Tuesday, March 3, 2015

Which of the following stories uses first person: "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," "The Lady, or the Tiger?" or "The Necklace"?

First person narration means that the story is told by a narrator who inserts himself or herself into the story to some degree. You will be able to tell that a story is written in first person by its use of the first person pronouns, "I" and "me," in the narration, not just in dialogue. Stories can also be written in third person. Third person narration typically talks about the characters without giving personal reactions--the reader usually doesn't have a sense of who the narrator is. Of the three stories mentioned, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" uses first person narration most fully. At the beginning of the story, the narrator says, "In compliance with the request of mine, who wrote me from the East, I called on good-natured, garrulous old Simon Wheeler." Notice the first person pronouns: mine, me, and I. The narrator also inserts himself into the story at the end. On the other hand, "The Necklace" uses the pronoun "I" frequently, but only when one of the characters is speaking. The narrator of the story never inserts himself into the tale by speaking of himself, so the story uses first person in dialogue, but not in narration.


"The Lady or the Tiger?" starts out talking about the "semi-barbaric king" using third person pronouns like "he" and "him." This third person narration continues throughout most of the story, but seven paragraphs from the end, the narrator says, "The more we reflect on this situation...." "We" is a first person plural pronoun. In the final paragraph the narrator says, "It is not for me to presume to set myself up as the one person able to answer it. And so I leave it with all of you." So this story also uses some first person narration, although most of the story is written in third person.

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