Scientific Working Group works on the essential science components of the space vehicle. Objects in the solar system are in a state of constant motion. Scientists working on the vehicle must therefore carefully work out when to launch the spacecraft and how fast it should travel in order to meet the planet it is travelling towards.

When completed, the vehicle is first tested on ground. If all goes well,the vehicle is launched on a multi-staged launch rocket at a pre-determined date, time and location (barring unfavorable weather changes). Ground control keeps in contact with the vehicle through the deep space network. Further details on the engineering and working of a spacecraft is provided in this link.

What negative reviews did The Adventures of Tom Sawyer receive?

In reading book reviews of the time period, I found three that had at least a slightly negative comment about some aspect of the novel.

• 
  Hartford Daily Times (December 20, 1876) 

(a general paraphrase) If there is any defect, it is the love scenes where a boy of Tom Sawyer's size wanders off to be an outlaw. This is a bit "overdrawn."

• 
  New York Times (January 13, 1877)

In general, at the very end of the review, the writer states he would have liked Tom Sawyer better without so much Injun Joe, murder, revenge, and the slitting of women's ears--so much violence and brutality.

• 
  Hartford Christian Secretary (May 17, 1877)

"The last few chapters are extremely sensational and ... too remarkable to be natural adventures for little boys."  The reviewer further stated that he regrets that Tom lies and smokes--but the intention of the book was not to describe a model boy.

What does it mean to give a genealogy of morality?

Nietzsche wrote On the Genealogy of Morals about the origins of the moral principles that govern Christian society. He was interested in the history of the development of modern morality, and he speaks in the Preface of his book about his early interest in "what origin our terms good and evil actually have." He faulted English psychologists of his day for what he called their lack of the "historical spirit," and he tried to trace the ways in which our current morality developed.

Therefore, to give a genealogy of morality is to trace the genesis, or origins, of our ideas about what is right and what is wrong. To provide the history of morality is to oppose the traditional Christian idea that morality comes from God. For example, in his first essay, Nietzsche argues that the concept of "good" came to be associated with nobility, while what was not good was associated with those who the nobility considered inferior. Therefore, his genealogy of morality was rooted in psychology and sociology rather than in religion. 

In "Counterparts" by Joyce, what do Mr. Alleyne’s complaints about Farrington tell us about Farrington? What is his private reaction to these...

In James Joyce's "Counterparts," Mr. Alleyne complains that Farrington always has "some excuse or another for shirking work" and that he must "[u]nderstand once and for all that you get half an hour for your lunch and not an hour and a half." Mr. Alleyne's comments about Farrington are perfectly accurate. Farrington is lazy, immature and suffers from an inferiority complex. In addition, he's not particularly bright.

These traits can be seen in Farrington's reaction to these comments. He returns to his desk for a few minutes and begins his work, but he decides he needs to escape the office and heads down to the pub for a "glass of plain porter." After returning to the office, Farrington insults Mr. Alleyne. His first reaction isn't to apologize out of concern for his job and, by extension, his family, but to head to a pawn shop to sell his watch so he could enjoy a night out. This lack of responsibility, coupled with Farrington's immaturity, prompts him to spend his money at the pub bragging about his insult to his boss. Despite being a married man, he attempts to woo a woman and then, in order to prove his masculinity, he attempts to arm wrestle a friend, but loses.

After this defeat at arm wrestling, Farrington goes home feeling "humiliated and discontented ... He cursed everything." Because of his inferiority complex and his "shirking" of responsibility, Farrington takes out his anger on his son, whom he forgot was going to be home alone that night. He beats his son for not keeping his food warm, but really because he feels the need to show his superiority over someone.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, does all the evidence Atticus presents during the trial prove Tom Robinson did not rape Mayella? Was Tom killed because...

Throughout the trial, Atticus argues Tom Robinson did not assault or rape Mayella Ewell because he was physically handicapped. In addition to Tom's handicap, Atticus points out there was no circumstantial evidence presented by the prosecution to convict Tom. Through his cross-examination of Mayella Ewell, Atticus also exposes her contradicting testimony. Atticus then suggests that Bob Ewell assaulted his daughter because he witnessed her kiss Tom, then decided to fabricate the story to cover up the fact that he beat Mayella. The location of Mayella's bruises to the right side of her face and all the way around her neck were obviously inflicted by Bob since Tom was not physically capable of causing the injuries. Unfortunately, Tom becomes the victim of racial injustice after the prejudiced jury wrongly convicts him. There was no evidence presented during the case that suggested that Tom assaulted or raped Mayella. Tom was essentially guilty before he stepped into the courtroom simply because he was a black man. The racist jury members dismiss Atticus's arguments and convict Tom because of his race. Atticus knew going into the case that Tom would not win because of the community's prejudiced beliefs. Tom's wrongful conviction depicts the hate and bitterness toward the black community of Maycomb.

How does Calvin fit in with the Murry family?

Calvin, the gangling, orange-haired, blue-eyed teenager who accompanies Meg and Charles Wallace on their journey to rescue Mr. Murray, fits in well with the Murry family, almost as if he is one of them. At their first meeting, he tells Charles Wallace and Meg that he once in awhile feels a "compulsion" to do things and that he obeys the compulsion. He had a feeling on that day that he should go over to the haunted house near the Murrys' home, and in doing so, he encountered Meg and Charles Wallace. After some initial sparring, Charles Wallace invites him to dinner, saying he wants to trust him. For Calvin, the Murrys provide a warm and nurturing environment that is different from his own large and overburdened family.

