What were the causes and long-term effects associated with the New Deal?

There were several causes that led to the launching of the New Deal. Prior to the beginning of the Great Depression, a laissez-faire attitude existed regarding the involvement of the government in the economy. That approach didn’t work once the Great Depression began. The depression was so severe that it required a lot of government intervention in the economy.

Conditions in the United States had deteriorated since the start of the Great Depression. At one point, about 25% of the American workforce was unemployed. Many people had lost their savings when the banks failed and the stock market crashed. Many people either lost their homes or farms or were in danger of losing their homes or farms because they couldn’t pay their mortgages. The American people looked to the government to try to ease these very difficult situations.

One long-term effect of the New Deal is that people still believe the government should act as a safety net when tough times occur. Whether it is a natural disaster or a serious problem with the economy, people expect the government to act in these situations.

Another long-term effect of the New Deal is that some government programs that were created during the New Deal still exist today. People depend on Social Security for all or part of their income when they retire. People also depend on unemployment benefits when they lose their job. People rely on the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to protect the money in their savings accounts.

There were many factors that led to the start of the New Deal. There also were long-term effects associated with it that still exist today.

Is WWI an important factor leading to the Russian Revolution?

World War I was absolutely an important factor leading to the Russian Revolution of 1917.  We can even argue WWI is the most important immediate cause of the revolution, but that does not mean the war caused the revolution.  Instead, the war acted as a catalyst to speed up the move towards revolution.

The Russian Revolution was really caused by the backwardness of the Russian economy and the unresponsive nature of its political system.  Economically, Russia was the least modern major country in Europe.  Its peasants were very poor and not very productive.  Its factory workers had low pay and bad working conditions.  Politically, Russia was also weak.  The Tsar ruled very much as an autocrat.  There was a legislature, the Duma, but it was weak and the Tsar dissolved it frequently.  Therefore, the people, many of whom were unhappy for economic reasons, had no way to persuade the government to do anything about their problems.  These were the root causes of the revolution.

Nonetheless, it was WWI that caused the revolution to happen right when it did.  Russian civilians suffered during the war, as most of what the economy produced went to the soldiers.  This led to shortages among the civilians, which resulted in bread riots.  During the war, the Tsar’s administration also did not perform well.  The Russian army was not very effective and did not seem to care much about the terrible number of men that it was losing in battle.  For these reasons, the Russian people became even angrier than usual.  Their anger over the war pushed them over the edge into rebellion.

WWI, then, is an important factor leading to the Russian Revolution.  It was not the root cause of the revolution, but it was the main factor that caused the revolution to begin when it did.

What are examples of duality within To Kill a Mockingbird and where are they found?

Merriam-Webster's online dictionary defines duality as "the quality or state of having two parts" (Merriam-Webster). Using this definition, we can find many examples of duality in American literature, and specifically, in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. Frequently when we discuss the notion of duality, we consider two ideas/principles/ways of being that are in opposition to each other, such as "war vs. peace" or "wrong vs. right." The characters within To Kill a Mockingbird are generally portrayed as either "wrong or right" or, to use somewhat stronger language, "good or evil." Harper Lee presents us with a depiction of humanity that is complicated and conflicted. The novel raises questions about whether one can be truly good or evil (and further, whether true evil or pure good exist), and asks us to consider the extent to which our behaviors are learned and reinforced. It presents immortality and injustice as something to be confronted, and it gives us the opportunity to examine reactions to and against these concepts.

Some examples of duality within To Kill a Mockingbird include innocence vs. experience/maturity, justice vs. injustice, comfort vs. poverty, morality vs. immortality, acceptance vs. intolerance, and many others. "Good vs. evil" can certainly be explored with To Kill a Mockingbird, but in order to do so, we must take into account how to define both ideas and whether or not gray areas (between good and evil) exist within the book. We must ask, "If these gray areas exist, where do they occur? What do they say about strict notions of good and evil?"

Ultimately, there are many ways in which duality can be explored in To Kill a Mockingbird. Contemplating the duality of justice vs. injustice, we might examine the trial and dialogue following it as an example. In Chapter 22, exiting the courthouse, Atticus and Jem have a simple exchange on the notion of justice vs. injustice and wrong vs. right:

"It ain’t right,” he muttered, all the way to the corner of the square where we found Atticus waiting. Atticus was standing under the street light looking as though nothing had happened: his vest was buttoned, his collar and tie were neatly in place, his watch-chain glistened, he was his impassive self again.
“It ain’t right, Atticus,” said Jem.
“No son, it’s not right.”
We walked home (Lee, Chapter 22).

On the notions of both innocence vs. maturity and comfort vs. poverty, we see in Chapter 12 a particularly representative example:

The Governor was eager to scrape a few barnacles off the ship of state; there were sit-down strikes in Birmingham; bread lines in the cities grew longer, people in the country grew poorer. But these were events remote from the world of Jem and me (Lee, Chapter 12). 

In the above passage, we see that Scout and Jem exist in a world of youthful innocence. They are, at least within the passage, unaffected by external events in Alabama, and they enjoy a position of relative comfort and security while city residents grow anxious about food or finances. They inhabit their own isolated space, which we might interpret as the space of childhood or the space of comfort.

When considering dualities, we can be as clever or creative as we desire, finding new and interesting ways in which concepts might oppose one another. They key to preparing any argument when interpreting and analyzing literature is finding support for it and explaining said support.

