What tools does the Party use to maintain control in 1984? How effective are these tools?

In 1984, the Party uses a number of techniques to maintain control. Telescreens and hidden microphones, for example, monitor every conversation and movement of Party members, ensuring any hint of rebellion is detected by the Thought Police as soon as it occurs. In addition, the telescreens act a visual deterrent and a reminder that Big Brother is, quite literally, always watching.

The Party also uses violence and torture to maintain its grip on power. Fear of being taken to the Ministry of Love (Winston calls it being "vaporized") keeps Party members in a permanent state of fear. Winston's reluctance to write in his diary in the opening chapter is a good example of this fear.

These techniques, then, are extremely effective in maintaining the Party's control, as shown most clearly through the failure of Winston and Julia's rebellion, which ended before it really began. Moreover, the Party's ability to "re-educate" Winston and Julia demonstrates just how adept the Party is at controlling the minds of its members.