Does Neoclassicism still influence modern architecture?

Neoclassicism does still influence architecture and will continue to influence the design and understanding of buildings still to come. Neoclassicism harkens back to the Classical periods of Greek and Rome, and buildings of this style feature characteristics like columns and geometric forms. This style of architecture grew out of a reaction or distaste for the excess of Rococo design, which was rich in detail. In turn, many architectural styles have developed as interpretations of or reactions to Neoclassical style. 

As an example, let's consider a building which might be considered a reaction or rejection of Neoclassical style— Fallingwater. Neoclassical architecture is very upright, with a sturdy base, strong columns, and typically a triangular roof or the appearance thereof. This mimics the iconic temples of Greece, and government buildings all over the West bear this style. Homes built in the Neoclassical style also bear a very upright appearance, with all elements of the home contained in a neat, four-sided space. In contrast, Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater has elements which seemingly jut out at odd angles. What's more, Fallingwater was built to interact and co-exist with the surrounding environment, rather than dominate it as a Neoclassical structure might. I cannot say with any certainty that Frank Lloyd Wright had this rejection clear in his mind when he designed the structure, but his knowledge of architecture is built upon the thousands of years of design which preceded him.

In a more explicit sense, many buildings today (especially governmental) are built in the Neoclassical style in order to emulate Classical societies and their values. 

Why were the Pickwells impressed with Maniac in Jerry Spinelli's Maniac Magee?

The Pickwell kids were impressed that Maniac was running on the steel rail of the train tracks. 

Maniac goes to the Pickwell house for dinner because the Pickwells have a lot of kids, and when Mrs. Pickwell called them to dinner, Maniac came too.  During dinner, no one mentioned him.  After dinner, Mrs. Pickwell asks her kids who he was, and all of her kids thought that he had been invited by someone else.  

By the time they went to question him, Maniac was gone.  They saw him running down the railroad tracks with his book in his hand.  The manner in which he was running was very impressive. 

He was running, passing the spear field now, and the Pickwell kids had to blink and squint and shade their eyes to make sure they were seeing right -- because the kid wasn't running the cinders alongside the tracks, or the wooden ties. No, he was running - running -- where the Pickwells themselves, where every other kid, had only ever walked -- on the steel rail itself! (Ch. 6) 

This is another example of Maniac making a reputation without meaning to.  Maniac’s legend grows because he has a tendency to do extraordinary things either because he does not know about the local prejudices or because he doesn’t care.  Maniac just acts according to instinct, and everyone thinks he is amazing. 

Later, Maniac returns to answer the dinner call again.  The Pickwell kids treat him like a hero. 

This time, of course, there was a difference. He was no stranger. He was Maniac Magee, the kid who had walked barefoot through the dump near their house. The Pickwell kids cheered when he showed up and treated him like a legend in the flesh. (Ch. 40) 

Mrs. Pickwell treats Maniac like a member of the family.  She likes to take in strays for dinner.  She is just a genuinely good person.  However, being with the Pickwells makes Maniac miss the Beales, who he feels are his real family.

How was North Alabama different from Maycomb County, according to Scout in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

In Chapter 2 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, we learn that Scout's new first-grade teacher, Miss Caroline Fisher, has recently moved to Maycomb from Winston County in North Alabama. Scout notes that, upon hearing this, the children whispered among themselves for fear she may "prove to harbor her share of the peculiarities indigenous to that region."

Scout continues to explain that Winston County considers itself to be so different from the rest of Alabama that it seceded from the state of Alabama when Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861. Scout gives the following reasons for the differences between Winston County and the rest of Alabama:

North Alabama was full of Liquor Interests, Big Mules, steel companies, Republicans, professors, and other persons of no background. (Ch. 2)

Not all of Scout's comments about North Alabama can be historically supported, which shows she is probably reciting what she learned as young Scout through gossip and not speaking as the adult Jean Louise.

Historically, Winston County did not actually secede from Alabama though it proclaimed its right to and its desire to. Winston County has a very different climate and environment from the rest of Alabama, which made it difficult for cotton production in the area. Instead, the economy relied on subsistence farming (McRae, D., "Free State of Winston," Encyclopedia of Alabama). Since there were no cotton planters in Winston County, there were very few slave owners. Since slavery was not an issue in Winston County, many of its residents were Unionists. Though an overwhelming majority of Winston County residents voted for Democrat John C. Brekinridge when he ran for U.S. President, they also voted for Unionist Christopher Sheats to represent Winston County at Alabama's secession convention (McRae). Sheats "refused to sign the secession ordinance" and called for neutrality in the county (McRae). After the Civil War, Winston County's Unionists formed a strong Republican base, in contrast to the rest of Alabama's citizens, who were Democrats. The formation of the strong Republican base can account for Scout saying that the people of Winston County were Republicans.

It was at an unofficial gathering at Looney's Tavern that Unionists in Winston County proclaimed Alabama had no constitutional right to secede and declared that, if Alabama did have the right to secede, then Winston County equally had the right to secede from Alabama (McRae). Scout's reference to "Liquor Interests" may refer to the historical gathering at Looney's Tavern. However, though many Unionists in Winston County vehemently opposed the Confederates, no documentation was ever signed officially seceding the county from Alabama. 

What makes Prince Hamlet a unique character?

Hamlet is vastly different than the other characters in Shakespeare's play of the same name, largely due to his sensitive, tormented, tragic nature. He is a character who is constantly questioning the people and circumstances around him, and who is singularly obsessed with avenging his father. He doesn't seem to express normal human interests--eating, sleeping, seeking entertainment, etc.--and eschews the companionship of others. 

