Hrothgar's speech in lines 655-661 is significant for several reasons. First of all, Hrothgar, King of the Danes, transfers full control of the mead hall to Beowulf. As a member of a different tribe Beowulf is an outsider, but because he has triumphed over sea monsters and is already known as a hero, Hrothgar trusts him to take care of his people and his hall.
Secondly, Hrothgar cautions Beowulf to prepare for battle, live up to his name, and to beware of Grendel. These are rather standard lines as Hrothgar simply gives Beowulf advice before his battle.
Thirdly, Hrothgar promises Beowulf great riches if he succeeds. Because the story is an epic, we know that the hero will triumph - so it's no surprise when Beowulf defeats Grendel and is given treasure as a reward. Not only that, but Beowulf is also treated like Hrothgar's son after his victory. This was not done during the Anglo-Saxon time period, as tribes were usually not friendly with one another. Hrothgar's turning over of the mead hall to Beowulf was a foreshadowing of Hrothgar's adoption of Beowulf as a son (lines 1175-1176).
Hrothgar's speech essentially sets up Beowulf as the hero of the story with a great opportunity for victory.
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