`y = log_10((x^2-1)/x)` Find the derivative of the function

`y=log_10((x^2-1)/x)`

The derivative formula of a logarithm is

`d/dx[log_a (u)] = 1/(ln(a) * u)* (du)/dx`

Applying this formula, the derivative of the function will be

`(dy)/dx = d/dx[log_10 ((x^2-1)/x)]`

`(dy)/dx =1/(ln (10) * ((x^2-1)/x)) * d/dx ((x^2-1)/x)`

`(dy)/dx = x/((x^2-1)ln(10) ) * d/dx((x^2-1)/x)`

To get the derivative of `(x^2-1)/x`, apply quotient rule `d/dx ((f(x))/(g(x))) = (g(x)*f'(x) - f(x)*g'(x))/[g(x)]^2` .

`(dy)/dx = x/((x^2-1)ln(10) ) * (x*2x - (x^2-1)*1)/x^2`

`(dy)/dx = x/((x^2-1)ln(10)) * (2x^2 - x^2 + 1)/x^2`

`(dy)/(dx) = x/((x^2-1)ln(10)) * (x^2+1)/x^2`

`(dy)/dx = 1/((x^2-1)ln(10)) * (x^2+1)/x`

`(dy)/dx = (x^2+1)/(x(x^2-1)ln(10))`

Therefore, the derivative of the function is `(dy)/dx = (x^2+1)/(x(x^2-1)ln(10))` .

How is Juliet faithful in Romeo and Juliet?

Juliet is faithful in a number of ways. First, she is initially faithful to her parents. At the beginning of the play, her mother tries to convince her to marry Paris. Though she is not enamored by the prospect, she faithfully listens to her mother's advice, and promises to entertain the prospect before she meets Romeo. It is to Romeo who Juliet remains most faithful. After confessing her love for him in the balcony scene, her devotion to Romeo never waivers. Even after Romeo kills her cousin, Tybalt, Juliet remains faithful to her husband. This faithfulness causes her to fake her own death when her father attempts to force her to marry Paris. This faithfulness continues until the very end of the play, when Juliet commits suicide in order to join her husband in death.

In Homer's The Odyssey, what omen does Zeus send to the meeting?

When Telemachus meets with the suitors, he confronts them about their abuse of his home's hospitality and tries to shame them for their lack of respect for themselves, his family, and the gods.  He asks them, in the name of Zeus, to leave his home, but they will not.  The suitors blame his mother for her "craft" and Telemachus for his "temper," and eventually Telemachus threatens them should they choose to remain in his home.  Just then, Zeus "sent forth a pair of eagles, flying from a mountain peak on high."  These eagles then attack one another, ripping at each other's faces and necks.  The suitors marvel at the eagles and wonder what they might mean.  Halitherses interprets the bird omen, and he says that Odysseus is on his way home after suffering a great deal and losing his entire crew, but the suitors will not listen.

In The Great Gatsby, what are 3 quotes that show why the story is told from Nick's point of view?

When a narrator relates a story from his or her point of view, we call it a first person narrative. This means that the narrator recounts events from how he or she perceives it. The central ideas, thoughts and beliefs reflected in the story are mostly the narrator's own. In this sense then, the narrator would be inclined to make judgments and assumptions and come to conclusions based on his or her subjective perception. This perception is informed by the narrator's personal experiences, feelings, and values.

In The Great Gatsby, we become aware from the outset that he is telling the story. He uses first-person references, 'I', 'my' and 'me'as in the following quote from chapter one:

In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since.

Nick uses the same form of reference throughout the novel, whether he is describing a person, place, situation or thing. In chapter 2, he says the following when he sees Tom's mistress, Myrtle Wilson, for the first time:

His voice faded off and Tom glanced impatiently around the garage. Then I heard footsteps on a stairs, and in a moment the thickish figure of a woman blocked out the light from the office door. She was in the middle thirties, and faintly stout, but she carried her surplus flesh sensuously as some women can.

Once again, his perception is first-person for he tells the reader what he sees. The fact that he calls her 'faintly stout' and mentions her 'surplus flesh' might be a view that Tom would disagree with because it comes across as slightly critical or even insulting since she is, after all, the woman he is having an affair with.

A third quote which proves that the story is told from Nick's point of view is when, in chapter 3, he shares with the reader what he has mentioned thus far:

Reading over what I have written so far, I see I have given the impression that the events of three nights several weeks apart were all that absorbed me. On the contrary, they were merely casual events in a crowded summer, and, until much later, they absorbed me infinitely less than my personal affairs.

In this quote, he acknowledges that he has shared his own opinions and reflections and. Throughout the novel he reports on what he assumed others were thinking or feeling and why they were acting or not acting in a particular way. It is ironic that he calls these events 'casual' when they, in actual fact, are the reason for him sharing them with us in the first place. If they had not been important, he would not have cared to mention them at all.

The reason why Nick is actually the one telling the story is obvious. The other characters were so deeply involved in the events that their roles as narrators would have been heavily slanted in their favor. Since Nick was involved with all the characters on a reasonably superficial level, his perspective would, therefore, be more objective and less personal. 

What does the phrase "Shikata ga nai" mean?

The phrase "Shikata ga nai" is a Japanese phrase with a deep meaning that doesn't fully translate into English. It is understood to mean, "it's beyond my control" or "it's beyond my control, so it cannot be helped." The phrase also is sometimes written and spoken as "shoganai."

Though the phrase has sometimes been misinterpreted as something that reflects the attitude of someone who has given up, it is actually more of an expression of peaceful acceptance of a current situation.

The phrase is sometimes used in historical literature to explain the feeling associated with dramatic historical events in the lives of those from Japan or with Japanese heritage. For example, in the book Hiroshima by John Hersey, the author shows how the use of the phrase reflected the attitudes of emergency personnel and others after the ceasing of their efforts to help those who were mortally wounded by the atomic bomb.

`g(alpha) = 5^(-alpha/2)sin(2alpha)` Find the derivative of the function

We shall use:

Product rule

`(f(x)g(x))'=f'(x)g(x)+f(x)g'(x)`

Chain rule

`(f(g(x)))'=f'(g(x))g'(x)`

First we apply product rule.

`g'(alpha)=(5^(-alpha/2))'sin(2alpha)+5^(-alpha/2)(sin(2alpha))'=`

Now we apply chain rule to the composite functions we need to derivate.

 `5^(-alpha/2)ln (5)cdot(-1/2) sin(2alpha)+5^(-alpha/2)cos(2alpha)cdot2`                                                         

What is a quote from Shakespeare's The Merchant Of Venice that shows Nerissa helping Portia in something?

Nerissa helps Portia in many ways. She's not the type of servant who brings Portia her food or cleans up after her, necessarily. She's not a cook or a maid. She's more of a lady-in-waiting, which is something like a personal assistant in today's world. For example, Nerissa acts as a mediator between guests who want to see Portia. She tells Portia who is at the door and either admits them to see her or turns them away. Nerissa can also act as a messenger by carrying notes or letters back and forth for Portia's business or social purposes. In fact, Nerissa even goes so far as to disguise herself as a law clerk when Portia pretends to be a doctor of the law in Act Four. It is Nerissa who approaches the Duke in disguise as a law clerk and presents him with a message from Portia that explains why she is there to help with the legal proceedings. The following shows Nerissa helping Portia as her servant by delivering the message to the Duke:

"'Came you from Padua, from Bellario?'

'From both, my lord. Bellario greets your grace'" (IV.i.118-119).

The stage directions that accompany this dialogue is "She gives the letter to the DUKE. SHYLOCK whets his knife on his shoe." Therefore, Nerissa acts like a personal assistant by delivering messages for Portia, and this scene in Act 4 clearly shows her doing that exact thing. Throughout the rest of the scene, Nerissa stands in the background, ready to help Portia with anything she may need.

Describe the similarities between the following periods: Gilded Age, Roaring Twenties, and 1950's.

The Gilded Age, the 1920's, and 1950's are all eras in American history that followed a war. They are marked by economic prosperity and a strengthening of the capitalist system in the United States. With confidence after victory, Americans devised new technologies to develop and market during each period. Each of the postwar decades is marked by social conflicts that resulted in social changes. This is particularly true of civil rights for African-Americans. After each of the wars, African-Americans demanded more rights, faced white persecution, and ended up securing more civil liberties as a result.

Another similarity of the three periods is that they each saw a migratory shift in population centers. In the first two periods, the shift was from the south to the North, particularly to urban areas and especially African-Americans. The 1950's saw a movement of white people from urban areas to the suburbs.

On which day does the lottery fall each year in "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson?

The official date for the annual lottery was June 27th. More populous villages start the ceremony a few days earlier so the climax coincides with the official date. The village in the center of the story starts the lottery on the official date because there are fewer participants compared to other villages. The event in that village only takes two hours to complete. The lottery commences at ten in the morning and finishes in time for lunch.

The lottery is held in the village square. The children arrive first, and they are in charge of collecting the stones. They are followed by their fathers, who congregate around the square and talk among themselves. The women arrive last and join their husbands in the square.

In A Separate Peace by John Knowles, Gene says "Peace had deserted Devon." What does this hint at as a possible theme of this book?

In A Separate Peace by John Knowles, Gene says "Peace had deserted Devon" at the beginning of chapter 6. He is referring to the fact that the summer session has ended, and everyone is back to school for the start of the fall. It also means that he is starting his senior year, which is the last year of school he will attend before enlisting in the army. Therefore, a possible suggestion for a theme might be that nothing can ever stay the same because the peaceful summer ends and war awaits each boy at the end of the year. Finishing high school and entering the war might also be symbolic of growing up and accepting adulthood.

First, take into account the fact that the summer session involves relaxed classes and teachers; so for the boys, they experience more peace overall in the summer. The winter session, however, includes more students attending and returning to strict adherence to the school's rules. For example, when Phineas and Gene miss dinner because they are horsing around and wrestling, the teachers don't penalize them in the summer. If such a thing were to happen in the winter session, the boys would face demerits or punishment. Gene describes the differences between the Summer and Winter Sessions as follows:

"The Summer Session—a few dozen boys being force-fed education, a stopgap while most of the masters were away and most of the traditions stored against sultriness—was over. It had been the school's first, but this was its one hundred and sixty-third Winter Session, and the forces reassembled for it scattered the easy going summer spirit like so many fallen leaves" (72).