Hamlet is an extremely interior character, one who we only really get to know and understand through the frequent use of soliloquy throughout the text. Through this narrative style, which almost feels confessional, we learn of Hamlet's intense internal crisis: his self-doubt, constant analyzing, and wildly shifting moods. Although not universally loved by audiences who may find him frustrating, indecisive, and inept, he is easily one of the most complicated characters in the Western canon, which perhaps makes playing him such a sought-after pursuit for many actors. 

How does Miss Emily's odd behavior when her father dies foreshadow the end of the story?

When Miss Emily's father dies, she refuses to let go of his body or even to admit that he has died. When the women of the town visit to offer condolences she has "no trace of grief on her face" and tells them "that her father was not dead." This shows that she has difficulty letting go and foreshadows the fact that she will not let Homer Baron leave her. The town had thought she would marry Homer, but he has stated that he is "not a marrying man." Rather than let him leave and go back to the North, she poisons him. As she did with her father, she refuses to let go of Homer.

Furthermore, by refusing to let go of her father's body she is holding onto decay, and this foreshadows the ending of the story as it becomes evident from the indentation in the pillow and the "long strand of iron gray-hair" upon it that Emily has been lying next to the skeleton of Homer Baron. Next to Emily's pillow lies Homer Baron, whose "body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace."

Friedan states that women “got all kinds of advice from the growing armies of marriage and child guidance counselors, psychotherapists, and...

This quote, of course, is from Betty Friedan's seminal 1963 book The Feminine Mystique, and it refers to the growing number of women who felt confined and limited (to say the least) by the demands of being a housewife. Many women in the postwar era had gone to college, and the 1950s were the most affluent decade in American history. Despite, or really because, of these trends, women faced the expectation, created by the media and advertising, that they should stay in the home and be mothers and helpmeets to their husbands. Many women became bored with the drudgery and restless, and yet they were told by the media that this was not appropriate. Friedan describes this as a "problem with no name." Women had healthy children, nice homes with modern appliances, husbands with lucrative jobs, but they were still not happy. Friedan argued that this led many women to blame themselves, wondering if there was something wrong with them because they were unhappy. Her answer was that women were only after a normal, fulfilling, life--one which was closed to housewives who really had to live as what she called "mindless drudges." 

The quote refers to the very people who created the "feminine mystique" in the first place. These people, along with advertisers who promoted consumption in the home as the secret to happiness, were the ones who counseled women to be good mothers, to keep a good home, to be a loving and understanding wife. They emphasized the importance of the mother to the home, suggesting that any desire on a woman's part for anything more was in some way abnormal. As Friedan highlights, many of these doctors prescribed antidepressants to mothers who came to them distraught over their lack of a full life. She says that these women wrote letters to her (she was a journalist who wrote for magazines) describing an "empty feeling" or simply feeling "incomplete," a problem so prevalent that psychologists called in the "housewife's syndrome." 

What all this suggests about individualism and self-reliance is that the road to full development as a person was really only open to men in the postwar era. Unless a woman truly wanted to be a housewife and nothing more, society's expectations, as reinforced by mass media and an American consumer culture, were confining. Being a housewife and a good mother was the only "road to fulfillment" for a woman. As for what closed other roads, Friedan, as stated above, suggests that the obstacles were mostly created by the media and mass culture. But there were other, structural obstacles as well--women struggled to find professional jobs at pay rates anywhere close to this of men in any case. 

How long are days and years for each planet in our solar system?

They cover quite a range! While the year is determined by the orbit, and therefore increases as you get further from the Sun in a well-defined pattern, the day is determined by the rate of rotation, which can vary by all sorts of factors.

It's also important to distinguish the sidereal day — a complete rotation as viewed from far away, like another star — and the solar day — what you'd actually see in terms of sunrises and sunsets if you were standing on the planet. The Earth's solar day is 24 hours, but our sidereal day is slightly shorter than that.

Mercury has a sidereal day of 58.646 Earth days, a solar day of 175.97 Earth days, and a year of 87.969 Earth days or 0.25 Earth years.

Venus rotates backwards (we think it got hit by a huge asteroid), and very slowly, so its sidereal day is 243.025 Earth days, its solar day is 116.75 Earth days, and its year is 224.701 Earth days or 0.62 Earth years.

By definition, Earth has a solar day of 1 Earth day and a year of 1 Earth year, which is 364.2425 Earth days. Our sidereal day is actually 23 hours and 56 minutes, which is 0.997 Earth days.

Mars has a sidereal day of 1.025957 Earth days, a solar day of 1.02749 Earth days, and a year of 686.971 Earth days, or 1.88 Earth years.

Jupiter has a sidereal day of 0.4135 Earth days and a solar day that is also about that length, but that's not the whole story, because the gas rotates at different speeds at different latitudes. There are actually several different "days" on Jupiter, though all around that length. Jupiter's year is quite long: 4,332.59 Earth days or 11.86 Earth years.

Saturn has a sidereal day of 0.4395 Earth days and a similar situation of varying gas rotation speeds. Its year is 10,759.22 Earth days or 29.4571 Earth years.

Uranus is even weirder because it rotates sideways at an extreme axial tilt. Its sidereal day is 0.71833 Earth days, but its solar day is 84 Earth years long at either pole, which comes from its year of 84.0205 Earth years or 30,687.86 Earth days.

