Sunday, January 23, 2011

What is the point of view in 'Frustration' by Isaac Asimov?

The narrative point of view in Asimov's Frustration is third-person. In third-person narration, the story is told referring to all characters using third-person pronouns, such as heshethey, and it. Third-person narratives never make use of first-person or second-person pronouns (and we, and you, respectively), except within character dialogue. Stories told from a third-person perspective are delivered by a non-participating observing entity who sees the characters but does not interact with or influence them. 




We can further describe Frustration's point of view as third -person limited subjective. 



  • The point of view is subjective. When referring to point of view, "subjective" means that the narrator has knowledge of things about characters that cannot be observed such as thoughts, feelings, motives, and intentions. In terms of narrative point of view, the opposite of subjective is objective. Unlike subjective narrators, objective narrators know only what can be observed and nothing about what's happening inside a character's head or heart.

  • The point of view is also limited. The narrator of Frustration does not know everything about every character. We have textual evidence that the narrator knows only Gelb's feelings. When considering point of view, the opposite of limited is omniscient. Unlike limited narrators, an omniscient narrator knows everything about every character in every place and time throughout the work.



In Frustration, we can tell that the narration is third-person limited subjective shortly after the story begins. Jonsbeck is introducing Gelb to computer-prepared food: 





"Here you are," said Jonsbeck. "The whole meal has been prepared by computer. Completely automated. Untouched by human hands. And my own programming. I promised you a treat, and here you are." 


It was good. Gelb could not deny it and didn't want to.




The narrator in this quote reveals what Gelb is thinking. Throughout the short story, the narrator does not reveal any other character's thoughts. This one instance in the text provides a wealth of information on the point of view. Although Frustration is indeed a very short story, there is still enough detail in the text to reveal a third-person limited subjective narrative point of view. 

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