The "forces" reassembling for the fall means that not only does the official headmaster return for the beginning of a new session, but other teachers and the rest of the student body come back, too. In addition to school starting, World War II looms in the distance for the seniors, and it will end their childhood peace. This causes the boys to feel anxious for the last year of school. Another possible theme might be that war is the only thing they have to look forward to so they better live life the best way they know how before it happens. Therefore, the above passage shows Gene realizing that the relaxing and peaceful days of summer are gone and have been replaced with hard work, a lot of study time, and the eventual enlistment awaiting the seniors at the end of the year. "Peace had deserted Devon," because the summer is over, and after graduation, the boys go to war.

What was Kate Chopin's attitude toward Mrs. Mallard? Did she admire or disdain the way she behaves?

Kate Chopin was a feminist, and she created a sympathetic character in Louise Mallard. Because she is caring wife who feels sorrow for the untimely death of her husband, she cries when she hears the news. She mentally acknowledges that he was only kind to her, though the reader comes to understand she felt oppressed by their marriage. As it begins to dawn on Louise that Brently's death represents freedom for her and offers a life she can live independently, she rises to her feet with "a feverish triumph in her eyes, and [she] carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory." Chopin lost her husband to malaria when she was thirty-two, and though she had six children to raise on her own, she pursued her writing career. It is conceivable that she might not have done so under different circumstances, and it is arguable that, in creating Louise Mallard, she was in some way speaking to her own experience. It seems unlikely, then, that she would feel disdain for Louise's behavior.

Using the book, Night, by Elie Wiesel, discuss Elie's guilt after Shlomo's death.

When Elie and his father arrived at Buchenwald, they were all weak, tired and emaciated. A siren at the camp made Elie forget his father, and instead he rushed into the barracks with the mob. In the morning Elie looked for his father and a thought crossed his mind. He wished that he did not find his father because the situation would relieve him of the responsibility and allow him to focus on his own survival. Elie felt ashamed of himself, and the guilt of his thoughts followed him even after his father’s death.

In another instance, Elie grudgingly gave his father some soup after he realized that his father was not given any food. The situation reminded him of Rabbi Eliahu’s son, who left his father behind during the march out of Buna. According to Elie, he had failed the test just like the Rabbi’s son. The Blockalteste in Buchenwald made matters worse by asking Elie to abandon his father and take his ration of food. The thought that he could take his father’s portion of food left Elie feeling guilty.

Two characteristics of the Committees of Correspondence included?

One characteristic of the Committees of Correspondence was that they were formed in opposition to British taxation and other policies enacted during the imperial crisis that led to the outbreak of the American Revolution. The first of these committees was formed in Boston, even before the Stamp Act was passed, in response to the Sugar Act and other revisions to colonial policy by Parliament. The second characteristic of these committees was that they spread information and news between the colonies in the midst of these crises. The effect of these committees was to foster a sense of unity in the colonies. The committees reinforced the idea that the struggle of the Massachusetts colonists was the struggle of all the colonies, and that the colonies should appear as a united front in the boycotts they used to protest what they saw as oppression. Many of the local committees became revolutionary committees of safety after 1774.

In Pride and Prejudice, what is the name of Mrs Bennett's sister who likes to gossip?

In Pride and Prejudice, Mrs Phillips is the name of Mrs Bennett's gossipy sister. Mrs Phillips lives close to the Bennett family, in nearby Meryton, with her husband, Mr Phillips, who is an attorney. Mrs Phillips concerns herself primarily with the movements and interests of others and acts as a source of information on a number of local issues, particularly the movements of the militia. Evidence of this is provided in Chapter Seven:

Their visits to Mrs Phillips were now productive of the most interesting intelligence. Every day added something to their knowledge of the officers' names and connections. Their lodgings were not long a secret, and at length they began to know the officers themselves.

Similarly, in Chapter 16, the Bennetts accompany Mr Collins to Mrs Phillip's house where she receives much fuel for her forthcoming gossip:

He (Mr Collins) found in Mrs. Phillips a very attentive listener, whose opinion of his consequence increased with what she heard, and who was resolving to retail it all among her neighbours as soon as she could.

Through the character of Mrs Phillips, Austen expresses the vulgarity of middle-class society in rural England. It appears that nobody can move in Meryton or its localities without the knowledge of Mrs Phillips and that she cannot keep any information to herself. 

A 300-gallon hot tub is supplied with solar heated water, 10 degrees above tub temp. If the solar water flows at 1 gal per minute, how long will it...

When bodies at two different temperatures interact, one of them loses heat, while the other gains some heat. In this process, the body with the higher temperature comes down to a lower temperature, while the one with the lower temperature will gain heat and hence be at a higher temperature. 

When water 10 degrees hotter is added to the tub, the water that is already in the tub (if any) will gain heat and the supplied water will lose heat. However, to gain 10 degrees, all the water originally present in the tub will have to be replaced by the hot water from the solar heater. 

Thus, 300 gallons of hot water is needed. Since the rate of hot water flow is 1 gallon per minute, it will take 300 min for the temperature of the tub's water to rise by 10 degrees F.

Hope this helps. 

What is the theme of the poem "The Tyger" by William Blake?

William Blake's poem "The Tyger," written much like a metaphysical conceit, has as its theme the mysteries of God's creations. 

It is a God who is inscrutable to man that has created such a being as a tiger, for in man's limited knowledge, God is all-good. Thus, in the awareness that his knowledge is limited, the speaker wonders in a series of rhetorical questions about the mysteries of good and evil. For instance, he asks the tiger,

Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?

What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

Perhaps, it is only man who has defined good and evil in the context of what he knows. Or, is evil, perhaps, named only by man so that he can recognize good in its contrast since his powers of cognition are not that of the Creator's? Clearly, Blake's poem demonstrates his belief that man must witness, examine, and resolve the apparent paradoxes of life. Critic Alfred Kazin writes of Blake,

In "The Tyger," he presents a poem of triumphant human
awareness, and a hymn to pure being.

Additional Source: 

Kazin, Alfred. "Introduction". The Portable Blake. The Viking Portable Library.

 

How does an understanding of "mending" in "Mending Wall" as either verb or an adjective affect the interpretation?

This question points out how the word "mending" in the title of the poem can be either a verb (something you do to a wall) or an adjective (something that describes or defines the wall).

By noticing that you can interpret that word both ways, you understand that the title is purposefully ambiguous: that it provides us with two ways of thinking about the poem. In other words, to answer your question, an understanding of both grammatical ways to interpret the word "mending" in the title helps us realize that the poem is not just about a single activity but that it can mean more than one thing, and so can the objects or symbols within the poem. This matters because it helps us realize that we shouldn't put the poem aside after understanding its literal plot. We should continue looking for multiple meanings.

The first way to understand the poem's title is as a verb and its object: "Mending Wall," like in other "verb + object" phrases like "fixing dinner" or "doing homework." On this level, we understand that the two neighbors in the poem are literally mending (repairing) a wall together.

The second way to interpret the title is as an adjective and it noun it describes: "Mending Wall," like in other "adjective + noun" phrases like "falling rain" or "running squirrel." On this level, we also understand that, first, the wall itself is something that is capable of mending--that it provides a way of fixing up the relationship between the two neighbors--and second, that the wall's purpose is to be mended, again so that it can bring the neighbors together and give them something meaningful to do while they spend time in each other's company.

Knowing that we can interpret the title in multiple ways helps us consider multiple meanings for the wall (as a means of both separation and connection, for instance) and multiple meanings for the dialogue spoken in the poem (for example, how "Good fences make good neighbours" can be an indication of fences' ability to set boundaries as well as allow neighbors to meet and connect).

You can usually assume that titles are chosen carefully by authors. Whenever you think, "Wait, but this title could mean two things!" then the author probably meant for you to notice that and to accept both interpretations of the title as equally valid.

How does Jem show bravery in Chapter 28 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

In Chapter 28 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem shows bravery by handling a terrifying situation in a very adult-like manner.

Jem handles the situation well by responding to his concerns and instincts. Starting home from the school auditorium, Jem thinks he hears a person's footsteps he shouldn't be hearing because he and Scout are the only two crossing the schoolyard. Each time he thinks he hears footsteps, he very judiciously asks Scout to stop walking and be quiet so he can listen to their surroundings. At one point, the children think they are being followed by Cecil Jacobs and that he is trying to scare them a second time that night. When they become convinced Cecil is not somewhere in the distance behind them, Jem further shows bravery by judiciously asking Scout if she can take off her ham costume since it can be seen in the dark. Without the costume, the children will be completely invisible in the dark. Scout feels she is unable, though, so they proceed toward home.

Once the children hear whoever is following them start to run after them, Jem shows more bravery by judiciously screaming, "Run, Scout! Run! Run," desperate to get himself and his sister safely home. He further shows bravery by trying to fend off their attacker and trying to pull Scout home with him. Scout describes Jem's attempt to bravely defend himself and his sister in the following narration:

From somewhere near by came scuffling, kicking sounds, sounds of shoes and flesh scraping dirt and roots. Someone rolled against me and I felt Jem. He was up like lightning and pulling me with him but, though my head and shoulders were free, I was so entangled we didn't get very far (Chapter 28).

Unlike brave Jem, someone frozen in terror would not have been able to try to fight off the attacker and escape to safety.

What type of God is presented in the sermon "Sinners In the Hands of an Angry God"?

It may seem a bit obvious, but one way to describe God in Edwards's sermon is "angry." Edwards was preaching to a congregation who he considered insufficiently committed to their faith, and this sermon was intended to promote a new sense of diligence and piety in the community. To do so, Edwards portrays God as angry and wrathful toward sinners.

God is a great deal more angry with great numbers that are now on earth, yea, doubtless with many that are now in this congregation, that it may be are at ease and quiet, than he is with many of those that are now in the flames of hell.

