How are point of view and irony related in the story "The Interlopers"?

The story is told from a third-person omniscient point-of-view. From this vantage point, the author is able to use dramatic and situational irony to underline one of the main themes of his story: generational feuds often pose little substantial benefit for the parties involved.

As an omniscient narrator, the author is able to skilfully guide the plot of the story without revealing the surprise ending until the stunning last word: "wolves." Saki uses his third-person viewpoint to reveal only specific details at each juncture of the story.

It is not until we come to the last word that we recognize Saki's brilliance: the situational irony contained in the word "wolves" underlines the point that generational feuds are more prone to ending badly than positively. Instead of being saved by members of the von Gradwitz family (which Ulrich expects, from seeing the figures in the distance), the word "wolves" indicates that both men will likely die savage deaths side by side. Situational irony is the discrepancy between what is expected to occur and what occurs instead.

Ulrich informs Georg that he sees men in the distance. When Georg asks how many of them there are, Ulrich answers that he sees nine or ten men. Upon hearing this, Georg exclaims that they are probably Ulrich's men, as he only brought seven men out with him. As the figures draw nearer however, Ulrich is reduced to laughing "the idiotic chattering laugh of a man unstrung with hideous fear." The last word "wolves" perfectly explains Ulrich's fear, and we are left marveling at Saki's skill in using the third-person point of view to underline the irony of Ulrich and Georg's situation.

Why is Helena jealous of Hermia in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

Helena is jealous of Hermia because she thinks Demetrius likes her, and Helena likes him.

Helena is jealous of Hermia because she is interested in Demetrius, the man that Helena’s father Egeus wants her to marry.  The ironic thing is that Hermia is actually interested in Lysander instead.  Hermia and Egeus appear before Theseus, the Duke of Athens, who tells Hermia that she does not get a choice in the matter.  She has to marry the man her father chooses.

THESEUS

What say you, Hermia? be advised fair maid:
To you your father should be as a god;
One that composed your beauties, yea, and one
To whom you are but as a form in wax
By him imprinted and within his power
To leave the figure or disfigure it.
Demetrius is a worthy gentleman. (Act 1, Scene 1) 

Hermia decides that she wants to take matters into her own hands.  She and Lysander elope through the woods.  Hermia tells Helena first, which is how Helena ends up following them.  Helena also tells Demetrius. 

Once in the woods things get complicated because of supernatural means.  Puck has a special potion that makes a person fall in love with the first person he or she sees.  This is how both Demetrius and Lysander end up in love with Hermia, which makes Helena very upset and jealous.  Helena feels that Hermia always gets what she wants, with poor Helena ending up left out.   She turns her bitterness toward Hermia.

HELENA

O, when she's angry, she is keen and shrewd!
She was a vixen when she went to school;
And though she be but little, she is fierce. (Act 3, Scene 2)

In the end, the pairs are matched correctly.  Theseus is married, and Helena ends up with Demetrius.  Hermia is allowed to marry Lysander, and her father just has to deal with it.

In Huxley's Brave New World, what has the future society sacrificed in order to be happy? Is the sacrifice worth it?

In Chapters 16 and 17 of Huxley's Brave New World, Mustapha Mond has an open discussion with John the Savage, Bernard Marx, and Helmholtz Watson about the society in which they live. During this discussion, Mond reveals many of the sacrifices that had to be made in order to achieve the stable and happy society they currently have. Mond defines happiness in the following way:

"People are happy; they get what they want, and they never want what they can't get. They're well off; they're safe; they're never ill; they're not afraid of death; they're blissfully ignorant of passion and old age" (220).

John argues with the Controller that the world lacks art and literature such as Othello; yet Mond argues that Othello is not only old, but people wouldn't be able to understand it anyway if it were given to them. Mond explains that art such as Othello was sacrificed when the world chose to live in a stable world. John asks Mond to list all of the things that were sacrificed in order to have a happy and stable world. Mond mentions that real science was sacrificed, as well as God, religion, families with parents and children living together, and the freedom to choose between one lifestyle or another. 

On the other hand, Mond cites the terrible things that were also sacrificed for a better life, such as growing old and ugly, hunger, diseases, war, and any other painful or uncomfortable vices found in the world before the current system took over. The question is if the world wants to live with inconveniences, pain, and suffering, along with passion, art, literature, as well as freedom to choose between these things; or, if it wants an easy life of comfort, sensuality, drug-induced holidays, without any freedom to choose something better or worse than what is given to them. John chooses to take responsibility for his own happiness rather than live under the spoon-fed, conditioned happiness the world can offer him. For John, art, literature, and the freedom to choose how he wants to live his life are more important than Mond's superficial but stable and happy world. 

Why is Malaysian freedom of speech restricted?

The Malaysian constitution provides for a degree of freedom of the press. As with all other countries, this freedom is not entirely unlimited. In the last several years there has been significant conflict and controversy over government actions that have resulted in charges and incarcerations of Malaysian journalists and political opponents.

Many of these conflicts have revolved around the government's application of the 1948 Sedition Act. This act makes criminal any sort of behavior that might cause someone to feel “hatred” or “contempt” for the Malaysian government or constitution.

Some of the controversy around the Sedition Act comes from the fact that Prime Minister Najib Razak had pledged earlier to back a repeal effort of the act. Since reneging on his promise, Malaysia has seen a number of its journalists and members of opposition political parties tried and jailed under the terms of the Sedition Act.

What is one of the complex psychological themes with which Richard Connell’s “The Most Dangerous Game” deals?

One complex psychological theme is that of the superiority complex; which seems a modified representation of the Ubermensch as presented by Frederich Nietzche. Ubermensch is a German word for a man who is superhuman, or beyond humanity. With this superior human, then, God becomes irrelevant as man does not need to look beyond himself for contentment and satisfaction. 

General Zaroff fits this profile of the man who holds himself superior and beyond the reach of humanity and its laws. He has no use for moral law and God, setting his own rules and finding satisfaction in his life as he has fashioned it. Like for the Ubermensch, "God is dead" for Zaroff since he replaces God, deciding who will live and who will be captured or killed. For instance, the general, dressed in evening clothes at his magnificent dinner of filet mignon, tells his guest, Sanger Rainsford, "I have invented a new sensation." For this sensation, Zaroff adds, "I have had to invent a new animal to hunt." Certainly, in turning sailors and such into prey, Zaroff replaces God as he transforms people into his "inventions." 

