El Nino is a term that is used to describe the increase in the surface water temperature of the central Pacific Ocean. This occurs when north-easterly trade winds which serve to keep the surface of the water cool are weakened. The area of ocean affected is a large area of water that when warmed, has a significant effect on the weather systems throughout the world.
El Nino results in more rainfall in parts of South America and the southwest United States. In addition, there is an increase in hurricane activity. Furthermore, El Nino increases high pressure over much of Europe resulting in drier weather with higher temperatures. The weather in Canada is warmer than usual when an El Nino event occurs. Moreover, snowfall is reduced in central U.S. states.
These weather changes can produce significant changes in agriculture for the year in which the event occurs. Furthermore, it can have an effect on the abundance and price of many commodities and goods; this can have a significant effect on developing countries. Deadly storms may be more likely to occur in some places throughout Earth. In addition, countries face a significant financial burden as a result of the aforementioned occurrences.
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