These were strong words for those who felt comfortable, even lax in their faith. Edwards further emphasized that God was all-powerful and capable of casting any of them into hell. The only thing keeping anyone out of hell is the "mere arbitrary will, and uncovenanted unobliged forbearance of an incensed God." Edwards claims people are suspended above hell like a "loathsome insect," and God holds them in his hand only out of mercy. Edwards used such words as "loathe" and "fury" to describe God's view of man. He urged his people to accept the opportunity presented by accepting divine mercy, an

extraordinary opportunity, a day wherein Christ has flung the door of mercy wide open, and stands in the door calling and crying with a loud voice to poor sinners.

Edwards contends the Christian faith is the only buffer between human beings and a wrathful and angry God.

What were the reasons that Jo March did not want Meg to marry Mr. Brooke and how was this conflict resolved?

Jo does not want Meg to marry Mr. Brooke, Laurie's tutor, because she is anxious to keep everything and everyone at home, just the way it has always been. She knows that if Meg gets married, Meg will move out and begin to have a family of her own, and Jo just wants all the girls to stay young and stay home because she loves their family dynamic so much. Her concern never really gets "resolved" per se; it's just that Meg and Mr. Brooke are in love, and though Marmee and Mr. March make them wait a bit to get married (until Mr. Brooke can purchase a home in which they can live), they do eventually get married. Jo has to deal with the fact that this is the way of things: people grow up, they move on, and life changes.

Could you give me some suggestions for a comic strip on the chapter in which Tom and Becky are lost in caves in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by...

All the frames in the comic strip could appear to be illuminated by the light of one little candle held either by Tom and Becky. The ceiling of the cave could be very high, and the figures of the two children could look very small in that spooky setting. It occurs to me that the candle would throw some spooky shadows of the children on the walls of the cave. Although Tom and Becky are lost, they are impressed by the beauty of the strange formations inside the big cavern. They keep traveling from one room to another, so there should be a succession of frames in which the formations are shown by candlelight. Mark Twain was familiar with the cavern he describes in the book, and he writes some beautiful descriptions of the stalactites that have formed from minerals contained in the continuously dripping water. I think the dialogue between Tom and Becky should be kept to a minimum because the balloons would detract from the beauty of the cave. You probably should show a few frames in which they lie down to sleep. Of course, you would also want to show the cave entrance with the beautiful outdoors when they finally find it. The dialogue can be taken directly from the book. The descriptions can also be derived from the book.

What is the most important lesson that Ponyboy learns in The Outsiders?

Ponyboy learns there are more similarities among young people than differences. He also learns there is goodness in others and, most importantly, that violence serves no positive purpose.

When Ponyboy talks to Cherry in Chapter 3, he learns the Socs have problems, too, although they differ from those of the Greasers. Interestingly, Cherry seems to understand Ponyboy: 

"You read a lot, don't you, Ponyboy?" Cherry asked. 

I was startled. "Yeah. Why?" 

She kind of shrugged. "I could just tell. I'll bet you watch sunsets, too." She was quiet for a minute after I nodded. "I used to watch them, too, before I got so busy. . . "

From Cherry and others, Ponyboy learns there is still goodness in the world. Yet, there is also peer pressure for both gangs. Like the Greasers, the Socs have parents who neglect them, although for different reasons.

With the knowledge that he gains from his experiences, Ponyboy learns the important lesson that violence serves no positive purpose. This idea is expressed in Chapter 7 when a Mustang pulls up as Two-Bit and Ponyboy stop at the Tasty Freeze to relax and have Cokes. Randy and a tall boy who nearly drowned Ponyboy are inside; Randy asks Ponyboy to get into the Mustang and talk with him. In the course of their conversation, Randy praises Ponyboy for his courageous act of saving the children in the church fire. After saying a few other things, Randy tells Ponyboy that he is not going to participate in the rumble between their gangs:

You can't win, even if you whip us. You'll still be where you were before—at the bottom. And we'll still be the lucky ones with all the breaks. So it doesn't do any good, the fighting and the killing (Chapter 7).

Ponyboy knows Randy is right. Nothing positive comes of violence. Instead, he has lost boys that he has loved to it. This is his most important lesson.

As a summation of his experiences and thoughts, Ponyboy arrives at the realization that "[N]othing gold can stay." Words are much more effective than actions; therefore, he writes with the hope that what is "gold" in people can "stay" as it is recorded.

Which character is a clown in Romeo and Juliet? What is his function in the play? How does he provide comic relief to the audience?

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What is the chemical formula and color of copper after corrosion?

Corrosion is commonly defined as the slow eating away of metals. The most commonly encountered corrosion is that of iron, which is also known as rusting. Copper also corrodes in presence of oxygen. When this happens, the following chemical reaction takes place:

`4Cu + O_2 -> 2Cu_2O`

In this reaction, copper metal reacts with oxygen to form copper (I) oxide. This oxide is red in color. Over time, other reactions take place and ultimately a green colored layer would be obtained. This green colored layer is also known as the patina. 

Copper artifacts covered with patina are commonly used for decoration and are made by accelerating the process of copper corrosion.

Corrosion of iron or rusting, in comparison, is a harmful process and we try to prevent it by coating the iron surface with paint or zinc, etc.

Hope this helps. 

How has Dee forgotten her heritage in "Everyday Use"?

Dee has forgotten her heritage because she has embraced some of the philosophy of the Black Power Movement, a movement which wished to establish an identity for African-Americans completely apart from white history.

Although Dee, now having taken the African name Wangero, declares that she is reclaiming her heritage by taking old items from the family, she has actually rejected her family history by wishing to merely put the family items on display. In her actions and remarks to her mother, she demonstrates a belief in what Malcolm X's brother Reginald told him, "The black man is the brainwashed." For, she is now convinced that she should reject anything connected to white society such as certain names, historical events, and customs--all part of the "brainwashing" by whites of African-Americans. Now, she tells her mother that can no longer bear having a name from people who have oppressed her. Furthermore, when she first arrives, Dee/Wangero snaps pictures of the house and dirt yard as though she is composing a documentary for the government on how the underprivileged live.

Because of her behavior, Mama refuses to give Dee the quilts after Dee asks for them; instead, she hands them to Maggie, who appreciates the collection of pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts, Grandma Dee's dresses worn fifty years ago, and other memorable items such as a small piece of faded blue that is Great Grandpa Ezra's Civil War uniform. Indeed, it is Maggie who understands that the act of quilting by the female members of her family has been an act of connecting the family's roots and past events together in memory. The quilts symbolize the heritage that Dee has forgotten. And, for this reason, Mama refuses to give Dee the quilts.

As Dee departs wearing her over-sized sunglasses, Maggie smiles a "real smile, not scared" anymore; and, long after Dee's car is gone, Mama and Maggie just sit outside, "enjoying until it was time to go in the house and go to bed."

Is The Jungle Book fiction or non-fiction?

All of these stories are fictional. The Jungle Book is a series of fictional stories that feature anthropomorphic animals who have the characteristics of humans and speak. Some stories feature Mowgli, a boy raised by wolves. The animals in the stories include not only the wolf family but also Baloo—a bear—and Bagheera, the black panther. These animals attempt to instruct Mowgli in the Law of the Jungle. Other stories in the book include the tale of Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, a mongoose taken in by a British family. The mongoose battles against venomous cobras to protect the family. Another story in the collection is "Toomai of the Elephants," the story of an elephant driver and his little son, who glimpses the dance of the elephants that no human has ever before seen. 

Why did Holden's parents want to have him psychoanalyzed?

Holden's parents wanted to have Holden psychoanalyzed because he broke all of the windows in the garage with his fist.

Holden even tried to break the windows on the car with his fists that summer as well. At that point, though, his hand was so broken and messed up that he couldn't do it. Holden tells readers that he broke all of those windows "just for the hell of it." That may be what Holden tells readers, but that is not the reason that he broke all of those windows.

Holden broke all of those windows because he was angry and sad at the fact that his younger brother, Allie, had died. Holden idealizes Allie. Allie was basically the perfect child according to Holden. Everybody liked Allie. He was friendly, intelligent, and kind to people.

You'd have liked him. He was two years younger than I was, but he was about fifty times as intelligent. He was terrifically intelligent. His teachers were always writing letters to my mother, telling her what a pleasure it was having a boy like Allie in their class. And they weren't just shooting the crap. They really meant it. But it wasn't just that he was the most intelligent member in the family. He was also the nicest, in lots of ways.

Unfortunately, leukemia killed Allie at the age of eleven. Holden broke all of those windows because he was angry at the injustice of Allie having to die. Holden's parents just didn't understand that for some reason, so they wanted to have him psychoanalyzed by a professional.

The following sentence is amiguous. Provide two explanations which illustrate the different meanings Visiting relatives can be problematic.

This kind of sentence is such an interesting example of the complexity of the English language.  Let's go over the two meanings this sentence has.

One way to read this sentence is to interpret it to mean that when we go to visit our relatives, it can be a problem.  In this instance, the word "visiting" is acting like a noun, as it is when we say things like "Cooking is a great hobby" or "Baking fish requires only a moderate oven."  We call words ending in "ing" that are acting as nouns gerunds. 

The other way to read this sentence is to read it to mean that the relatives who come to visit can be a problem.  In this case, the word "visiting" is acting like an adjective, modifying the noun "relatives," and when a verb acts like this, we call it a participle. Many participles end in "ing." Another example of this would be "The crying child needed a hug"  and "The winding path took me far."

There are many entertaining examples of this kind of ambiguous sentence as well as other entertainments that show how interesting English is at the website available at the link below. 

In 1973, Rosenhan performed a study in which eight healthy adults were admitted to a psychiatric hospital. What did this study demonstrate?

During the Rosenhan experiment, eight healthy people checked themselves into mental hospitals and studied the conditions therein; below is a link to the actual study. Probably the most important finding of the study was that not a single one of the healthy adults was identified as such. Most of them were diagnosed with schizophrenia. This finding is interesting because it makes clear the possibility that there are no good ways in psychiatry for differentiating between someone who is healthy and someone who is mentally ill. 

A secondary finding was how mental health staff separated themselves from the patients; the higher the rank of a staff person, the less time that person spent with the patients. Psychiatrists spent the least amount of time and the attendants the most. Attendants spent as little time as they were allowed on the ward, preferring to stay behind the glass "cage" that separated staff from patients. 