When Rainsford is appalled to hear Zaroff talk of men that he hunts as "new animals" and "new sensations,"  he refuses to condone "cold-blooded murder"; in contrast, Zaroff declares,

"Life is for the strong, to be lived by the strong, and, if need be, taken by the strong. The weak of the world were put here to give the strong pleasure. I am strong. Why should I not use my gift?"

Clearly, Zaroff perceives himself as a superior human being--an Ubermensch--who chooses to hold men he considers as mere "game," and then hunt them for sport. The immorality of such a "dangerous game" of hunting as his is non-existent because the "dangerous game" are not considered human, but simply the "new animal." Like the Ubermensch, Zaroff holds that "God is dead"; that is, no morality enters into his arrangement as he plays the role of the superior being, who holds life and death in his hands alone.

What would a figurative language example be from this story?

Chains is full of really solid uses of figurative language.  Isabel might not be that formally educated of a girl, but her story telling language skills are very good.  Throughout the book, Isabel makes large usage of similes.  One of my favorite similes in the book is when Isabel describes what somebody's wig looks like.  

Looked more like a dead possum than a wig. 

Similar to a simile is a metaphor.  A metaphor makes a similar comparison between two different things, but a metaphor won't use the words "like" or "as" to make the comparison.  Isabel uses a great metaphor to describe herself while she is closely listening in to Master Lockton's Loyalist plans.  

I am a bookcase, I am a piece of furniture.

Isabel is willing herself to be as unnoticeable as a piece of furniture.  That way she can hear the full details of the plan.  

Another type of figurative language is hyperbole.  Hyperbole is exaggeration for the sake of emphasis.  I like the following example from Chains.  

I feared my ears might drop off.

I'm quite certain that a person's ears are not capable of just falling off, but it effectively sells the point.  

How do I write a narrative story which shows a character through their thoughts? I have to present the character through the language she uses.

A narrative is a story, and can be either fiction or nonfiction. You can use characterization through the narrator and dialogue. Dialogue is conversation between characters. The narrator could include a description of the character’s thoughts. 

Since you are supposed to use the character’s thoughts, a first person narrator might be used. First-person narrators use first-person pronouns such as “I” and “we” to tell their stories. This really makes you feel close to the character.  The main character is not directly characterized by the narrator, though, because they are the same person.  The first-person narrator describing him- or herself is a little biased. For that reason, you might want to use a third-person point of view, which means the story will use third-person pronouns such as "his" or "hers."  That way, you can be inside the character’s head and describe the character’s thoughts, too.

When you talk about characterizing through language, it means we can learn a lot about a character through his or her speech patterns, dialect (local language usage), and vocabulary. We can also learn a lot about a character through how that character interprets the world around him or her. This includes how the character describes the world around him or her.

What are three characteristics of the Nurse in Romeo and Juliet?

While playing a loving and comic role, the Nurse of Romeo and Juliet later becomes a rather fickle character.

The Nurse embodies romantic comedy as the inarticulate messenger and "sparring partner" with Mercutio. Her prolix ramblings lighten the more serious moments as, for instance, when she and Lady Capulet talk in Act I, Scene 3. When Lady Capulet mentions that Juliet is not fourteen, the Nurse rambles on and on about this and other numbers, beginning by saying, 

I’ll lay fourteen of my teeth—and yet, to my teen be it spoken, I have but four—she is not fourteen. How long is it now to Lammastide? (1.3.12-14)

Enjoying the number fourteen, she continues for another fourteen lines until Lady Capulet cuts her off with "I pray thee hold thy peace," and then the Nurse picks up on the word "peace" and rambles about this. In playing her role, the student can take a word and then do the same rambling about it.

• Loving and affectionate to Juliet

As a poor relative, the Nurse has been taken in by the wealthy Capulets to care for their baby daughter. As a result, she has developed a motherly-like fondness for Juliet, although she must also stay in Juliet's parents' good graces lest she lose her position in the Capulets' house. 

When Juliet falls in love with Romeo, the Nurse obeys her wishes and makes contact with Romeo. She demands to be assured that Romeo's intentions are genuine, and she later enables Romeo and Juliet to spend the night together before he must flee Mantua. Even in this serious moment, though, the Nurse cannot resist joking. For, when she says,

I must another way,
To fetch a ladder by the which your love
Must climb a bird's nest soon when its dark. (2.5.77-79)

The Nurse makes a bawdy joke because "climbing a bird's nest" is an earthy expression for having sex.

While the Nurse stands in contrast to Juliet in that she seems more practical than the romantic Juliet, it is yet difficult to understand why she later urges Juliet to marry Paris when she knows Juliet is already married to Romeo: 

Romeo is banished, and all the world to nothing
That he dares ne'er come back to challenge you,
Or, if he do, it needs must be by stealth... 
Beshrew my very heart, 
I think you are happy in this second match, 
For it excels your first, or, if it did not, 
Your first is dead, or 'twere as good he were, 
As living here and you no use of him. (3.5.226-238)

Here the Nurse seems callous towards Juliet, but it may be that she does not want to lose Juliet. For, if Juliet marries Paris, the Nurse will probably obtain a position in Juliet's new household. Perhaps, too, the simple and practical Nurse cannot understand the idealistic thinking of Juliet. The Nurse also could have changed her position because, after her defense of Juliet against Lord Capulet, she has suffered abuse by Lord Capulet and fears for her own safety, having nowhere else to live.

"You are to blame, my lord, to rate her so" (3.5.177) the Nurse tells Lord Capulet, and he lashes out at her verbally, perhaps even physically, as he has demonstrated in Act I that he is rather choleric. At any rate, this is the moment after which the Nurse changes her point of view.

How does Mark Twain represent realism in "The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"?

American Realism of the late nineteenth century was often satirical, and Twain's subject in this story is the assumptions that people make about one another based on where they live or were born or their social class. Twain often sought, through his work, to debunk stereotypes and attack bigotry. Thus Simon Wheeler, a rustic Western frontier type some might assume to be simple and slow, is able to outwit the sophisticated Easterner who narrates the story. American Realists often used vernacular speech in their true-to-life portrayals of ordinary people going about the business of everyday life, and that is certainly true of Simon Wheeler, who begins to relate the tale of Jim Smiley:

"There was a feller here once... in the winter of '49 or may be it was the spring of '50 I don't recollect exactly, somehow, though what makes me think it was one or the other is because I remember the big flume wasn't finished when he first came to the camp; but any way, he was the curiosest man about always betting on any thing that turned up you ever see, if he could get any body to bet on the other side; and if he couldn't, he'd change sides."