Finally, Neptune has a sidereal day of 0.6713 Earth days, but, like the other gas giants, its speed varies depending on where you are. Its year is incredibly long at 164.8 Earth years, or 60,182 Earth days — the longest of all the true planets, though not as long as the recently-demoted "dwarf planet" Pluto.

In Silas Marner, what hold does Dunstan have over Godfrey Cass? How does he use this hold?

In the novel, Dunstan holds Godfrey's secret marriage to Molly Farren (an opium addict) over his head. As the only one with full knowledge of Godfrey's unsavory connection to Molly, Dunstan is able to blackmail Godfrey into doing his bidding whenever he likes. If Godfrey so much as balks at anything Dunstan wants done, the latter just resorts to the time-tested threat of exposing the secret marriage to their father, Squire Cass.

For his part, Godfrey is intent upon preserving his reputation above all else; after all, he has his eyes on the beauteous Nancy Lammeter, and his goal is to eventually make her his wife. So, his disastrous secret marriage to Molly must never come to light.

Meanwhile, in one of his characteristic blackmail attempts, Dunstan threatens to expose Godfrey if he refuses to pay back a hundred pounds in rent money Dunstan has appropriated for his own. The truth is that Dunstan forced Godfrey to hand the rent money over to him. This puts Godfrey in a difficult position with their father, Squire Cass, who is a landlord. Because he is missing the hundred pounds in rent, Squire Cass has threatened to "distrain" or to seize the renter's property in order to exact payment.

Of course, the renter, Fowler, paid the rent a while back; however, it ended up in Dunstan's hands, and he isn't about to pay it back. Instead, he's charging Godfrey with doing the honors. To ensure that Godfrey does his bidding, Dunstan threatens to expose to Squire Cass Godfrey's secret marriage to Molly. In fact, it was Dunstan himself who goaded Godfrey into marrying Molly. With this disastrous match, Dunstan ensured that the ball would always be in his court when it came to dealings with Godfrey.

For his part, Godfrey enjoys his comfortable existence too much to risk exposure, and he eventually agrees to let Dunstan sell his prized horse, Wildfire, in order to cobble together the money for the rent.

`y = x(6^(-2x))` Find the derivative of the function

Recall that the derivative of a function f at a point x is denoted as `y' = f'(x)` .

There basic properties and formula we can apply to simplify a function.

 For the problem `y = x(6^(-2x)),` we  may apply the Product Rule for derivative:

 Product Rule provides the formula:

`y = h(x)g(x)` then the derivative: `y'= h'(x)*g(x) + h(x)*g'(x)` .

In the problem, `y = x(6^(-2x))` , we let:

`h(x)=x` and` g(x) = 6^(-2x)` .

Derivative of each function:

`h'(x)= 1`

 For the other function `g(x)=6^(-2x)` , we apply derivative of exponential function that follows: `d/(du)(a^u) =a^u* ln(a)*du`  where `a!=1`

Then,

`g'(x)=6^(-2x)*ln(6) *(-2 )` .

We now have: 

`h(x) =x`

`h'(x) = 1 `

`g(x)= 6^(-2x)`

`g'(x)=6^(-2x)*ln(6) *(-2) or(-2)(6^(-2x)) ln(6)`

Then applying the Product Rule: `y' =h'(x) g(x)+ h(x)* g'(x)` , we get:

`y'=1*6^(-2x)+(-2)(6^(-2x)) ln(6) *x`

`y' = 6^(-2x) -(2)(6^(-2x)) xln(6)`

 It can be express in another form.

We can let:

`6^(-2x) = (6^2)^(-x) = 36^(-x)`

`6^(-2x) (2)= (3*2)^(-2x)(2)`

               ` = 3^(-2x)*2^(-2x)*2`

               `= (3^2)^(-x) *2^(-2x+1)`

               ` = 9^(-x)*2^(-2x+1)`

`y' = 6^(-2x) -2(6^(-2x)) xln(6) ` becomes:

`y' = 36^(-x) - 9^(-x)*2^(-2x+1)xln(6) `

What did Mr. Otis offer the ghost? Why did he offer it?

Mr. Otis offers Sir Simon's ghost some oil. Mr. Otis wants Sir Simon to oil his squeaky ghost chains, so the chains won't make so much noise at night.

Soon after the Otis family moves into Canterville Chase, Sir Simon begins his haunting antics. The ghost's goal is to frighten the Otis family into leaving the house. He has been successful at this kind of thing for hundreds of years. He has no reason to doubt his continued success.

On one particular night, the Otis family has all gone to bed. Sir Simon begins moving through the house quite noisily. He is dragging a set of chains and manacles with him. The noise wakes up Mr. Otis.

Some time after, Mr. Otis was awakened by a curious noise in the corridor, outside his room. It sounded like the clank of metal, and seemed to be coming nearer every moment.

Annoyed, Mr. Otis gets out of bed, grabs a bottle of oil, and greets Sir Simon by the bedroom door. Sir Simon looks terrifying. He's got red eyes and ragged clothing, but Mr. Otis isn't fazed at all. Mr. Otis politely hands Sir Simon the oil and kindly asks that the ghost use the oil. That way his chains won't make noises that wake people up.

"My dear sir," said Mr. Otis, "I really must insist on your oiling those chains, and have brought you for that purpose a small bottle of the Tammany Rising Sun Lubricator. It is said to be completely efficacious upon one application, and there are several testimonials to that effect on the wrapper from some of our most eminent native divines. I shall leave it here for you by the bedroom candles, and will be happy to supply you with more, should you require it."

Metal X conducts electricity when molten, has a high melting point, and reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. Is it... A. ZINC B. SILVER C....