Mental health is challenging to define, as Rosenhan's study demonstrates. Given the fact that a psychiatric diagnosis can be a stigma in a person's life, the fact that psychiatry cannot identify mentally healthy people means that there are people who have experienced the dehumanizing effects of the mental institution, the stigma of diagnosis, and the side effects of psychotropic drugs and who are not significantly ill, after all.  

The Milky Way is an example of a ______.

The Milky Way is a galaxy.

We live on Earth, which is a planet. Our Earth is part of the solar system, a system of planets which orbit around the Sun, a star. Our Sun is an average star and is just one of an extremely large number of stars in our universe. A large cluster of stars is denoted as a galaxy. Each galaxy contains billions of stars. Our Sun is part of a galaxy known as the Milky Way. Our galaxy contains about 100 billion (1 followed by 11 zeroes) to 400 billion (4 followed by 11 zeroes) stars. The Milky Way is a disc-shaped spiral galaxy and has a central bulge. Interestingly, we are not even at the center of our own galaxy, let alone the universe (contrary to the view held by human beings for a very long time).

Our closest neighbor is a spiral galaxy known as the Andromeda galaxy. 

Hope this helps. 

What factors contributed to the success of the voyages between the 15th and 18th centuries?

One factor is that cartography improved during the Renaissance as trade increased between Asia and Western Europe. The riches of Asia gave the Europeans more incentives to find the fastest way to get there, and the fall of Constantinople in 1453 meant the land route was primarily closed. Renaissance cartographers looked at the methods of the ancient Greeks and Romans as well as Arab sailors in order to plan their trips and design their ships and sails, as ship designs took great leaps forward during this time as well.  

Another factor is the rise of the nation-state and the joint-stock company. Sending out sailing vessels to Asia was quite risky, and it was not uncommon to lose everything in these ventures due to storms or pirates. Nation-states such as Spain were able to pay adventurers like Christopher Columbus from Italian city-states to sail to what would hopefully be Asia. The kingdoms of the Medieval period did not have this amount of capital on hand. Also, the joint-stock company of England made it possible for venture capitalists to fund their own voyages, such as the one which established Jamestown. The Dutch, great seafarers and traders in their own right, pioneered the use of maritime insurance, which increased the number of people willing to risk capital in order to gain a reward.

Explain how the concept of price elasticity can be useful to the government in its determination of taxation policy.

The question asks how the concept of price elasticity can be useful to the government in its determination of taxation policy. First, let’s review the concept of price elasticity. It is defined as the percent change in quantity demanded or supplied divided by the percent change in price which caused the change in quantity. Note that it applies to both the supply and demand curves. Finally, it is related to the slope of the curve in question, but it is not identical.

Fundamentally, elasticity measures the sensitivity of quantity to price changes. Taxes have the effect of adding an additional cost to an item on top of what the supplying firm charges. That is, they have the effect of changing the price of the item or service, ceteris paribus. Therefore, if demand is highly elastic (relatively flat demand curve), small tax increases will cause large declines in quantity demanded. This in turn may cause suppliers to lower price to compensate for this effect, that is to attempt to increase the quantity demanded back toward the previous equilibrium. In essence, the suppliers have then absorbed some of the tax increase, because the overall price paid by the consumer does not go up by the full amount of the tax increase. Conversely, if demand is highly inelastic, the quantity demanded will change little due to the tax increase and the consumer’s price will go up by almost the full amount of that increase.

These examples illustrate that the concept of price elasticity will define how the burden of taxes is spread between consumers and suppliers. Additionally, this analysis can be used to estimate where the new equilibrium quantity will be. This in turn will affect both the total value of goods produced (with effects on employment, etc.) and the amount of tax revenue collected. For example, it does little good to dramatically increase tax rates on something if the result is to crush the market for that good, thus eliminating tax revenues from it.

Where does the beast reside in Lord of the Flies? What is Golding suggesting about human beings?

Throughout the novel, the boys fear an imaginary "beast." They have numerous discussions in regards to the identity of the "beast" and where it resides on the island. While the older boys on the island try convincing the littluns that the "beast" doesn't exist, only Simon understands the true identity of the "beast." During an assembly, Ralph, Jack, and Piggy attempt to convince the littluns that the "beast" doesn't exist. When Simon attempts to give his insight on the matter, he cannot seem to find the words to express his thoughts. Golding writes, "Simon became inarticulate in his effort to express mankind’s essential illness" (126). Through Simon's interpretation, Golding suggests the "beast" is actually mankind's inherent evil. Golding believed all humans are inherently wicked and the only thing that prevents individuals from acting on their primitive instincts is structured society. In his novel, the boys gradually descend into savagery because there are no rules and regulations to prevent them from harming one another. According to William Golding, the “beast” essentially resides in a person’s soul.

Why did the Romans fight the Punic Wars? What did they gain?

The Romans became involved in the Punic Wars after they intervened during a 264 B.C. dispute between the city of Syracuse (who had allegiance to Carthage) and Messina (who Rome supported). Thought the battle initially started simply between Syracuse and Messina, once Rome intervened, it transformed into a full-scale conflict of more than 100 years between Rome and Carthage. 

Rome built up its naval fleet over the course of the next several years until it was ultimately able to win a decisive sea battle against Carthage. This battle allowed Rome to win a major victory by obtaining Sicily. 

Over the course of the next several decades, Rome was also able to obtain control of Spain and parts of North Africa. Finally, in 146 B.C., Rome overtook Carthage. Rome gained control of the ancient city and sold many of the 50,000 surviving residents into slavery.

When non-disjunction happens during Meiosis I, how many normal gametes result?

Before meiosis occurs, a diploid cell (2n) in the ovaries or testes will undergo a special type of reduction division resulting in four haploid sex cells. This process is called meiosis. First, the DNA in the gonad cell is replicated.

In meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs line up at the metaphase plate. Next, members of each homologous pair separate and move to opposite poles during anaphase I. By telophase I, the chromosomes are at opposite poles and a nucleus reforms around them. Next, the cytoplasm divides producing two cells. These two cells will now enter meiosis II.  The resulting 4 daughter cells are haploid (n) with half of the chromosomes of the parent cell and can serve as gametes or sex cells.

However, if nondisjunction occurs in meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes fail to separate. This results in all four gametes containing an abnormal number of chromosomes-too many or too few.

Aneuploidy describes the variation in chromosome number due to errors of meiosis. The gametes can be n-1 missing a chromosome or n+1 with an additional chromosome.

I have included a link to an animation showing meiosis and non-disjunction.

`dT + k(T-70)dt = 0 , T(0) = 140` Find the particular solution that satisfies the initial condition

Given the differential equation : `dT+K(T-70)dt=0, T(0)=140`

We have to find a particular solution that satisfies the initial condition.

We can write,

`dT=-K(T-70)dt`

`\frac{dT}{T-70}=-Kdt`

`\int \frac{dT}{T-70}=\int -Kdt`

`ln(T-70)=-Kt+C`  where C is a constant.

Now,

`T-70=e^{-Kt+C}`

         `=e^{-Kt}.e^{C}`

         `=C'e^{-Kt}`    where `e^C=C'` is again a constant.

Hence we have,

`T=70+C'e^{-Kt}`

Applying the initial condition we get,

`140=70+C' ` implies `C'=70`

Therefore we have the solution:

`T=70(1+e^{-Kt})`

What is the mood of the story, "Just Lather, That's All?"

In the opening paragraph of "Just Lather, That's All," the mood is fearful and tense. This is established, primarily, by the description of the trembling barber and the reference to the Captain's clothing. These items, particularly the "gun holster" and "bullet-studded belt" evoke images of war and murder and suggest that violence might occur at some point in the story.

This tense mood continues as the story progresses. The images of the hanging soldiers, the oppressive heat and the barber's internal dilemma over whether to kill the Captain all contribute to this atmosphere.

Relief comes in the final lines of the story when the writer employs an image of rebirth to describes the Captain's skin:

He rubbed his hands over his skin and felt it fresh, like new.

The barber decides not to kill the Captain, and his inner peace is emphasized through his physical description: his shirt is "soaked," for instance, but he is no longer actively sweating. His conflict has, therefore, come to an end.

A hand watch has least count of 0.2 second, but a stopwatch has a least count of 1 second. Why?

Apparently you've got some fairly unusual hand watches and stopwatches. This wouldn't normally be true, but it could be in some particular case.

The least count is just the smallest measurement difference we can reliably distinguish using that measurement tool.

In general most stopwatches record data in centiseconds (0.01 seconds), so they would have a least count of centiseconds, unless we account for the fact that it takes a little bit of time to actually push the button, in which case maybe deciseconds. (This is why Olympic events use automatic timers instead of manual stopwatches---because events can be won or lost by deciseconds.)

But in this case, it sounds like we are dealing with some particular stopwatch that only has a digital display in seconds, and therefore there's no way for it to have a least count any smaller than one second.

We can compare this to an analog watch, which in principle could have an extremely tiny least count, if it were somehow made so reliable that it actually lined up each atom in the right place to represent that exact nanosecond. In practice, most analog watches actually click forward second by second, and would have a least count of 1 second; but if it moves smoothly and still keeps proper time, then its least count is the smallest amount of time that we can reliably distinguish by looking at it, which could very well be one fifth of a second, or 0.2 seconds, or even less if it were made extremely precise.

In To Kill A Mockingbird, what did the children learn about Miss Maudie?

Scout and Jem spent a lot of time with their neighbor, Miss Maudie, an older woman whose husband had died years before.  She had grown up with Atticus and Uncle Jack.  She lived alone in her house and loved gardening.  Scout spent the most time with Miss Maudie.

Miss Maudie was kind to Scout and Jem.  She treated them with respect and talked to them like they were adults instead of children.  She let them run through her yard without complaining.  They learned that Miss Maudie loved to be out in nature:

Miss Maudie hated her house: time spent indoors was time wasted.  She was a widow, a chameleon lady who worked in her flower beds in an old straw hat and men's coveralls, but after her five o’clock bath she would appear on the porch and reign over the street in magisterial beauty (To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapter 5).