While Twain does use hyperbole to build humor, the outer frame of the story is plausible: an outsider visits a mining camp and encounters a raconteur who offers some local color and a practical joke.

What time in the speaker's life does "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" mainly take place?

This poem seems to take place in the speaker's middle age, or possibly later, as he's approaching old age.

The speaker, Prufrock, is probably an adult, and not a very young one. We can tell because he seems nervous about how his hair is growing thin, how he has a bald spot on his head, and how feels like he's growing old. He thinks about how to roll his pants and comb his hair so that he won't look so old, and he worries about how it's hard to connect with women. "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons," he says, hinting that his life has gone on for quite a while. He's desperately lonely. Plus, he's already worried about death and what might happen, if anything, after death. Toward the end of the poem, his comments about how he's "not Prince Hamlet" suggest that he's more like Polonius, the talkative old guy from the play Hamlet.

However, it's important to realize that all of the information I just listed is simply a set of clues, not explicit indications, from which we can infer that the speaker is middle-aged or older.

What are the many challenges that Will in Carolyn Reeder's Shades of Gray faces in his new home with Uncle Jed and how would you advise him to to...

Will struggles with accepting his uncle’s position on the war.  He considers his uncle a traitor for refusing to take sides.  Will’s father and brother were killed by Yankee soldiers, and his sisters died of typhoid spread from an army camp.  His mother sickened after the war ended and died as well.  As a result, Will blamed the Yankees for taking his family away from him.

Will’s bitterness makes it difficult for him to come live with his uncle.  Every time he turns around he seems to get into some kind of conflict with his new family.  His aunt is sad that his mother stopped writing to her because of Will’s uncle’s neutrality.  His cousin blames Confederate soldiers, who she calls rebels, for her sister’s death.  They confiscated the family cow, and her sister sickened without the milk.

In addition to philosophical difference with his relatives, Will has to get used to a whole new lifestyle.  He does not know how to hoe, because he had slaves to do it.  He also has never worked trap lines.  Will is proud, and it is hard for him to admit that he does not know how to do something.  He expects praise for small accomplishments, and his uncle is not accustomed to giving it.  Will refuses to call his uncle “uncle,” instead calling him sir.  This upsets his uncle.

When Will encounters a neighbor who feels the same way about his uncle, he finds himself defending him.

“He and I don’t feel the same about the war, but he’s been good to me since I’ve come here to live,” Will interrupted, backing down the porch steps. He hated having to defend his uncle to a man who’d lost two sons in the war, but he knew it would be wrong to stand by and hear him criticized. (Ch. 5)

While Will has plenty of conversation with his uncle, aunt, and cousin about his uncle’s refusing to fight, when others question it or treat his uncle baldy, he feels bad.  As much as he disagrees with his uncle, he finds it hard to condone others’ resentment of him.  Will is proud of his uncle when he fixes the mill.

One day Will gets a letter from Doc Martin back home offering to adopt him.  Will feels conflicted.  He wants to go back home, and knows he will have a more comfortable life. He doesn’t want to hurt his uncle’s feelings.  He also knows they need him.

Will still struggles with the concept of cowardice.  He calls Hank, a neighbor boy who is much bigger than him, a coward.  Hank beats him badly, and his uncle says he deserved it because he should not have called Hank a coward.  In time, Will realizes that his uncle wasn’t a coward either, and that it took courage not to fight.

Meg made an impatient gesture. “Don’t you understand that it took a lot of courage for Pa not to go to war when all the other men did?”

Slowly, he nodded, realizing that what she said was true. (Ch. 16)

Will starts calling his uncle Uncle Jed.  He also finally tells them about the letter, and that he has decided to stay.  He realized that he is where he belongs.

Will's issues are complex.  If I were to give him advice, I would tell him that he needs to see things from others' point of view. Eventually, he is able to do this.  His uncle helps him understand.  I would tell him to have an open mind.  War is complex.  This is another lesson Will learns from his uncle.  For example, when Jed allows an ex-Yankee soldier, Jim, to stay with them for a week, Will does not understand at first. The experience turns out to be enlightening for Will, and he even writes a letter to Jim telling him he understands why people do what they do. 

What is copper + magnesium sulfate?

You are asking what the reaction between copper and magnesium sulfate produces.  Actually, adding copper metal to an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate will produce no reaction.  Nothing will change.  That is because magnesium is a more reactive metal than copper.  There is a metal reactivity series based on the naturally occurring reactivity potentials of the metals on the periodic table.  This series is referenced in the link below.  Copper is one of the least reactive metals and magnesium is one of the more reactive metals.  So adding magnesium metal to copper sulfate will produce a chemical reaction (the metal will slowly dissolve as it ionizes), but adding copper metal to magnesium sulfate will produce no reaction (the copper metal will simply sit in solution).

How can you evaluate the validity of an investigation?

The validity of an investigation is an indication of how logically or factually sound the investigation is.

The following four factors can be evaluated to determine the validity of an investigation:

• 
  Reliability: In order to be reliable, an investigation must have measurements that are stable and repeatable. When measurements are repeated, the results should be similar. 

• 
  Internal Validity: Internal validity means that measurements of independent and dependent variables should be reliable (see above). There should also be a strong causal link between the independent variables and the dependent variables.

• 
  External Validity: External validity means that the investigation can be generalized to other people and situations. 

• 
  Construct Validity: Construct validity refers to how well the concepts of the investigation correspond to the measurements that are used. 

What are Charlemagne's successes and failures?

Charlemagne was one of the most lauded kings of the medieval era. During his reign (768-814), he led more than 50 military campaigns and conquered nearly all of western Europe, metaphorically rebuilding the Western Roman Empire. His empire, in fact, became known as the Holy Roman Empire and created a close link between the Church and the state. He was such an efficient and organized military commander that his campaigns inspired Napoleon.

Unfortunately, Charlemagne's success as a ruler did not extend to his descendants. Charlemagne's son, Louis, was a weak ruler; his sons, in turn, divided the empire into three parts at the Partition of Verdun (843), and the empire further dissolved from there. Thus, one could say that while Charlemagne successfully built the Holy Roman Empire, he failed to ensure that the empire would remain strong after his death.

How is Macbeth a statement of evil and how do others contribute to this?