Actually two of the answers are correct here.  Zinc, silver, copper, and potassium are all metals, so they all will have high melting points.  As metals, they will all conduct electricity in either the solid or liquid (molten) state.  But the final part of the question is really the key here.  Neither copper nor silver will readily react with dilute hydrochloric acid.  Zinc, however, will react with dilute HCl to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas (H2).  The equation is given below:

`Zn + 2HCl -gt ZnCl_2 + H_2`

The hydrogen gas will bubble from the solution and will light a flame in a classic lab experiment.  Potassium (K) will also react with just plain water (found in dilute HCl) to also form H2:

`2K + 2H_2O -gt 2KOH + H_2`

So both A and D are correct here.

Who visits Victor at the University of Ingolstadt in Frankenstein?

While Victor is at the University of Ingolstad, he is visited by his dear friend Henry Clerval. 

In Chapter 5, on a dreary November night Victor's creature comes to life, but his creator is filled with horror when he sees it awaken with watery eyes and its yellow skin forms a hideous smile. Frightened, he flees; secluding himself in his bedchamber Victor walks around and around until he collapses in exhaustion. However, he wakes and finds "the miserable monster" holding up the curtains around his bed. 

His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks. He might have spoken, but I did not hear....

Victor "escapes" and flees down the stairs. He cannot rid himself of the image of this horrible monster he has created. When morning comes and the gates are unlocked, Victor traverses the streets, hoping to "ease the load that weighed upon [his] mind." After a while, Victor stops before an inn and notices a Swiss carriage approaching the inn. It halts just where Victor stands, and as the door opens, Henry Clerval sees him:

"My dear Frankenstein...how glad I am to see you! how fortunate that you should be here at the very moment of my alighting!"

At the sight of his dear friend, Victor temporarily forgets his "horror and misfortune." But, his joy at seeing Clerval becomes so excessive that his laughter is exaggerated by fright; moreover, there is a wildness in his eyes that worries Henry, who asks Victor what is wrong.

"Do not ask me," cried I, ...for I thought I saw the dreaded spectre glide into the room; "he can tell.--Oh, save me! save me!" I imagined that the monster seized me; I struggled furiously, and fell down in a fit.

Victor falls down with a fever that confines him in bed several months; an uncomprehending Henry stays and acts as his only nurse. Convinced that he is best for this task, Henry does not notify Victor's father or Elizabeth for a while. When he does, Henry merely writes that Victor has been very ill. On his part, Victor profusely thanks Henry for caring for him when he has been well. Then, Henry shows Victor a letter from his "cousin" Elizabeth.

Because he has spent so much time caring for Victor, Henry has not been able to begin his studies in exotic languages. But, the companionship of Henry has benefited Victor because Clerval "called forth the better feelings of [Victor's] heart," re-teaching him to love nature and "the cheerful faces of children."

What was the main goal of the United States in regards to the Native American?

The main goal of the United States in regard to the Native Americans was to move them out of the way so our country could grow and make progress. Many Americans believed the Native Americans were blocking the growth of and the development of the United States. They believed the Native Americans were uncivilized and were undeveloped. They believed the Native Americans had a backward way of living that was holding back our country's progress.

In order for our country to grow and to make progress, the government wanted to move the Native Americans west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. The Indian Removal Act led to the forced relocation of many Native Americans. The Trail of Tears, a term used to describe this forced relocation, led to many Native Americans tribes being relocated to lands west of the Mississippi River.

As we began to expand west of the Mississippi River, we then developed policies to place the Native Americans on reservations. We again viewed the Native Americans as holding back progress. There were many conflicts between the U.S. Army and the Native Americans. In most cases, the Native Americans ended up on reservations.

Throughout our history, we haven’t considered the needs of the Native Americans. We have developed policies that benefitted the white man and that have allowed the country to grow and to expand. We have tried to move the Native Americans out of the way so our country could grow and develop.

What happens in Animal Farm by George Orwell, chapter by chapter?

Chapter 1

An old pig named Old Major shares with the animals his vision of a farm without humans. 

Chapter 2

Farmer Jones and his men get drunk one time too many, and the animals expel them.  The animals reduce Old Major’s ideas to the Seven Commandments of Animalism.

THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS

1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.

2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.

3. No animal shall wear clothes.

4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.

5. No animal shall drink alcohol.

6. No animal shall kill any other animal.

7. All animals are equal. (Ch. 2)

The animals call each other comrades.  They organize each other, but the pigs gradually develop as being in charge.

Chapter 3

The animals bring the harvest in themselves, priding themselves on their efficiency.  Almost every animal helps.  The pigs supervise.  The pigs begin teaching themselves and some of the smarter animals to read.  They also save the milk and apples for themselves, which surprises the other animals because they thought these goodies would be shared equally.  The pigs say they are the brainworkers so they need them.

Chapter 4

The humans are frightened of what is happening and try to retake Animal Farm.  The animals win, but have some losses.  Boxer is sad because he accidentally kills a man.

Chapter 5

Mollie doesn’t like that she has no sugar or ribbons. The others warn her against talking to humans, but she prefers them and runs off to another farm.  Snowball has been designing a windmill to electrify the farm.  Napoleon and a some of the other animals are against it, dividing the farm.  A group of dogs secretly working for Napoleon comes in and run Snowball out, and Squealer, Napoleon’s mouthpiece, tells the animals that he was in league with Jones, and Napoleon was never really opposed to the windmill.