Scout and Jem also learned that Miss Maudie did not care much about her house.  After it burned down in the fire, Jem and Scout visited Miss Maudie.  Jem told her how sorry he was about her house burning down and Scout asked Miss Maudie if she was grieving.  Miss Maudie was dismissive, which surprised Scout and Jem:

"Grieving, child?  Why, I hated that old cow barn.  Thought of settin' fire to it a hundred times myself, except they'd lock me up" (Chapter 8).

Despite having lost her home and possessions, Miss Maudie was still cheerful and friendly to the children.  She asked Scout about Boo Radley.  Then Scout discovered something about Miss Maudie:

Miss Maudie puzzled me.  With most of her possessions gone and her beloved yard a shambles, she still took a lively and cordial interest in Jem' and my affairs.

What is the foreshadowing/irony that opens Act V of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet?

In the beginning of Act V, Romeo has been banished to Mantua. In his opening speech he mentions a dream which predicts some "joyful news" is "at hand." He also says that Juliet will find him dead but will restore him to life with her kisses. He says,

I dreamt my lady came and found me dead
(Strange dream that gives a dead man leave to
think!)
And breathed such life with kisses in my lips
That I revived and was an emperor.

Romeo's dream is partly ironic. Had he received the message from Friar Laurence about the plot involving Juliet faking her death, he would have indeed had good news. Unfortunately, the Friar's message never arrives and so the meaning of Romeo's dream is lost. In the Friar's plan, Romeo was to rescue Juliet from the tomb, taking her away to Mantua to be reunited in their love. Fate intervenes in the form of a plague threat in Verona which delays the message.

The dream also foreshadows events in the Capulet tomb later in Act V. After Romeo has killed himself with poison, Juliet wakes up to find him dead next to her. She attempts to kiss some of the poison off his lips but they are dry. The kiss is foreshadowed in Romeo's lines. Juliet finally uses Romeo's dagger to kill herself. 

What was the Boston Tea Party? Who started it?

The Boston Tea Party was a very important event that helped lead to the start of the Revolutionary War. The British passed the Tea Act in 1773. The law gave a monopoly on the tea trade to the British East India Company. The Tea Act also continued the tax on tea.

The colonists were very unhappy with this. They resented the British government giving a monopoly on the tea trade to this company. They also didn’t like the tax they still had to pay when they bought tea. In several other places, the colonists successfully prevented tea shipments from reaching ports. In Boston, however, the ships did reach Boston Harbor. The Sons of Liberty, led by Samuel Adams, bordered the three ships and threw the tea into the harbor.

The British were determined to punish the colonists. They passed the Intolerable Acts, which really affected the colonists in Massachusetts. The colonists refused to follow the Intolerable Acts, leading to more conflict between the colonists and the British.

What adages are used about the lottery in "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson?

An adage is used when Mr. Adams speaks with Old Man Warner, who has participated in the lottery 77 times. Mr. Adams informs Old Man Warner that the community in the northern village is considering quitting the lottery. Old Man Warner expresses his displeasure at the remark by referring to the people in the north as a pack of crazy fools. He further warns that the people would not stop at quitting the lottery, but will also regress to primordial lifestyles. Old Man Warner adds that the people would also stop working and tells Mr. Adams of an old saying that stated "Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon." The adage suggests the community associates their farms’ productivity with the events of the lottery, which is a human sacrifice conducted by the community.

How does Scout try to help Miss Caroline?

In Chapter 2, Scout attends school for the first time, and she is in Miss Caroline's first grade class. At the beginning of the day, Miss Caroline finds out that Scout can read, and she tells Scout that Atticus is no longer allowed to read to her anymore. Miss Caroline believes that it is best to start with a fresh mind which makes Scout extremely upset as she ponders the idea of never reading with Atticus again. Later on in the day, Scout gets bored and begins to write Dill a letter. Miss Caroline catches her writing and tells Scout that her father should stop teaching her how to write too. Clearly, Scout has gotten off to a rough start with her new teacher.

At lunch time, Walter Cunningham does not have any food to eat, and he refuses to accept Miss Caroline's quarter to buy lunch. Scout can tell that Miss Caroline is having a hard time understanding that Walter will not accept the quarter no matter what. Scout tries to help Miss Caroline understand why Walter refuses to accept her quarter but has difficulty explaining Walter's situation. Scout simply says, "Miss Caroline, he's a Cunningham" (Lee 26). Scout takes for granted that Miss Caroline is familiar with Walter's family and the Cunningham ways, but Miss Caroline is from Winston County and is unfamiliar with Maycomb. Scout realizes that she cannot fully explain herself, so she says, "You're shamin' him, Miss Caroline. Walter hasn't got a quarter at home to bring you, and you can't use any stovewood" (Lee 28). Miss Caroline is offended at Scout's comment and gives her a "half a dozen quick little pats" on the palm of her hand with a ruler. Needless to say, Scout's attempt at helping Miss Caroline is a complete failure. 

Are Dexter's memories of the summer accurate or idealized?

Dexter's memories of the summer are idealized and unrealistic. For example, when he is young and working as a golf caddy, he dreams during the winter of a fantastical summer in which he is a golf champion. In these dreams, he owns a Pierce-Arrow, a very high-end car, and is a well-respected member of the golf club--so well respected, in fact, that he is followed by an adoring crowd who also admire his diving ability with mouths open in wonder. Years later, he also succumbs to a kind of summer fantasy when he meets Judy Jones again and thinks that he can make her be faithful to him. During this time, he is wildly unrealistic about who Judy is and even asks her to marry him, which never happens. He loses his sense of reality and thinks of his relationship with her in the same idealized way he dreamed of becoming a rich golf champion when he was a boy.

I need 12 quotes from Hamlet; the quotes must show Hamlet's and Laertes' morality and their view of family honor. For a compare and contrast...

Below are six quotes each for Laertes and Hamlet pulled from roughly the same areas of the play.   

The first two quotations from Laertes show his unselfish love for and desire to protect his younger sister.  He delicately points out that Hamlet might break her heart and that she should keep herself safe from any type of teenage rebellion. His advice shows his care for his family, particularly the safety of his sister. 

The first two quotations from Hamlet show his profound depression at the death of his father and the quick remarriage of his mother.  He is so upset he is considering killing himself, stopping short only because suicide is considered a sin.  Here Hamlet is also revealing a respect and love for family and is mourning the loss of both his parents -  his father to death and his mother to his uncle.  

Hamlet's third quote occurs after his long conversation with his mother concerning his true feelings about her recent remarriage to his uncle, his father's murderer.  He finally calms down enough to encourage her to seek a more moral path and to avoid sinning any longer with his uncle.

Laertes' third quote concerns his father's untimely death.  He goes straight to the King demanding an answer for this murder.  In a way, he attacks his suspicions head on while Hamlet has been avoiding avenging his own father's murder.  

Hamlet's and Laertes' fourth quotes concern Ophelia.  Laertes is heartbroken to see his sister in a state of lunacy.  Later, after her suicide, Laertes in his fifth quote, shows his concern for her soul, demanding she get all the rites of burial.  Hamlet's fourth quote is an admission of his love for her.  Unlike Laertes, though, he has not been able to be direct about his love, so she likely never knew.  

Hamlet's fifth and Laertes' sixth quotes are both apologies and admissions between the two as they duel for the King's pleasure. Hamlet offers his apology for killing Polonius, but uses a metaphor to take some of the responsibility off himself.  Laertes directly admits his role in Hamlet's imminent death, and his own as well.

Finally, Hamlet's sixth quote shows the importance he places on his family's reputation.  He demands that Horatio remain alive to tell the real story when Fortinbras takes over. 

Laertes

1. "Be wary then; best safety lies in fear; / Youth to itself rebels, though none else near" (I, iii) 

2. "Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain / If with too credent ear you list his songs / Or lose your heart, or your chaste treasure open / To his unmaster'd importunity." (I, iii)

3.  "How came he dead?  I'll not be juggled with: / ...Let come what comes; only I'll be revenged / Most thoroughly for my father." (IV,v)

4.  "Dear maid, kind sister, sweet Ophelia! / Oh heavens!  Is't possible a young maid's wits / Should be as mortal as an old man's life?" (IV, v)

5. "Lay her i' th' earth, / And from her fair and unpolluted flesh /May violets spring! I tell thee, churlish priest, / A minist'ring angel shall my sister be / When thou liest howling." (V,i)

6. "It is here, Hamlet: thou art slain; / ...the foul practice / Hath turned itself on me, lo, here i lie, / Never to rise again." (V, ii)

Hamlet

1.  "Together with all forms, modes, shapes of grief, / That can denote me truly: these indeed seem, / For they are actions that a man might play: / But I have that within which passeth show; / These but the trappings and the suits of woe." I,ii

2.  "Oh that this too, too solid flesh would melt / thaw, and resolve itself into a dew! / Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd / His canon 'gainst self slaughter!"  (I,ii)

3.  "Oh throw away the lesser part of it, / and live the purer with the other half."  (III,iv)

4.  "I loved Ophelia:  Forty thousand brothers / Could not, with all their quantity of love, /Make up my sum." (V, i)

5.  "Give me your pardon sir:  I have done you wrong;/ ...Free me so far in your most generous thoughts, / That I have shot mine arrow o'er the house, / And hurt my brother." (V, ii)

6.  "But I do prophesy the election lights / On Fortinbras:  he has my dying voice; / So tell him, with the occurrents, more and less / Which have solicited." (V, ii)

What's the unit rate of 436 miles in 4 hrs?

Hello!

A unit rate is a ratio with the denominator 1, x : 1 for any number x.

We have to find a number x such that the ratio 436 miles : 4 hours is equal to x : 1 (which is actually the same as x). It is the same task as to divide 436 miles by 4 hours. The result is 109 miles / hour.

So the answer is: the unit ratio for 436 miles in 4 hours is 109 miles : 1 hour.

What are reflected rays and incident rays?

The light beam which is falling on a surface is known as the incident ray (to that specific surface). The light beam which is reflected off the surface is known as the reflected ray (of that specific surface). If we were to draw a line perpendicular to the surface on which the light is incident, we obtain the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection. The perpendicular line is generally known as the normal. The angle made by the incident ray with the normal is known as the angle of incidence, while the angle made by the reflected ray with the normal is known as the angle of reflection.