Although Macbeth gradually embraces evil, viewing him only in terms of his criminal behavior is not a precise examination of his character. When we take a look at his soliloquies, which often reveal his fears and doubts, we can realize Macbeth is a complex character who has a conscience. Even when he tries to come across as brutal and evil, his conscience keeps haunting him. In his famous soliloquy when he proclaims life is futile, Macbeth realizes our lives mean nothing in particular. We are mere shadows on the planet, and the power we gain is temporal. If Macbeth were wholly evil, he would be preoccupied with causing more harm and would not think about the futility of life and other philosophical issues. 

Although Macbeth alone is to blame for initiating his own downfall, his wife and the witches have an impact on him. Lady Macbeth's persuasive speech motivates Macbeth to go after his "black and deep desires." The witches' prophecy is another factor that influences Macbeth. He becomes obsessed with the prophecy and decides to take matters into his own hands.

Hypothetically speaking, it has been five years since the trial in Monster. How has Steve changed?

At the end of the novel, Steve Harmon comments that he has been making films where he continually talks to the camera and tells it who he really is. Steve also mentions that he allows his younger brother, Jerry, to use the camera and says that his father moved away. Steve says that he understands the distance and mentions that the reason he makes films is to get to know himself. Steve also wants to know what Miss O'Brien saw when she looked at him and turned away.

Hypothetically, five years after the trial, Steve finally understands himself. After years of experimenting by making movies of himself and thinking deeply about his conscience and life decisions, Steve has realized that he is simply a flawed individual, like the rest of humanity, who has both positive and negative character traits. His self-examination has lead him to understand the complexities regarding the duality of human nature. Steve has explored his own morality and followed his mother's suggestion to read the Bible. After reading the scriptures, he has a developed a new perspective on life and has asked for repentance. Steve's love of film making and his drive to positively impact future generations has motivated him to make movies that inspire the youth to think and act independently.

Why might you want to use the Communative Property to change the order of the integers in the following sum before adding? For example: -80 +...

An operation follows the Commutative property if changing the order of the numbers in the operation does not change the outcome. Thus, addition (and multiplication) are commutative (i.e., a+b=b+a or a*b=b*a). 

In a problem where multiple numbers are being added together, you must remember that the Order of Operations dictates that you must work left to right. So in the case of

`-80+(-173)+(-20)`

The first two numbers are added together first, then the third number is added to that sum. Using the Commutative property to reorder the numbers can make the addition steps much easier, especially when doing mental math. This sum can be commuted as

`-80+(-20)+(-173)`

But now each addition step is easier. The first two numbers sum easily to -100, which is then an easy number to add to -173 (resulting in -273).

The Commutative property allows you to reorder things so that performing the operations may be simpler.

How did Wilfred Owen's personal life affect his poetry?

Wilfred Owen once wrote, "The poetry is in the pity," and he spent much of his life feeling sympathy for the oppressed. This sympathy is certainly evinced in his poetry.

When he was near the age of ten, his devoted mother took Wilfred on holiday to Broxton by the Hill, which is near Wales and has a lovely countryside. Owen declared in a poem it was there that his "poethood" was born. While he did go forward in his schooling, Owen was forced because of financial difficulties to leave the University of London and be a pupil and a lay assistant to the Vicar of Dunsden, Oxfordshire. It was thought, then, that Wilfred should take orders, but although he felt great sympathy for the suffering of others, he was not sufficiently convinced of the powers of faith and Christianity to relieve this suffering.

Owen left the religious life and went to teach at the Berlitz school in Bordeaux. The incipience of war made Owen impatient with his life, so he returned to England and enlisted. Owen was later sent to the western front in 1917; then, because it was so cold and the fighting was fierce, Owen became ill and was sent to a hospital where he met the poet Siegfried Sassoon. Sassoon encouraged Owen in his poetic efforts, and he assured Owen that his experiences at the front when he returned would help his poetry. Sadly, Owen returned to the front and died a week before the armistice.

Wilfred Owen once wrote to his mother that his life was composed of "bouts": bouts of religion, bouts of horrifying danger, and bouts of poetry. Always, however, Owen felt affection for his mother and sympathy for the oppressed. 

Indeed, there is a poignancy in the Romantic images of the poetry of Wilfred Owen. In his "Dulce et Decorum Est," Owen expresses his sympathy for the suffering of humanity as well as his bitterness at the senseless harm done to men for the selfish purposes of those in power. Likewise, in "Anthem for Doomed Youth," he expresses his anger and pity for the soldiers whose deaths are marked by no choirs or bells, but only "shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells." Other poems, such as "Disabled"--

To-night he noticed how the women's eyes
Passed from him to the strong men that were whole
How cold and late it is! Why don't they come
And put him into bed? Why don't they come?--

and "Mental Cases," a haunting poem, comment with deep pathos upon the ruined lives of soldiers that he, unfortunately, viewed first-hand. Without doubt, his war experiences probably had the greatest influence upon Wilfred Owen's verse.                                                      

What does the bent body of the man with the hoe signify?

In Markham's "The Man with the Hoe," the man is bent over because of "the weight of the centuries" (line 1) that he bears and because of the weight of the "the burden of the world" (line 4), which presses down upon him. This is a homage and a lament for the working man throughout time, who toiled in the fields or a steel mill, oppressed by the wealthy few, who have through their greed oppressed working people, taken away the light and music in their souls, condemning them to long, grueling days and nights of work, for virtually nothing in return. This poem is based upon a painting of the same name by Jean-Francois Millet. The painting portrays a man who is bent over, working a rocky ground. The plight of the working man has not really changed much throughout history. In spite of modern features such as minimum wage and OSHA regulations, many working people are still bent over metaphorically, if not literally.

Why did John Smith say that "who will not work shall not eat?"

John Smith allegedly said this because many of the Jamestown colonists had come to Virginia in search of adventure and riches and were unwilling to do the hard work necessary for the colony to survive. This, along with shortsightedness and a failure to cultivate the good will of area natives, nearly led to the colony's extinction more than once. When Smith was elected head of the colony in 1608, he attempted, with some success, to impose discipline on the settlers through edicts like the one he described in his book. People who were not willing to contribute their labor to the success of the colony would not be fed by the others who were willing to labor. Smith was wounded by a gunpowder explosion, and after he left, the colony nearly fell apart again, experiencing war with the neighboring Indians and the so-called "starving times" which led to the deaths of dozens of colonists.

