If light waves change speed as they pass from one medium into another at an angle, the light will be refracted. To understand why this is true, one must first understand what refraction is. Refraction is generally defined as the phenomenon that occurs when a wave of light passes the boundary of one medium, and enters into another medium, leading to a change in the velocity of the light. This change in velocity also leads to a change in the wavelength of the light. Because of these changes in velocity and wavelength, the refracted light undergoes a shift in its angle in the second medium relative to the angle at which it left the first medium. This type of phenomenon is why objects underwater appear to an observer, located outside of the water, to be in a different location than the object is physically within the medium.
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