According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence and angle of reflection are the same. 

Note that the incident ray will result in a reflected ray if the light beam stays in the same medium, for example, the reflection from a mirror. If the light goes from one medium to another, instead of reflection we get refraction.

Hope this helps.

Mention one important decision May Ying made: What choice did she have? Why did she decide as she did? Is there any evidence that she was pleased...

An important decision May Ying made was to stay behind in Canada when her husband, Chan Sam, returned to China. In fact, part of the reason Chan Sam wanted to return was to father a son with his Chinese wife, Huangbo, before she became too old to bear children. As May Ying was not able to provide Chan Sam with the necessary male heir, Chan Sam increasingly looked to Huangbo to do so.

As his concubine, May Ying had long tired of Chan Sam's austere and authoritarian ways. So, she encouraged Chan Sam to return to China in order to preserve some semblance of her independence. May Ying wanted some respite from Chan Sam's domineering presence for as long as it was feasible. Did she have a choice in her decision to stay in Canada? It would appear so. A concubine was understood to be under the authority of the legal wife; if May Ying had returned, she would have had to cater to both Huangbo and Chan Sam's desires.

So, to sweeten the deal for Chan Sam, May Ying sought an advance on her wages to finance Chan Sam's trip back to China. She also agreed to continue sending money to help Chan Sam and Huangbo build a family home upon Chan Sam's return to China. For his part, Chan Sam was buoyed by the idea that he would increase in status and significance in his village, Chang Gar Bin, as his house took shape before his eyes.

Meanwhile, May Ying appeared to be highly pleased with her choice to stay in Canada. She had Hing, her daughter, to keep her company. Finally free from restraint, May Ying gave herself over to a life of gambling and debt to finance her new lifestyle. She took Hing with her on trips to Vancouver and Victoria, and she frequented the gambling dens in Chinatown. When she fell short of the funds to send to Chan Sam, May Ying resorted to prostitution to make ends meet. Despite her difficult situation, May Ying treasured her freedom so much that she was willing to do everything possible to keep Chan Sam in China, for as long as she could. One indication that she was pleased with her choice to stay in Canada can be seen in her conversation with her waitress friends.

When her friends expressed concern for the fact that Chan Sam kept asking for money to finance the building of a grand family home in China, May Ying responded:

"Naturally, I'll send him what he's asking for. I'll borrow. Anything to keep him in the village and out of my way," she said to nods of encouragement...To May Ying, what Chan Sam was asking for was the price of postponing the day of his return, which she was willing to pay...For May Ying, gambling and men were the answer to extending the freedom from his presence.

Please summarize and explain Jared Diamond's overall message and theme of his book, Guns, Germs, and Steel?

The general theme of Guns, Germs, and Steel is human development.  Diamond is interested in the different levels of development in different societies.  In other words, he wants to know why some societies became so much more wealthy and powerful than others.  Diamond’s overall message is that these differences are caused by geographic factors, not by any factors that are innate to the people or cultures of the various societies.

In our world today, countries populated by people of European descent are, on average, stronger and richer than others.  This was even more true a few decades ago when Diamond started to think about the issues that he explores in this book.  Many people have attributed this difference to inherent qualities of the people and cultures involved.  They have said that Europeans dominate because they are genetically superior or because their culture is more conducive to progress.  Diamond disagrees.  Diamond says that Europeans came to dominate through geographical luck.  He says that Eurasia was more suited to agriculture than any other region in the world.  Therefore, agriculture arose there first and spread more easily in Eurasia than elsewhere.  Because this area got agriculture first, it also developed civilization and technology first.  It had a longer time in which its civilizations could grow and develop.  Therefore, by modern times, Europeans and their descendants had come to dominate the world.

Diamond argues, then, that differences in human development around the world are caused by geographical luck rather than by any factors that make the people of one society superior to the people of another.

What complaint does the father have about the place where the house is located?

In the beginning of the story, the father, Mr. White, complains the house is located on property that is too remote or far away from other habitations.

According to Mr. White, the place where the house is located is one of the worst of all the "beastly, slushy, out-of-the-world places to live in." In other words, Mr. White doesn't like living in such a remote area. He contends that, because they live so far out in the country, the landlord or city government (it isn't clear who Mr. White is referring to) doesn't care to keep the roads clear, especially during inclement weather.

As a point of contention, Mr. White complains that the "pathway's a bog, and the road's a torrent." Here, he means the paths have been inundated with rainwater. Muddy or bog-like ground is notoriously difficult to walk on or wade through. Also, it appears that, due to the storm, the roads are flooded or buried under flowing streams of water. This state of affairs partly explain why Mr. White doesn't think Sergeant-Major Morris will show up.

Provide specific examples in Chapter 8 to explain Diamond's argument that the people who lived in a specific area did not determine how successful...

In Chapter 8, Diamond explains that while there are over 200,000 species of wild flowering plants, very few of them are fit for crop development. He examines three regions--the Fertile Crescent, New Guinea, and the Eastern U.S. to show that people who lived in a region weren't the major determinants of how successful domestic agriculture was in that area.

The Fertile Crescent became a center of agriculture in part because so many of the crops there are productive in the wild. The germination of their seeds occurred naturally, as soon as people began to cultivate them. In addition, many of the plants in this area are self-pollinating. This situation is very different in Mesoamerica, where there were far fewer domesticated animals to provide meat and where the staple crop, corn, was far more difficult to grow than the crops in the Fertile Crescent. Diamond also mentions New Guinea, where the naturally growing crops were also less productive; the region lacked cereal crops because there were no starting grass crops that grow there naturally. In addition, there were few candidates in the eastern U.S., as Diamond explains, to develop into major crops. Therefore, the people who live in a particular geographic area were not the major determinants of whether domestic agriculture would be successful; instead, the crops that grow there naturally were the major determinants. 

What is Scout's reference to Boo's feathery hair?

Near the end of To Kill a Mockingbird, Boo Radley fought off Bob Ewell. Bob Ewell was trying to hurt Scout and Jem, who were walking home from a school pageant in the dark.  Boo Radley defended the siblings and carried Jem home because he was injured.  Boo waited quietly against the wall in the Finch house after he brought Jem there.  Scout stared at Boo "in the dim light of Jem's room."  This was the first time that she had seen him up close.  She gazed at him with interest.

Scout noted "his sand-stained khaki pants" and "torn denim shirt."  Boo was a thin man.  She also noticed how his "face was as white as his hands" and his eyes were gray.  The last thing that Scout noticed about Boo was his hair.  Scout saw that it "was dead and thin."  She described Boo's hair as being "almost feathery on top of his head."  This was most likely a subtle reference to the feathers of a mockingbird.  Shortly after, Scout told her father that going after Boo for the death of Bob Ewell would be "'like shootin' a mockingbird.'"

When Scout watched Boo and noticed his features, she saw him as a human being.  He was no longer a mysterious, legendary figure.  He was not scary, as she had once imagined him to be.  Instead, he was a timid man with worn features.

`y' = 5x/y` Solve the differential equation

The general solution of a differential equation in a form of `y'=f(x,y)` can be evaluated using direct integration. The derivative of y denoted as `y'` can be written as `(dy)/(dx)` then `y'= f(x)` can be expressed as `(dy)/(dx)= f(x)` .

For the problem: `y'=5x/y` , we let ` y'=(dy)/(dx) ` to set it up as:

`(dy)/(dx)= 5x/y`

Cross-multiply `dx` to the right side:

`(dy)= 5x/ydx`

Cross-multiply y to the left side:

`ydy=5xdx`

Apply direct integration on both sides:

`int ydy=int 5xdx`

Apply basic integration property:` int c*f(x)dx = c int f(x) dx` on the right side.

`int ydy=int 5xdx`

`int ydy=5int xdx`

Apply Power Rule for integration: `int u^n du= u^(n+1)/(n+1)+C` on both sides.

For the left side, we get:

`int y dy = y^(1+1)/(1+1)`

            `= y^2/2`

For the right side, we get:

`int x dx = x^(1+1)/(1+1)+C`

            `= x^2/2+C`

Note: Just include the constant of integration "C" on one side as the arbitrary constant of a differential equation.

Combining the results from both sides, we get the general solution of the differential equation as:

`y^2/2=x^2/2+C`

or` y =+-sqrt(x^2/2+C)`

In Maniac Magee by Jerry Spinelli, what new characters does Maniac meet in Chapter 34? What's their connection to Maniac's past?

The two characters that Maniac meets in Chapter 34 are Piper and Russell McNab.  Their connection to Maniac's past is that they are John McNab's little brothers.  

John McNab is the boy that tried to strike out Maniac earlier in the book.  Maniac, being awesome, hit every single pitch that John threw at him.  Maniac even managed to get a home run off of a bunted frogball.  

And that's how Jeffrey Magee knocked the world's first frogball for a four-bagger.

Piper and Russell McNab are quite the pair.  They are basically the complete opposite of Hester and Lester Beale.  Piper and Russell love to argue, they love to fight, and they love to break the rules.  They fancy themselves as a pair of rebellious bad boys.  

"We stold it!" Screecher blurted.

The other smacked him with his cap. "Shut up, Piper, you stupid sausage. You don't go telling people you stold stuff."

It's their affinity for rule breaking that brings them to Maniac in the first place.  They are running away to Mexico, and that is when Maniac meets them.  Of course they have no idea how to get to Mexico, and Maniac knows that.  The two young McNabs are quite gullible, and Maniac uses that knowledge to convince them that he is a pizza delivery guy.  Maniac also tells Piper and Russell that they have won some free pizza. Maniac then tells the two boys that he will show them a shortcut to Mexico, if they return to Two Mills with him. The young McNab boys agree, and Maniac takes them home only to find out that they are the siblings of John McNab. 

For the first time Giant John looked straight at Maniac. A smile crossed his face. "Well, well, the frog man." The smile vanished. "So what're you doing with my little brothers!"

In the novel Monster, what is the verdict of the trial?