What does this quote from Of Mice and Men tell us? "His arms gradually bent at the elbows and his hands closed into fists."

This quote describes Curley's general posture and attitude. He is small and he is totally insecure. He's always chasing his wife around the ranch. This shows that he has little control over her and is easily made jealous. Because of his small stature, he tries to compensate by behaving in an aggressive way. He tries to intimidate others. Shortly after this quote, Curley leaves and the swamper describes his personality to George: 

Curley’s like alot of little guys. He hates big guys. He’s alla time picking scraps with big guys. Kind of like he’s mad at ‘em because he ain’t a big guy. You seen little guys like that, ain’t you? Always scrappy? 

Curley's hands are closed fists because he wants others to think he is always ready and willing to fight. His elbows are bent to indicate he can and will get his arms into a fighting stance. The narrator adds that Curley gives George and Lennie a "pugnacious" glance. This means he is quick to argue or fight. The swamper tells George and Lennie that Curley used to be a lightweight fighter. Because of his insecurities, Curley has always tried to present himself as an aggressive person and someone to be feared. His body language shows this as well. 

What is a summary for chapter 1 of Lyddie?

The first chapter of the novel Lyddie begins with a bear in the Worthen cabin. The bear pushes its head through the door that Charlie left ajar. Lyddie tells the rest of the family to move quickly and smoothly up into the loft. She remains below on the main floor, keeping her eyes fiercely locked with the eyes of the bear as it pokes its head through the doorway. Lyddie backs up toward the ladder and climbs it herself.

Only then does the bear come fully into the cabin. It pokes around curiously and ends up sticking its nose into a kettle of porridge bubbling over the fire. The kettle gets stuck on the bear's head, and it staggers around the cabin and then out the door. Lyddie and her siblings burst out laughing, but Mrs. Worthen takes the event as a sign that the end of the world is upon them. She decides it is time to go live with her sister to await the end. Lyddie tries to dissuade her mother, but she says that if they don't leave the farm now, they will find themselves at the poor farm.

The children's father has been away for two years, and they have no idea whether he will return. Lyddie tells her mother that she and Charlie will stay at the farm waiting for their father's return. Charlie takes his mother and the two little girls to Uncle Judah's farm and returns after two weeks. Lyddie and Charlie manage to survive through the winter in the cabin by eating rabbits and soup made from peeled bark. When the cow births its calf, they enjoy cream and milk again. One day in the spring the shopkeeper's wife from the village general store brings the children a letter from their mother. She has hired them out to the mill and the tavern to pay the family debts, and she has sold the cow and horse and let out the land to Mr. Wescott. Lyddie cries upon reading the letter. Charlie tries to cheer her up by making a joke about their mother's wish for the end of the world and her poor spelling. Charlie and Lyddie laugh together, but Lyddie is still heartbroken at having to leave Charlie and their farm. 

In "The Scarlet Ibis," what language does the author use to create the tone?

In James Hurst's short story "The Scarlet Ibis," a variety of language is used to create a tone that is reminiscent, forlorn, and bittersweet. 

James Hurst's story is narrated by a character known only as "Brother". The narrator is reminiscing about events from his childhood. His disabled brother, born when the narrator was six years old, is named William Armstrong. Brother nicknames his brother "Doodle," because he crawls backwards like a doodle bug. Doodle wasn't expected to ever be able to walk and wasn't expected to live very long. The narrator explains that his pride compels him to push Doodle to learn to walk, and once he accomplished that, he felt the urge to go further, which eventually results in Doodle's tragic death from heart failure.

"The Scarlet Ibis" is filled with vivid imagery and figurative language. An examination of the first two paragraphs of this story provides many examples of the imagery and figurative language Hurst uses to create the tone. 

"It was in the clove of seasons, summer was dead but autumn had not yet been born, that the ibis lit in the bleeding tree. The flower garden was strained with rotting brown magnolia petals and ironweeds grew rank amid the purple phlox. The five o'clocks by the chimney still marked time, but the oriole nest in the elm was untenanted and rocked back and forth like an empty cradle. The last graveyard flowers were blooming, and their smell drifted across the cotton field and through every room of our house, speaking softy the names of our dead."

Hurst's use of personification in this paragraph creates a reminiscence that draws the reader to a time of reflection. Hurst describes summer as being "dead," and autumn "not yet born." He describes the flowers by the chimney as "marking time," and the graveyard flowers "speaking softly the names of our dead." This creates a scene of remembering the past, one in which nature is participating in the reflection, and the tone that is created invites the reader to slow down and reminisce with the narrator. 

His use of simile in this paragraph foreshadows the tragic events to come. The oriole nest is described as "untenanted and rocked back and forth like an empty cradle." An empty nest creates an image of loss, or at least one of change, with the occupants either gone from this world or moved on. The empty cradle creates the same effect. 

The imagery Hurst uses creates a forlorn effect. The magnolia petals are rotting, and the ironweeds are rank. The ibis lands in a bleeding tree. The blooming flowers smell wafts through the house, but the smell is reminding the narrator of dead loved ones. 

"It's strange that all this is still so clear to me, now that summer has long since fled and time has had its way. A grindstone stands where the bleeding tree stood, just outside the kitchen door, and now if an oriole sings in the elm, its song seems to die up in the leaves, a silvery dust. The flower garden is prim, the house a gleaming white, and the pale fence across the yard stands straight and spruce. But sometimes (like right now), as I sit in the cool, green-draped parlor, the grindstone begins to turn, and time with all its changes is ground away-and I remember Doodle."

In this paragraph, the narrator paints a scene of a beautifully kept house with a manicured garden that has seen many changes over the years. The narrator's word choice, "Time with all its changes is ground away--and I remember Doodle." lets the reader know that something has happened to Doodle, or with his relationship with Doodle. The narrator states that it is strange that it's all still so clear in his memory, suggesting a lot of time has passed. The bleeding tree is gone, replaced with a grindstone, and the narrator states that its loss has caused the song of birds to be lost, as well. This sets the scene that events that are coming will be bittersweet.  

The narrator describes boyhood joys in the story as well as sibling cruelty. He discusses the problem of his pride and declares himself to be enslaved to his pride. He describes the events from the memory of a child, and with the perspective of an adult, which creates a tone that is reminiscent, forlorn, and bittersweet.  

What is a passage from In Cold Blood that describes Capote's attitude towards Dick and Perry's relationship?