Chapter 6

The animals work hard on the windmill, but do not seem to be getting anywhere.  The pigs announce that Mr. Whymper, a human, will be a go-between for Animal Farm with neighboring farms so they can trade.  The animals are surprised, but Squealer explains that they are doing nothing against the commandments.  Then they learn that the pigs are sleeping in beds, and the commandments are changed to add a prohibition against sheets, not beds.  The windmill is destroyed, and Snowball is blamed.

Chapter 7

It is winter, and food runs short.  The pigs demand that the hens give up some of their eggs to sell.  The hens go on strike, but Napoleon has some of them killed by the dogs and the others fall into line.  Snowball is supposedly still at work being a spy for humans.  A string of confessions of animals like hens and sheep leads to executions for those supposedly in league with Snowball.

Chapter 8

The animals remember that there was a commandment against an animal killing another animal, and find the commandment changed to add “without cause.”  As with the other changes, the animals assume they just misremembered. Napoleon is rarely seen without his retinue of dogs, and is spoken of with titles and respect.  The animals sell some wood to a neighbor, Fredrick, and are paid with counterfeit bills.  The next day, there is another attack on the farm.  The animals win, but it is a hard fight.  The pigs celebrate with whiskey.

Chapter 9

Boxer was injured, but is not allowed to retire.  Food is still tight.  When Boxer cannot work anymore, the pigs claim he is going to a hospital when he is really sent to a slaughterhouse.  Squealer tells them the vet is using a van he bought from a slaughterhouse, and just didn’t change the lettering.  Boxer had excellent medical care and died happy.

Chapter 10

Years pass, and the animals just come to accept the tyranny of the pigs.  The pigs begin walking on two legs and carrying whips. The commandments are replaced with one statement.

ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL

BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS (Ch. 10)

The pigs invite the humans over for a card game, and the animals outside can’t tell the difference between them and the humans.

What are the internal and external conflicts faced by main characters in book The Lightning Thief ?

In The Lightning Thief, Percy Jackson faces many external conflicts, primarily from Zeus, who believes that he is involved with the theft of Zeus’s lightning bolt. The other gods who side with Zeus try to hinder him at every step. Medusa, who resents Percy for his father Poseidon’s rejection of her, tries to turn him into stone to become part of her collection. In St. Louis, Percy battles the Chimera in the Arch. Hades accused Percy of stealing his Helm of Darkness. Percy eventually discovers that it is Ares, the god of war, who has the stolen items. These conflicts require Percy’s ingenuity to battle them and retrieve the lightning bolt.

Percy’s inner conflicts stem from his discovery that his father is Poseidon, who had abandoned Percy’s mother soon after Percy was born. He resents Poseidon’s desertion, leaving him to be raised by his mother and his odious step-father. It is his task to come to accept his position as a Half-Blood, even though it means his father will not always be readily available. Percy’s ADD and his dyslexia are caused by his half-god ancestry. These have caused him to have constant trouble in school. By accepting this “handicaps,” Percy learns to use them as his strengths against the outer conflicts that he faces.

What are Henry James' views on the art of fiction?

In his essay "The Art of Fiction," Henry James argued for artistic freedom, challenging the ideas of Walter Besant, an English literary critic, who in 1884 delivered a lecture called "Fiction as One of the Fine Arts." Besant contended that writers should limit themselves to writing about only what they knew: James, in contrast, said writers should be limited only by their ability to remain interesting on whatever subject they chose to cover. Besant said writers should work with a moral purpose in mind. James, in contrast, said writers should not be limited by conventional morality, but that any writer who thought deeply, rather than superficially, should be able to take his or her writing wherever it led. James appreciated writers like the English novelist George Eliot, who wrote with depth and precision. 

"The Art of Fiction" helped establish the novel as a serious art form. In it, James asserted that the novel should represent life: if it does that, a set of rules doesn't matter. A writer should remain true to his or her own vision, try to represent human consciousness, and concentrate on developing his or her style.

List three problems Pahom experienced as he increased his land holdings in "How Much Land Does a Man Need?"

The first time Pahom increased his land holdings, he faced significant challenges when he tried to deal with the peasants who were also his neighbors. The first problem he encountered was with his neighbors who trespassed on his land. Livestock belonging to his neighbors also entered his fields and destroyed his crops and pasture.  He tried to deal with the issues amicably but the problems continued, and he was forced to seek legal action. A number of peasants were summoned, tried and punished on Pahom’s account. However, his actions made the situation worse and created a second problem with his neighbors who became hostile and willfully destroyed his produce.

Pahom moved to a different part and acquired more land. He was successful in growing wheat but soon realized that he required more land to cultivate. In addition, wheat was only grown on virgin soil, and his entire holding was committed. The situation forced him to rent more land, an arrangement he was not comfortable with because of its complexities.

Who said "I really like that thing you do, Funny Guy, when you pretended to kick a football and then you go flyin' up in the air..." in the book...

In Edward Bloor's novel Tangerine, it is the character Tino who says "I really like that thing you do, Funny Guy, when you pretend to kick a football and then you go flyin' up in the air and then you land right on your ass." 

This quote is found on page 205 of the novel, in part three. Tino, Theresa and Henry D. have come over to complete a group science project with Paul, who is attending Tangerine Middle School after a sinkhole swallowed up much of his former school. Erik, Paul's older brother, and his friend Arthur, come home while the group is working. Paul braces for the worst, because Paul seems to be the only one in the novel who sees Erik's true colors. 

Erik and Arthur begin to taunt Paul's friends. He says: "Look at this. I think it's great that these farm-labor kids get to spend a day away from the fields." 