On Friday, July 17th the verdict is read and handcuffs are placed on James King, which reveals that the jury found him guilty. As the jury foreman continues to read, Steve's mother puts her hands over her face, then dramatically lifts her hands in the air. Then, the two guards standing behind Steve move away from him. Myers writes, "He has been found not guilty" (280). Steve then turns towards Kathy O'Brien to give her a hug because he is relieved about the verdict. However, O'Brien stiffens and turns to collect her papers without hugging him. Five months after the trial, Steve reveals that James King was sentenced to twenty-five years to life in prison, and Richard "Bobo" Evans remained in jail. He also mentions that Osvaldo Cruz was arrested for stealing a car and sent to a reformatory. Even though Steve admits that his father was pleased that he was found not guilty, the distance between them grew larger, and his father moved away.

How does Katniss Everdeen's character develop in Catching Fire?

The beginning of Catching Fire shows Katniss attempting to adjust to life after winning the Hunger Games. Early in the book, Katniss feels lost and uncertain, and craves a return to her simpler early life and the security of not being hated by the Capitol. As the book progresses, Katniss begins to embrace her role as a symbol of resistance against the Capitol. After witnessing the brutal treatment of the other districts, the increasing military presence in her own, and the violent punishment Gale experiences, her resolve against the Capitol is strengthened. The main character development experienced by Katniss in the book is the transition from her fear, uncertainty, and regret in the early chapters of the book to her increasing resolve and determination to fulfill her reputation as a rebel against the Capitol.

How old is Jessica from Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice?

We are not told Jessica's age.  She is a young woman, old enough to marry and to be considered pretty by the young men in the play.  Considering the early age of marriage when the play was written, we may guess that she is about 18 years old.

She could be even younger.  It was not unheard of for girls to marry in their early teens.  However, she seems to be about the same age as Portia and Nerissa.  

Portia, though young, is clearly not a little girl.  She is old enough to pass for a young man when she dresses up as one.  In fact, she mentions to Nerissa that she will make her voice sound like a young man's when it's cracking as it changes.  Thus, she is passing for a boy in his mid- to (perhaps) late teens.  This means that she is probably a little older - say, late teens or very early twenties.  

Similarly, Jessica dresses as a page boy when she runs away with Lorenzo.  So she is probably not a girl in her early teens, but rather in her mid to late teenage years. 

Also, she spends 80 ducats in one day after she runs away from her father's house.  This argues that she is a teenager.

How did the public receive The Crucible?

The debut of The Crucible at the Martin Beck Theater on Broadway in January of 1953 was met with rather lukewarm reviews, though it did receive the Tony award for best play. Brooks Atkinson wrote in The New York Times:

"After the experience of "Death of a Salesman" we probably expect Mr. Miller to write a masterpiece every time. "The Crucible" is not of that stature and it lacks that universality. On a lower level of dramatic history with considerable pertinence for today, it is a powerful play and a genuine contribution to the season."

Critics and the public alike understood that though set in Salem in 1692, the play was an allegory of the overreaching of Joseph McCarthy and the House UnAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC).  After its initial run on Broadway a second production was mounted and the play became a hit. The Crucible has been a popular revival piece since then. In 1956, Miller was called to testify in front of the HUAC just before he was to travel to Belgium for a production of The Crucible.  Because he would not implicate others, his passport was revoked.

https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/12/specials/miller-crucible53.html

 

 

What does "The Lottery" imply about traditions and ceremonies?

Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" is a powerful argument against ritual and tradition. She is not arguing that all traditions and ceremonies are inherently evil. What she is showing us is that following a ritual mindlessly can lead people to evil acts. The people in the village clearly have no idea why this ritual is performed every year. They speculate about it, that perhaps it owed its origin to some sort of sacrifice to improve the harvest, but they seem to realize how silly that is. They acknowledge that other villages are abandoning the tradition, but they adhere to it blindly, doing something because it has always been done. We are civilized human beings, who should be able to reason about right and wrong and leave behind foolish and superstitious ceremonies, which is why tribes no longer practice cannibalism and we know better than to throw young virgins into volcanoes to placate the gods. Committing a barbaric act cannot be justified just because it has always been done, nor can it be justified on the basis that our leaders have told us to commit it.

What does the term “whistleblowing” mean?

Whistleblowing is when a person reports some improper action that takes place within a business or an institution.

There is a significant amount of risk in being a whistleblower. Because a whistleblower is exposing some improper actions, the whistleblower must be prepared to provide evidence of wrongdoing. Sometimes a culture exists in a business that will protect those who are doing the improper actions. A person could lose his or her job by whistleblowing, and there is a chance things might not change. For example, in the 1970s, an employee at Firestone reported there might be a defect with a specific tire the company was making. Nothing was done about this, though, and the company eventually had to replace millions of tires and settle many lawsuits because many people were killed and injured by the defective tires.

Another example of whistleblowing was W. Mark Felt. Felt was an Associate Director at the FBI. He worked secretly with Washington Post reporters Woodward and Bernstein to share information on how President Nixon was connected to the Watergate Scandal. The reporters referred him to as “deep throat.”

A recent example of a whistleblower would be Edward Snowden. He claimed the government collects data on private individuals. Since he leaked classified documents, he has been charged with espionage. He is currently in Russia, where he was granted asylum.

Because there is a risk to whistleblowers, laws have been passed to protect them. Thirty-five states have passed laws protecting whistleblowers. The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 protects government employees who blow the whistle on improper actions. The Sarbanes-Oxley Corporate Reform Act of 2002 protects whistleblowers in publicly traded companies.

What is one thing Whitman and Dickinson had in common?

Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson both "broke the rules" of poetry, but they defied poetic tradition in different ways. Walt Whitman primarily used a free verse style. He abandoned the rhythm and meter of traditional verse forms and wrote in sentences that used the rhythms of natural speech. Most of his works did not use traditional rhyme schemes and often didn't rhyme at all.  Emily Dickinson, on the other hand, retained the rhythm and meter that poets typically used, often writing in a common ballad form. However, she defied other conventions of poetry, especially by plentiful use of slant rhyme--words that don't exactly rhyme but almost do. She also used unconventional capitalization and punctuation. She capitalized words seemingly at random and frequently punctuated lines with dashes, helping to break up the consistent rhythm and meter of her stanzas. By breaking new ground in poetry, both Whitman and Dickinson displayed individualism in their work and strongly influenced changes in poetry that would mark the 20th century. 

Why does Marcellus tell Horatio to speak to the ghost in Hamlet?

Marcellus wants Horatio to see the ghost because Horatio does not believe that there is one; also, Marcellus believes that if Horatio, a scholar, speaks to this specter, it will respond.

The play Hamlet opens with the changing of the guard on the ramparts of Elsinore Castle on a cold winter's night. Bernardo relieves Francisco, and they speak of "Not a mouse stirring" (1.1.10). 
Then, Marcellus and Horatio enter. When asked if the guards if they have seen anyone,  Bernardo replies that he has seen nothing. Marcellus tells them,

Horatio says ’tis but our fantasy

And will not let belief take hold of him

Touching this dreaded sight twice seen of us. (1.1.20-22)

Since Horatio does not believe in ghosts, Marcellus feels that if Horatio sees this ghost, it must be real. Hopefully, too, he can speak to it.
Just then the ghost enters, and Marcellus urges everyone to be quiet. Bernardo notices that it resembles King Hamlet. He remarks upon this resemblance to Horatio. Horatio replies that it does, indeed, and it frightens him. Further, Marcellus urges Horatio to question the ghost. Horatio speaks to it:

What art thou that usurp'st this time of night
Together with that fair and warlike form
In which the majesty of buried Denmark
Did sometimes march? By heaven I charge thee, speak. (1.44-47)

But the ghost will not speak to him, and it walks away. Horatio exclaims that if he had not seen it, he would not have believed in the ghost. Marcellus asks if this ghost does not resemble the deceased king; Horatio declares that it certainly does. Later, Horatio expresses some concern about this ghost because such spirits are usually harbingers of misfortunes to come. He cites how they ran through the streets of Rome, speaking gibberish before Julius Caesar was assassinated.

Before departing, Horatio suggests that they tell Hamlet what they have seen and urge him to come because then the spirit will speak to him, his son.

On page 115 of Lyddie by Katherine Paterson, what payment does Lyddie receive?

Lyddie receives fifty dollars from Ezekial on page 115 of Lyddie by Katherine Paterson.

Earlier in the book, Lyddie met the runaway slave Ezekial.  Moments before parting, Lyddie decided to give Ezekial the money that she got from selling the calf in chapter two.  The calf sold for twenty-five dollars.  Ezekial refuses to take the money as a gift.  He is only willing to accept the money as a loan, and he promises to pay it back with interest, after he reaches the safety of Canada.  

The money that Lyddie receives on page 115 is Ezekial's repayment of Lyddie's loan, plus interest.  Lyddie can hardly believe it.  Fifty dollars is a lot of money, and the repayment of the loan allows Lyddie to begin thinking that she just might indeed be able to pay off the rest of the family debt.  

With one piece of paper her account had bulged like a cow about to freshen. She must find out at once what the debt was.  She might already have enough to cover it. 

Are the Whites' three wishes granted, and do they get what they really want in "The Monkey's Paw" by W. W. Jacobs?

The Whites’ three wishes are granted, but not always in the way that they wanted.

The Whites do not really take the monkey’s paw seriously.  The Sargent-Major explains the paw is dangerous, and says they should just throw it in the fire. He even tells them the third wish of the last person to have the paw was for death.

The Whites do what most people who are presented with a magic token that grants wishes would do: they wish for money. Mr. White says he is happy and does not want anything, but his son encourages him.

"If you only cleared the house, you'd be quite happy, wouldn't you?" said Herbert, with his hand on his shoulder. "Well, wish for two hundred pounds, then; that'll just do it."

Herbert winks at his mother. He clearly thinks this is just a lark. None of the Whites realize they have made a terrible mistake. As everyone goes to bed, Mr. White thinks he sees monkeys in the fire and is disturbed.

The Whites get their money, but not in the way they wanted it. Herbert is killed in a terrible accident at the factory, and his employer compensates the Whites with two hundred pounds. This is obviously not what they wanted. They would much rather have their son than the money.

Mrs. White is overcome by grief, and wishes again on the paw. This time, she wishes for her son. 