In the first section, "The Last to See them Alive," there is a passage in which Perry is waiting for Dick at a Kansas cafe called the Little Jewel. Capote writes from Perry's point of view, "Still no sign of Dick. But he was sure to show up; after all, the purpose of their meeting was Dick's idea, his 'score'" (page 14). Capote presents the Clutter robbery and murders as largely Dick's idea (though in this passage, Dick is contemplating going to Mexico).

Capote sees Perry as twisted and manipulated by Dick, who is unsympathetic towards Perry's needs. For example, later in this passage, Capote writes about the two large boxes Perry carts around with books, maps, and letters: "Dick's face when he saw those boxes! 'Christ, Perry. You carry that junk everywhere?'" Capote portrays Dick as hardened and unsympathetic, while Perry, whose history of abuse at the hands of his parents and foster caregivers Capote relates in harrowing detail, is presented as more sympathetic and as Dick's pawn. Later in this same passage, Perry romantically suggests prospecting for gold, and Dick dismisses the idea by referring to the movie Treasure of the Sierra Madre and saying, "Whoa, honey, whoa. I seen that show. Ends up everybody nuts" (page 15). Dick is clearly in control of their relationship, and he discounts Perry's ideas, dreams, and emotions. 

From Bridge to Terabithia, please explain the statement: "His mother always cried poor."

To cry poor is to whine, complain, or make excuses about how you're very poor or how your life is hard because you're very poor.

For example, you're crying poor if you say, "Uhh, I really really want extra cheese on my pizza, but I sooo can't afford it right now," or "I could look as trendy as SHE does if I could shop at those fancy stores too," or "I'm so stressed right now; I have to choose between upgrading my awful computer and paying my cell phone bill on time because there's no way I can do both."

Crying poor is something that Jesse's mother does because she really is poor and her life really is hard, but crying poor is still considered whiny, unattractive behavior. 

The narrator tells us in Chapter 8 about how she does this:

His mother always cried poor, but she put a lot of thought and as much money as she could scrape together into making sure she wouldn't be embarrassed by how her family looked.

What this means is, normally, if Jesse's sisters asked their mother for new clothes, she'd usually say something like, "No way. You know we can't afford that, with times being so hard." She could just be honest and straightforward with her girls, but by adding the touch of complaint to her words and trying to make her daughters feel guilty or ashamed for asking, the mother is crying poor.

What are the strengths and weaknesses of polls?

Of course, not all polls have the same strengths and weaknesses.  Some polls are conducted better than others.  However, all polls at least share some potential strengths and weaknesses.

The main strength of polls is that they can tell us about the opinions of a large number of people without us having to ask every single person for their opinion.  Polls make use of scientific sampling techniques that allow them to interview a relatively few people and extrapolate the results to tell us what all the people in a population think.  This allows us to learn what all the people in our country (or in a state or other population) think on a variety of issues.  We would not be able to learn this if we always had to ask every member of a population for their opinion.

The major weakness of polls is that they do not always do a good job of telling us what people think.  One problem is that the poll questions might not give all the options that people want.  Let us say that a poll asks me whether I think that we should deport illegal immigrants.  The choices are yes or no.  What if I think that we should deport some illegal immigrants but not all of them?  In this case, the poll does not do a good job of capturing my opinion.  Typically, polls are weak at capturing opinions on nuanced issues that do not lend themselves to easy “yes or no” answers.

A second problem is that the wording of poll questions can influence people’s responses.  Imagine two poll questions that are meant to gauge opinion on the same issue.  One asks “Do you think the US should prevent all foreign Muslims from entering the country?”  The other says “Donald Trump has proposed banning all foreign Muslims from entering the country.  Do you agree with this policy?”  The second question might really end up measuring support for Trump rather than support for this particular policy.  Polls can be weak because they can often give skewed results due to problems in how questions are worded.

A third weakness is that people do not always tell pollsters what they really think.  Imagine that you are asked the above question about Muslims.  You believe we should exclude them, but you do not want to say so because you think that the pollster will disapprove of you if you voice such an opinion.  This can cause misleading poll results that are skewed in favor of socially acceptable answers.

A final weakness of polls today is related to technology.  Polls have long been conducted by calling people on their landline telephones.  Today, many Americans no longer have landlines and instead use cell phones only.  This means that polls that use only landlines might not be reaching a representative sample of Americans.

`int_1^4 1/(xsqrt(16x^2-5)) dx` Evaluate the definite integral

Make the substitution  `u = sqrt(16x^2 - 5),` then `16x^2 = u^2 + 5,`

`du = (32x)/(2sqrt(16x^2 - 5)) dx = (16 x dx)/sqrt(16x^2 - 5),`

or  `dx/sqrt(16x^2 - 5) = (du)/(16 x).`

The limits of integration for `u` are from `sqrt(11)` to `sqrt(251).`

The indefinite integral becomes  `int (du)/(16x^2) = int (du)/(u^2 + 5),`

which is equal to `1/sqrt(5) arctan(u/sqrt(5)) + C.`

This way the definite integral is

`1/sqrt(5) (arctan(sqrt(251/5)) - arctan(sqrt(11/5))) approx0.2026.`

`int x^2 /(3 + 4x - 4x^2)^(3/2) dx` Evaluate the integral

`intx^2/(3+4x-4x^2)^(3/2)dx`

Let's rewrite the denominator of the integrand,

`=intx^2/(-(4x^2-4x+1)+4)^(3/2)dx`

`=intx^2/((2^2-(2x-1)^2))^(3/2)dx`

Now let's use the integral substitution,

Let `2x-1=2sin(theta)`

`=>2x=1+2sin(theta)`

`=>x=(1+2sin(theta))/2`

`dx=1/2(2cos(theta))d theta`

`dx=cos(theta)d theta`

Plug the above in the integral,

`=int((1+2sin(theta))/2)^2/(2^2-2^2sin^2(theta))^(3/2)cos(theta)d theta`

`=int1/4((1+2sin(theta))^2cos(theta))/(2^2(1-sin^2(theta)))^(3/2)d theta`

`=1/4int((1+2sin(theta))^2cos(theta))/((2^2)^(3/2)(1-sin^2(theta))^(3/2))d theta`