This is insulting to Tino, and Paul tries to tell him to ignore it. Tino is not about to ignore it, however, and makes the reply referred to in your question. Following Tino's words, Erik lashes out and punches Tino hard enough to knock him down. He lay on the grass for several minutes. Paul says about Erik's blinding rage: "Then, like a genie sucking back into a bottle, he regained control."

What is an example of a literary device in The Outsiders, Chapter 10?

Chapter 10 is significant because the boys are responding to Johnny’s death.  Pony finds it hard to accept that Johnny is really gone, trapped in the denial stage while the death is still fresh.

When Pony gets home, he tells the others that Johnny has died.  They are all recovering from their rumble with the Socs, and they barely can accept the news.  Pony also tells his friends about what happened to Dally.

"Dallas is gone," I said. "He ran out like the devil was after him. He's gonna blow up. He couldn't take it." (Ch. 10) 

The phrase “like the devil” means that he went very fast.  This particular figure of speech is a simile because it uses the word “like” to make an indirect comparison.  It means that he was going as fast as if the devil were chasing him.  The figurative language here serves to acknowledge Dally’s immense grief at the loss of his friend. 

The similes continue. 

I backed up, just like a frightened animal, shaking my head. "I'm okay." I felt sick.  I felt as if any minute I was going to fall flat on my face, but I shook my head. "I don't want to sit down." (Ch. 10) 

This simile means that Pony is wary of the other boys.  Pony is in rough shape because he is suffering from his own grief and he is also injured from the rumble.  He has been reduced to a primal state. 

Pony is confused that Johnny told him to “stay gold” before he died.  He asks the others what this meant.  This is a metaphor and an allusion to the Robert Frost poem (“Nothing Gold Can Stay”) that Pony shared with Johnny earlier.  Johnny wants Pony to remain innocent and lead a quiet life instead of the gang life.

What was the biggest mistake Augustus Caesar made?

Augustus Caesar was a great leader of Rome. He ruled for 41 years, from 27 B.C. to 14 A.D. There were many accomplishments during the time he ruled Rome including beginning the approximate 200 years of peace known as the Pax Romana. He also increased the reach of the Roman Empire and built new roads and aqueducts.

However, there was one major error that he made. There was no clear path to determine who would take over after his death. While the Roman Senate and the people could have possibly chosen a leader, that likely would have plunged Rome into internal conflict. Since Augustus claimed that he had no more power than others in the Roman government, he really couldn’t name a successor. While Augustus favored certain individuals, the lack of a clear plan of succession eventually led to turmoil and to a slow destabilization of the Roman government as time passed.

Describe the German actions which led the United States to enter the war.

I assume this question refers to World War I, since it was Japanese actions that led the United States into the Second World War. The United States reluctantly entered World War I because the German government reinstitute a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917. Under pressure from a British blockade of its ports, Germany retaliated by sinking merchant ships headed for Great Britain. Eager to avoid conflict with the United States, many of whose ships were placed in harm's way, the German government pledged in 1916 to refrain from sinking merchant or other civilian ships without fair warning. When, in 1917, the Germans decided to renege on this promise, and began attacking American ships, war seemed imminent. Matters came to a head when a German telegram proposing an alliance with Mexico was translated and made public in the United States. This so-called "Zimmerman" telegram (after its sender) proved to be the final straw. In April of 1917, just one month after President Woodrow Wilson was inaugurated after a reelection campaign in which he trumpeted the fact that he "kept us out of war," the United States declared war on Germany.

In Freak the Mighty by Rodman Philbrick, after Kevin's food incident, how does Max show more concern for his friend than for himself? What does...

In the chapter titled "American Chop Suey," after Kevin (Freak) nearly chokes to death, Max shows more concern for his friend than for himself by

• running to the nurse's office for help,


• pushing the other kids out of the way so that the nurse can reach Kevin,


• trying to get into the ambulance with Kevin to keep taking care of him, 


• and, most importantly, telling Mrs. Addison that it's Kevin, not himself, who had the terrible day.
  

Keep in mind that earlier that day, Max had a very negative emotional reaction to the news that his father will be getting out of jail soon. It's as if Max has pushed that personal incident out of his mind so that he can focus entirely on making sure his best friend Kevin is going to be okay.

This selflessness impresses Mrs. Addison, who, after giving Max a serious look, concludes that she is sure now that Max will be okay. She means that Max has really developed into a conscientious, kind person (completely the opposite of his father) and that Max will be able to handle anything that life throws at him.

What is the meaning of the phrase "talking overmuch is a sign of vanity"?

For modern speakers of English, this phrase may be somewhat difficult to understand because the word “overmuch” is not one that is commonly used today.  It is a much more archaic usage.  The phrase that you have given us means something like “if a person talks too much, it shows that they are vain.”

In English, we can use the word “over” in a variety of ways.  One way we can use it is as a prefix meaning something like “excessively.”  For example, if I “overbake” a cake, it means I baked the cake too long and it is excessively cooked.  If I say that someone “overstayed” their welcome, it means that they stayed too long.  In the phrase you have given us, “over” is being used in this way.  The word “overmuch” means “excessively much.”

Once we understand this, we can understand the phrase better.  It is saying that talking overmuch (talking too much or excessively much) is a sign of vanity.  Vanity is the quality of being excessively proud of oneself.  If you talk too much, it could very well mean that you are too proud of yourself.  You think that your own opinions are so great that everyone should hear them.  You think everyone will be fascinated by the stories you tell.  You are, in a word, vain.

Thus, this phrase means something like “if a person talks too much, it is evidence that they are vain.”