"No," she cried, triumphantly; "we'll have one more. Go down and get it quickly, and wish our boy alive again."

The man sat up in bed and flung the bedclothes from his quaking limbs. "Good God, you are mad!" he cried aghast.

Mr. White is opposed to using the paw again. He knows things did not turn out well the first time, and is beginning to believe the paw is actually cursed. His wife is desperate with grief, though. When there is a knocking at the door, he is horrified. He worries what condition their son’s corpse will be in since he has been dead ten days.

Mr. White decides not to wait to see what is at the door. He makes the third wish, and the knocking stops. I guess you could say that this was the only time the Whites got what they really wanted. Mr. White wanted his son to rest in peace, not be some horror they could not face.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, what is Miss Stephanie's attitude toward the trial?

Miss Stephanie Crawford is the town socialite and gossip. Naturally, the Tom Robinson trial is the social event of the season for her, so she is excited and ready to soak in all the details. Aunt Alexandra even said that "Miss Stephanie Crawford's tendency to mind other people's business was hereditary" (129). That would mean that going to the trial must be a genetic impulse that she can't deny. When Miss Stephanie Crawford emerges from her home all dressed up in a hat and gloves on the day of the trial, she tells everyone that she is going to the Jitney Jungle--the market. Miss Maudie calls her out and says she has never seen her go to the market all dressed up; so, Miss Stephanie admits that she's going to the court to see what Atticus is doing. By the way she says it, she almost seems ashamed to admit that she's going to watch the trial--as if it isn't lady-like--but she can't resist. 

However, there might be a bit of a darker side behind why Miss Stephanie goes to the trial. Scout reports in chapter 26 that she overheard Miss Gates, her third grade teacher, talking with Miss Stephanie after the trial about how she seemed glad that Tom was convicted. She said that people in the black community "were gettin' way above themselves" (247). Miss Gates proves to be a very prejudiced and racist woman. Based on the company she keeps, Miss Stephanie Crawford could very well share Miss Gates's views against black people. If this is the case, then Miss Stephanie's attitude behind going to the trial would have been prejudiced in nature and hopeful to see Tom convicted.

Unlike other elements, why doesn't hydrogen have even a single neutron?

All the elements, except hydrogen, have at least 1 neutron in their nucleus. In fact, this statement is only partially correct. There are isotopes of hydrogen that have neutron/s. The isotope, protium, does not have any neutron, but deuterium has 1 neutron and tritium has 2 neutrons.

Neutrons are the stabilizers in the nucleus of an atom. The nucleus of almost all the elements consist of protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged particles and as such will repel each other (since same charges repel each other); for that reason, the nucleus would not be stable if there were only protons in it. The presence of neutrons stabilize the nucleus. Neutrons add strong forces to the nucleus, which are sufficient to overcome the electrostatic repulsion of the protons, thereby stabilizing the nucleus. This is the reason that most of the elements have about the same number of protons and neutrons in them.

In the case of hydrogen, there is only 1 proton (for protium) and hence there is no need of a neutron. This is the reason why, unlike other elements, the hydrogen atom (protium atom) does not have a neutron.

In what way is Curley lonely in Of Mice and Men?

As the son of the boss, Curley is alienated from the bindle stiffs, who avoid engaging with him out of fear for their jobs because the jealous Curley always suspects the men of flirting with his wife.

After Curley belligerently enters the bunkhouse, George warns Lennie that because of the way Curley has acted and how he has looked at Lennie, Lennie will have trouble with Curley and they will be fired. 

"Look, Lennie. You try to keep away from him, will you? Don't never speak to him. If he comes in here you move clear to the other side of the room. Will you do that, Lennie?"

Apparently, Curley is very high strung and possessive of his new wife. Of course, there is some justification for this anxiety over what his wife is doing or where she might be since there are no other women on the ranch and she is pretty and rather seductive in her actions. But, because he is always so suspicious of the other men, Curley cannot be friends with anyone. His tone of voice is always threatening to them, and he seems to be looking for a fight.
In Chapter 3, Curley steps into the bunkhouse and looks

...threateningly around the room. "Where the hell's Slim?"
"Went out into the barn," said George. "He was gonna put some tar on a split hoof."
Curley's shoulders dropped and squared. "How long ago'd he go?"
"Five-ten minutes."
Curley jumped out the door and banged it after him.

One of the workers named Whit says that he is going to watch what happens.

"Curley's just spoilin' or he wouldn't start for Slim....I like to see the fuss if it come off."

Later, Slim comes into the bunkhouse, his hands black with tar. Curley follows and apologizes to Slim, "Well, I didn't mean nothing, Slim. I just ast you."
Slim says,

"Well, you been askin' me too often. I'm gettin'...damn sick of it. If you can't look after your own...damn wife, what you expect me to do about it? You lay offa me."

Curley tries to apologize, but Carlson then injects his opinions, saying Curley should tell his wife to stay home. Letting her "hang around bunk houses" will soon bring trouble, he warns. Enraged that a mere ranch hand would talk this way to him, Curley tells Carlson to stay out of his conversation with Slim, or he can step outside with him if he wants. Carlson laughs and accuses Curley of being afraid of Slim. Moreover, he threatens Curley if he tries anything with him.

Clearly, Curley's quick temper is a problem for him. He seems to be always looking for a fight to prove that he is superior, perhaps because he is insecure about his marriage. At any rate, he finds himself without any friends because he is so suspicious of the men, suspecting that they are interested in his new wife.

How do Benvolio's actions change Romeo's way of thinking in the first scenes and what are Benvolio's desires, obstacles, actions and thoughts?

As his name suggests, Shakespeare wants the audience to see Benvolio as good, a peacemaker and a pragmatic character, in contrast to the dreamy Romeo and the volatile Mercutio. Benvolio attempts to be a good friend and cousin to Romeo in the beginning of the play as he discusses Romeo's depression over his unrequited love for Rosaline. Benvolio doesn't believe Romeo should focus so much on just one woman. He urges Romeo to look at other women:

By giving liberty unto thine eyes.
Examine other beauties.

Benvolio has a common sense approach to Romeo's problem. He knows that all Romeo needs is to find another woman. His biggest obstacle in convincing Romeo is his cousin's mostly melancholy attitude about any of his suggestions.

When the two men come across the illiterate servant in the street they find out that Rosaline will be at the party and Benvolio convinces Romeo that they should attend so he can show off other women who might be to Romeo's liking:

At this same ancient feast of Capulet’s
Sups the fair Rosaline whom thou so loves,
With all the admirèd beauties of Verona.
Go thither, and with unattainted eye
Compare her face with some that I shall show,
And I will make thee think thy swan a crow.

In Act I, Scene 4 as the Montague men are on their way to the party, Benvolio expresses his desire to simply have a good time and enjoy the dancing:

Come, knock and enter, and no sooner in
But every man betake him to his legs.

Romeo is mostly unreceptive to Benvolio's ideas. He is still gloomy and depressed. He refuses to dance, suggesting he is too heavy hearted over Rosaline and really won't be able to enjoy himself:

Not I, believe me. You have dancing shoes
With nimble soles. I have a soul of lead
So stakes me to the ground I cannot move.

In Act V, Scene 5, however, because of Benvolio's advice (they wouldn't have been at the party if it hadn't been for Benvolio), Romeo does see another beauty and uses almost the exact same language as Benvolio had used earlier when he first sees Juliet across the room:

Beauty too rich for use, for Earth too dear.
So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows

Romeo simply replaces swan with dove, but it is the same idea. It is an obvious nod to his loyal friend and cousin who has advised him well. Romeo instantly forgets Rosaline and "that name's woe" once he finds Juliet. That Benvolio never knew how much his counsel helped Romeo is unfortunate.

What is an example of human nature in Leo Tolstoy's short story "How Much Land Does a Man Need?"

The term human nature refers to the ways in which people naturally behave, feel, and think, without any influences from society. These are behaviors, feelings, and thoughts that all human beings share, regardless of culture. One element of human nature found in Leo Tolstoy's short story "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" is greed.

At first, the protagonist Poham only wants to own enough land to bring him financial security. When he hears his wife and sister-in-law bickering about which life is better, the peasant life or the urban life, Poham thinks to himself, "Our only trouble is that we haven't land enough. If I had plenty of land, I shouldn't fear the Devil himself!" (Ch. 1). Land brings financial prosperity; therefore, in saying the above, he is saying that if he had enough financial prosperity, he wouldn't be tempted into sinful behaviors by the Devil. Yet, the more land he acquires, the greedier he becomes.

At first, he purchases 40 acres from a wealthy landowner, along with other peasants in the village. But, when the neighbors begin quarreling and moving elsewhere, he imagines himself buying up his neighbors' land as well. This vision lasts until a peasant from the other side of the Volga comes to visit and tells him about all of the fertile, inexpensive land there. The peasant tempts him with the following:

The land was so good, he said, that the rye sown on it grew as high as a horse, and so thick that five cuts of sickle made a sheaf. One peasant, he said, had brought nothing with him but his bare hands, and now he had six horses and two cows of his own. (Ch. 3)

After hearing this, Pahom's greed for prosperity drives him to purchase 125 acres across the Volga; then, he nearly settles a contract to purchase another 1300 acres to grow more wheat. Either of these purchases could have provided him with plenty. Yet, his greed does not allow him to stop there. Instead, once he hears that inexpensive, fertile land could be purchased from the Bashkirs, he makes yet another deal that costs him his life.

Geography: How do naturally occurring items become resources?

Naturally occurring items are goods found in nature.  Trees, water, minerals--all of these are naturally occurring.  However, unless someone is there to utilize the items.  Trees become resources when they can be turned into timber for building, fuel for fire, or even tourist attractions which can create a positive interest in one's country.  Water can be used for hydroelectricity, irrigation, or drinking water.  Minerals are useful when people attach artificial values to them such as they do with diamonds or gold or when they serve a useful purpose, like heating homes or fertilizing fields.  These naturally occurring items must be readily accessible and in demand for them to become resources as well.  Until Americans learned how to extract natural gas from shale deposits, no one spoke of this as a resource.  The controversial practice of fracking has given Americans a very valuable resource of natural gas.