`=1/4int((1+2sin(theta))^2cos(theta))/(2^3(1-sin^2(theta))^(3/2))d theta`

Now use the identity:`1-sin^2(x)=cos^2(x)`

`=1/32int((1+2sin(theta))^2cos(theta))/(cos^2(theta))^(3/2)d theta`

`=1/32int((1+4sin(theta)+4sin^2(theta))cos(theta))/(cos^3(theta))d theta`

`=1/32int(1+4sin(theta)+4sin^2(theta))/(cos^2(theta))d theta`

`=1/32int(1/(cos^2(theta))+(4sin(theta))/(cos^2(theta))+(4sin^2(theta))/(cos^2(theta))d theta`

`=1/32int(sec^2(theta)+4tan(theta)sec(theta)+4tan^2(theta))d theta`

Now use the identity:`tan^2(x)=sec^2(x)-1`

`=1/32int(sec^2(theta)+4tan(theta)sec(theta)+4(sec^2(theta)-1)d theta`

`=1/32int(5sec^2(theta)+4tan(theta)sec(theta)-4)d theta`

Now use the standard integrals,

`intsec^2(x)dx=tan(x)+C`

`intsec(x)tan(x)dx=sec(x)+C`

`=1/32(5tan(theta)+4sec(theta)-4theta)+C`

We have used the integral substitution `2x-1=2sin(theta)`

`=>sin(theta)=(2x-1)/2`

`theta=arcsin((2x-1)/2)`

Now let's find the `tan(theta)` and `sec(theta)`  using the right triangle with angle `theta` and opposite side (2x-1) and hypotenuse as 2,

Use pythagorean identity to find the adjacent side A:

`A^2+(2x-1)^2=2^2`

`A^2+4x^2-4x+1=4`

`A^2=4-1+4x-4x^2=3+4x-4x^2`

`A=sqrt(3+4x-4x^2)`

`tan(theta)=(2x-1)/(sqrt(3+4x-4x^2))`

`sec(theta)=2/(sqrt(3+4x-4x^2))`

Now plug these in the above solution,

`=1/32(5*(2x-1)/(sqrt(3+4x-4x^2))+4*2/(sqrt(3+4x-4x^2))-4arcsin((2x-1)/2))+C`

`=1/32((10x-5+8)/sqrt(3+4x-4x^2)-4arcsin((2x-1)/2))+C`

`=1/32((10x+3)/sqrt(3+4x-4x^2)-4arcsin((2x-1)/2))+C`

Describe Bryon's first meeting with Cathy.

In Chapter 2, Bryon heads down to the snack bar while he is visiting his mother at the hospital. When he is looking at the menu, he hears a voice say, "Can I take your order?" (Hinton 12). Bryon looks up to see a "really cute chick" that recognizes him. Bryon mentions that she had a big smile on her face and looked familiar, but he cannot remember her name. When Bryon comments that he didn't know she worked at the snack bar, she says, "I just started this week. But you knew I just got back, didn’t you?" (Hinton 13). Bryon simply says, "Oh, yeah" as he continues to try to remember her name (Hinton 13). She proceeds to take Bryon's order, and when she returns, Bryon recognizes her smile and yells, "Cathy!" (Hinton 13). Cathy seems surprised Bryon didn't remember who she was. Bryon then explains that the last time he saw her, she had short hair and braces. Bryon says to Cathy that the only way he was able to recognize her was because she looked so much like M&M. Cathy tells Bryon that she takes his comment as a compliment and says, "M&M is a beautiful child and he has a beautiful smile to match his mind" (Hinton 14). Bryon agrees with her and awkwardly tells Cathy that he would like to talk to her sometime. Cathy says, "All right...we'll talk sometime" before Bryon leaves (Hinton 14).

Bryon's first meeting with Cathy is rather awkward because Bryon does not recognize Cathy at first. Cathy seems very nice and doesn't take offense when Bryon tells her that he forgot who she was. When Bryon attempts to ask her to hang out, he begins to stutter. After their initial conversation, Bryon is upset with himself because he didn't come off as the smooth boy that he typically is.

An archaeologist finds the Carbon-14 in a sample of 3.10 g of material to be decaying at 107 counts per second. A modem 1.00 g sample of the same...

Hello!

Denote the mass of the older sample as `m_1` and of the modern as `m_2` . The older sample contains `x_1` grams of Carbon-14 and the modern `x_2` . Also denote the half-life as T and the age of the older sample as E years. And denote the number of counts per second as `n_1` and `n_2.`

After the time T half of Carbon-14 atoms remains, after 2T 1/4 remains and after time t `1/2^(t/T)` remains (this is true for t less than T also).

Therefore E years ago there was `x_1*2^(E/T)` atoms in older sample, and because materials are the same,

`(x_1*2^(E/T))/x_2=m_1/m_2.`

Now use the number of counts per second. Denote one second in years as s. Then

`x_1(1-2^(-s/T))=n_1, x_2(1-2^(-s/T))=n_2.`

Thus `x_1/x_2=n_1/n_2` and from the first equation

`2^(E/T)=m_1/m_2 * n_2/n_1` , or

`E=T*log_2(m_1/m_2*n_2/n_1).`

In numbers it is approximately 12200 years.

In Saki's "The Open Window," how does Vera's fabricated story influence Mr. Nuttel to believe her?

Vera's fabricated story convinces Mr. Nuttel that she is telling the truth for three main reasons. First, he doesn't personally or casually know the men involved in Vera's story, so there is no prior knowledge from which Mr. Nuttel can draw a conclusion that she is lying. In fact, Vera makes sure that he doesn't know the men before she tells the story by asking him, "Do you know many of the people round here?" Then she rephrases the question to make sure Mr. Nuttel doesn't know the family well by asking, "Then you know practically nothing about my aunt?" Once both questions are answered negatively, then Vera can tell her fictional tale without being discovered as a liar or a prankster.

Next, Vera is a great actress and convinces him through her body language and facial expressions that she actually believes that the men approaching the house are supernatural. The following passage describes her well-played acting skills:

"The child was staring out through the open window with dazed horror in her eyes. In a chill shock of nameless fear Framton swung round in his seat and looked in the same direction."

Since the passage says that Framton swings around to see what the child is looking at, it can then be inferred that Vera's acting skills are very convincing. 

Finally, the fabricated story is a believable one. In fact, Vera doesn't tell the story of an unlikely tragedy at all. It is entirely possible for men to become trapped in swamps while hunting and fall victims to a fatal accident.

"In crossing the moor to their favorite snipe-shooting ground, they were all three engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. . . Their bodies were never recovered."