(Primary Source: Lee, Harper,To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1960. Print.)

What are some direct characterization quotes from The Shakespeare Stealer?

A clear example of direct characterization is present when Widge, the first-person narrator, describes what he saw of the stranger who came in the shadows to Bright's rectory. Widge tells the stranger's height, stature, persona, clothing, boots and beard. There are three distinct descriptive passages in Chapter 2 dedicated to the stranger. In the third passage, when the stranger leans toward the light from the pot of burning pitch, his face comes out of the shadow cast by the hood of his cloak, and Widge sees the alarming features of his visage.

When the stranger first enters the apothecary, Widge suggests that his stature was imposing and strong when he tells us that "The stranger stood just inside the doorway, motionless and silent."

The psychological impact of his stature and bearing cause Widge to say he might be a malignant force of darkness: "He might have been taken for one of the shadows [in the unlighted room], or for some spectral figure--Death, or the devil--come to claim us."

Noting that the stranger was "well over average height," Widge tells what he noticed of the stranger's clothing: "[A] long, dark cloak of coarse fabric masked all his clothing save for his leather boots."

Because of the "grotesque shadows upon the walls," Widge can at first see only one feature of the stranger's face: "The only feature I could make out was an unruly black beard, which curled over his collar."

Later, when the stranger leans over the "flickering flames of [the] pitch pot," Widge is startled at the sight of a long scar on the stranger's face: "On his left cheek, an ugly raised scar ran all the way from the corner of his eye into the depths of his dark beard."

Other details of description, like "glowering looks," are sprinkled throughout until Widge and he arrive in Leicester and Widge is handed over to servants to be given a bed and food until it is time to be taken to meet Simon Bas.

`r = 5%` Find the time necessary for $1000 to double when it is invested at a rate of r compounded (a) anually, (b) monthly, (c) daily, and...

Formula for compounding n times per year: `A=P(1+r/n)^(nt)`

Formula for compounding continuously: `A=Pe^(rt)`

A=Final Amount

P=Initial Amount

r=rate of investment expressed as a percent

n=number of compoundings per year

t=time in years

a) r=5% n=1 (annually)

`A=P(1+r/n)^(nt)`

`2000=1000(1+.05/1)^(1*t)`

`2=1.05^t`

`ln(2)=tln(1.05)`

`ln(2)/ln(1.05)=t`

`14.21=t`

Final Answer: 14.21 years

b) r=5% n=12 (monthly)

`A=P(1+r/n)^(nt)`

`2000=1000(1+.05/12)^(12*t)`

`2=(1.00416)^(12t)`

`ln(2)=12tln(1.00416)`

`ln(2)/[12ln(1.00416)]=t`

`13.89=t`

Final Answer: 13.89 years

c) r=5% n=365 (daily)

`A=P(1+r/n)^(nt)`

`2000=1000(1+.05/365)^(365*t)`

`2=(1.000136)^(365t)`

`ln(2)=365tln(1.00136)`

`ln(2)/[365ln(1.00136)]=t`

`13.86=t`

Final Answer: 13.86 years

d)`A=Pe^(rt)`

`2000=1000e^(.05*t)`

`2=e^(.05t)`

`ln(2)=.05tlne`

`ln(2)/[.05lne]=t`

`13.86=t`

Final Answer: 13.86 years

How did Henry VIII strengthen the Church of England?

King Henry VIII sought to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, which was rejected by the Catholic Church. The situation forced him to break away from the Catholic Church by establishing the Church of England, which honored his divorce.

Henry strengthened the Church of England by shifting the center of power from the Papacy to the throne. He also instituted legal changes that protected and strengthened the Church of England. The Ecclesiastical Appeals Act of 1532 instituted by King Henry VIII eliminated the Pope’s authority on religious and other public matters. The King was made the supreme authority on issues previously handled by the Pope in Rome.

The King successfully sought the ratification of three articles, which protected the royal authority on religious matters in what is known as The Submission of the Clergy. The Church was required to obtain royal approval in making church laws. Existing laws were to be reviewed by a committee selected by the King. The King’s approval was also required in preserving the acceptable laws. The authority vested in the throne allowed King Henry VIII to dissolve the monasteries and acquire their assets. The move to dissolve the monasteries shifted loyalty from the Pope in Rome to the King and the Church of England.

In The Great Gatsby, how does Fitzgerald use weather to reflect the mood of the story?

Fitzgerald uses the weather to intensify the mood in pivotal scenes in the novel. One notable example appears in chapter five on the day of Gatsby's reunion with Daisy. The weather is uncertain: rainy as Nick and Gatsby make the preparations, drizzly as Daisy arrives and she and Gatsby make their awkward re-acquaintance, and still unsettled when Nick leaves them together at Gatsby's house where "the rain was still falling, but the darkness had parted in the west."

When the tension ratchets up in chapter seven in the hours leading up to the showdown between Tom and Gatsby, the weather is described as "broiling" hot. Nick describes the hotel room where the climactic scene occurs as "large and stifling" and offering little respite from the heat they've been struggling with all day.

On the day of Gatsby's funeral in chapter nine, it rains. Nick describes raindrops "splashing... over the soggy ground," the owl-eyed man wiping his glasses "outside and in," and someone at the funeral murmuring, "Blessed are the dead that the rain falls on."