The weather was especially hot and dry in Philadelphia all during the summer and the fall, dropping the water levels of streams and ponds in the area. Mosquitoes, the disease vectors of mosquitoes (though no doctors in Philadelphia understood this at the time) breed best in stagnant water. Refugees from the Caribbean, some of whom were fleeing the Haitian Revolution that happened that year, also led to the disease outbreak. As early as July 1793, diarists were commenting on the unusual number of flies and mosquitoes around the docks that year. From July through November, over 2,000 people died in the city. George Washington and other key government officials fled the city for more upland areas during the disease. The disease finally subsided in November of that year when colder temperatures killed the mosquitoes.
This epidemic was notable because it happened in the nation's capital in 1793. Yellow fever and malaria outbreaks would be a fact of life in the American South for years to come.
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