What are Macbeth's character flaws?

Macbeth's most obvious character flaw is his ambition. This drives him to commit the murder in the first place. He admits as much in his soliloquy at the end in Act I, Scene 7:

I have no spur
To prick the sides of my intent, but only
Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself
And falls on the other—

Macbeth's ambition is largely responsible for his destruction, as well as the demise of most of the people around him. Another character flaw of Macbeth's is his willingness to be swayed by his wife and the witches. In the soliloquy quoted above, Macbeth has essentially decided not to go through with the murder of Duncan, but his wife's goading spurs him toward the task. By the end of the play, he has placed so much stock in the witches' prophecies that he genuinely believes no man "of woman born" can destroy him. He does not pause until the bitter end to consider that the witches are essentially toying with him. 

Over the course of the play, we see Macbeth's unnatural rise to power has corrupted him. He is a bloody tyrant, and has Banquo and Macduff's family murdered to solidify his position as monarch. Macbeth's violence is emphasized early in the play — he "unseam'd" the rebel Macdonwald "from the nave to the chaps" in battle. This act, evidence of his valor and loyalty to Duncan early in the play, grimly foreshadows Macbeth's violence later in the play. 

In summary, three of Macbeth's many character flaws are his ambition, credulity, and capacity for violence.

What are the good things Rikki-Tikki-Tavi does in the story?

Rikki-Tikki-Tavi does a number of good things in the story. As the main protagonist, Rikki-Tikki-Tavi proves himself to be an altruistic hero. For example, after he is rescued by the family, Rikki-Tikki-Tavi takes it upon himself to take care of and protect them. This is seen in a number of instances. The first time is out in the garden, when the young boy, Teddy, is threatened by a small snake named Karait. Rikki-Tikki-Tavi immediately takes it upon himself to kill the snake to help Teddy. Later, the cobra Nag sneaks into the family's bathroom, and he waits to bite them. Rikki-Tikki-Tavi kills Nag before anything bad can happen. Finally, Rikki-Tikki-Tavi kills Nagaina, Nag's wife, in order to protect the family.

Which amendment gave African-American men the right to vote?

The constitutional amendment that gave African American men the right to vote was the 15th Amendment.  This was one of the so-called “Civil War Amendments” that were passed in an effort to end slavery and to make African Americans more or less legally equal to whites.

In the wake of the Civil War, the US ratified three new amendments to the Constitution.  The first of these, the 13th Amendment, was ratified very quickly, becoming part of the Constitution in December of 1865.  This amendment made slavery illegal in the US.  Once this amendment was passed, leaders started to notice that African Americans were still being treated very poorly in Southern states.  In order to limit this, they proposed the 14th Amendment.  This amendment said that everyone in a state had to enjoy the “equal protection of the laws.”  Seemingly, this meant that laws could not treat whites and blacks differently.  The 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. 

Even after the 14th Amendment was passed, Republicans in the Congress worried that blacks would be deprived of the right to vote. Therefore, they passed the 15th Amendment.  This amendment specified that people could not be deprived of the right to vote on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”  This only allowed black men to vote as no women were allowed to vote in the US at this time.  The 15th Amendment was ratified in 1870.

So, the amendment that gave African American men the legal right to vote was the 15th Amendment.  This right was not really honored in most of the South, however, until the Voting Rights Act was passed almost 100 years later, in 1965.

What was happening during the Renaissance Period that relates to Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet?

As William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet is set during the Italian Renaissance, just about everything that happened during this time period has to do with the play! More specifically, the play focuses on two young lovers who come from families who hate one another. The Italian nobility of the Renaissance were constantly caught up in feuds with one another, and Shakespeare has used this fact to create an all-the-more dramatic love story! 

The noble families of Italy were both wealthy and powerful. An unfortunate consequence of using one's wealth and power to make changes in society was that you might upset someone just as wealthy and powerful as you! Members of noble families often brawled in public as displays of domination and defending one's honor. We see this all throughout Romeo and Juliet, as the young men of the Montague and Capulet families engaged in public fights.

Shakespeare never really tells us why the Montagues and Capulets are feuding. It is possible that their grudge is so old that nobody living remembers why the fighting began. Alternately, perhaps it is a hate which began with a small offense and escalated through greater action into the murderous state which sets the social backdrop of the play. Feuding could begin for any number of reasons-- political, financial, social-- and often carried on for so many generations that the families forgot why they started fighting and simply carried on out of habit.

How did railroads influence ranchers, miners, and farmers in the west?

The construction of railroads leading to the expansion of travel in the western states had an enormous impact on many industries. Mining in particular was beginning to grow in the state of Utah near the end of the 19th century, and the expansion of the railroads led to unprecedented growth in this industry. The use of railroads was able to provide easier access to necessary labor, food, materials, and equipment, and the railroads were also used to deliver ores and metals from the mines to places all over the country, which contributed greatly to the Industrial Revolution and the overall economic boom happening in the United States at the time. 

Farming was also affected by the growth of railroads; in particular, single-crop "bonanza farms" such as the ones in California that grew wheat were able to transport large amounts of their crops and flours for sale across the country, or move them more easily to mills for processing and storage. Perhaps more importantly, the railroad expansion west allowed for easier access to food and other necessities for the laborers who worked in these remote farming areas. The same can be said of ranching operations; cattle, sheep, and other livestock could be brought from eastern cities (where livestock from Europe had arrived in ports) to be raised on ranches in the west, and the railroads could also transport these animals for sale for other purposes (as work animals or to be slaughtered and processed for meat production).