Therefore, Vera's story is believable because Mr. Nuttel doesn't know the men about whom the story is told, Vera is a convincing actress, and the tale of the tragedy is plausible. Mr. Nuttel proves Vera has convinced him when he runs out the door after seeing the men who he believes are ghosts coming towards the house.

What preparations did Anne and Margot make in the morning before leaving for a safe hideout?

The Franks left everything at their house as if they were just stepping out, and put on as many clothes as they could.

The Frank family was very careful before they went into hiding.  They did not want anyone to know that they had run away.  The plan was to make their house look like they were just living there and would be back any minute.

Margot is called up first, which shocks Anne.  She is only sixteen years old.  They assumed their father would be called first.  This is the Frank family’s signal to go into hiding.

In this way, the Gestapo will not realize that the Franks are in hiding until they are safely hidden away in the Annex.  The family had to leave most of their possessions behind and their house just the way it was.  They brought just what they could carry, wearing as many of their clothes as they could. 

No Jew in our situation would dare leave the house with a suitcase full of clothes. I was wearing two undershirts, three pairs of underpants, a dress, and over that a skirt, a jacket, a raincoat, two pairs of stockings, heavy shoes, a cap, a scarf and lots more. (WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1942) 

The family does not say good-bye to anyone, but they leave a note for a neighbor to take care of Anne’s cat.  The cat is the only one Anne says good-bye to.  Anne packs whatever she can into her school bag, making sure to take her diary.  She will not look unusual carrying a school bag. 

The stripped beds, the breakfast things on the table, the pound of meat for the cat in the kitchen -- all of these created the impression that we'd left in a hurry. But we weren't interested in impressions. We just wanted to get out of there, to get away and reach our destination in safety. Nothing else mattered. (WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1942) 

Anne and Margot went by bicycle, followed by their parents.  The bicycles had to be hidden when they arrived.  Anne felt that she was riding off into the great unknown because she did not know where they were going.  She just knew that her father had made arrangements for them to hide for the duration of the war.

In Animal Farm, how does Orwell use the narrative voice to portray Clover's distress in Chapter Seven?

In Chapter Seven of Animal Farm, Napoleon takes his brutal revenge on the animals who have questioned his authority. In the aftermath, Clover has a pensive moment on the knoll, prompting a change in Orwell's narrative voice.

What is most striking in this portrayal of Clover's distress is the use of setting. Using heavy description, Orwell portrays Clover in a "clear spring evening," amid the "young wheat" and the "red roofs" of the farm buildings. This idyllic world filled with beauty and equality contrasts sharply with the preceding paragraphs in which Napoleon exacts his revenge amid the "tumult" and violence.

In addition, Orwell's narrative style gives Clover a voice:

If she could have spoken her thoughts, it would have been to say that this was not what they had aimed at when they had set themselves years ago to work for the overthrow of the human race. 

In doing this, Orwell allows Clover and the reader to connect. This enables the reader to understand and empathize with Clover and the other animals as they come to the stark realization that Napoleon is just as brutal as Mr. Jones ever was.

How are Mercy and Judith's reactions to Kit's dresses different?

When Judith first sees Kit's fine dress, she gazes at it admiringly.  She begs Kit to open her trunks full of dresses.  Mercy cautions her sister against idleness.  Then she begins to reason that it may be acceptable to take out a little time to look inside the trunks.  

Kit opens her trunks and shows her cousins the clothes and accessories.  Judith holds and touches the various items, admiring each one.  Mercy approaches the items in the trunks with timidity.  It seems like forbidden fruit to get so excited about such things to Mercy.  She is hesitant, though she finds beauty in the dresses and other items.  There is a contrast in the ways that the sisters approach the gloves Kit gives them.

Judith had the gloves on before the sentence was finished, and stood stretching out her slender arms admiringly.  Mercy stroked hers with a timid finger and laid them gently aside (The Witch of Blackbird Pond, Chapter 4).

As Judith tries on a bold-looking dress, Mercy quietly admires a blue shawl.  Mercy truly finds the shawl beautiful, and she expresses how much she likes it.  Still, she is hesitant to take it as a gift from Kit.

What does Winnie see in the woods that causes the Tucks to kidnap her?

The Tucks kidnap Winnie because she's seen their immortality-granting water source in the woods.

In Chapter 5, Winnie sees Jesse Tuck drink from the spurt of water in the forest that he tries to keep hidden. It is this secret source of water—which we find out later gives eternal life to whoever drinks it—that nobody outside of the Tuck family was supposed to see, but Winnie saw it. When Mae Tuck walks up to Winnie and Jesse near the end of Chapter 5 and realizes what has happened, she places her hand over her heart, her expression becomes "bleak," and she tells her family: "The worst is happening at last." She means someone — Winnie — found out her family's secret.

As Chapter 6 opens, the Tuck family kidnaps Winnie. They're desperate to protect their secret, so they whisk her off her feet onto the horse, carrying her deeper into the forest.

Winnie, who doesn't even realize that the spurt of water was such a big deal, finds the experience very strange, especially considering how her kidnappers are now pleading with her not to be scared and promising they'll soon explain why they're taking her. She'd always imagined instead that if she were to be kidnapped, it would be by rough, ugly people, and she would be the one pleading. 

In Silas Marner, what did the people at the party think of Godfrey and Nancy?

In chapter 11, the party serves as the setting of one of the most poignant encounters between Nancy Lammeter and Godfrey Cass. Keep in mind that the Lammeter and the Cass clans are two of the most influential families in Raveloe. Like it often occurs with small, cohesive towns, some families with property, rank, history or money tend to stand out over the common folk. In that fashion, the townsfolk often imagine the spirit of greatness that accompanies these families will be perpetuated by joining their children in matrimony.

This being said, the townspeople saw the way Godfrey and Nancy were together at the party, although at the same time they were not so into each other that their actions would be too obvious. They referred to this behavior as "sweethearting."

I see he's for taking her away to sit down, now they're at the end o' the dance: that looks like sweethearting, that does."

Basically, in traditional "townfolk talk" the people are noticing both young persons want to get closer to one another. They see that they are getting closer physically and emotionally. The dynamics that could later turn into a full-fledged relationship are all there. Marriages and celebrations are big deals in traditional settings, so the blossoming of a relationship, especially one which would be quite popular, is always a topic of choice in a place such as Raveloe.

Which character is Juliet's mother's foil?

A foil is a character that highlights the qualities of another character, often through direct contrast; by generating a secondary character with differing personality traits, an author can use a foil to display the difference between two people. The foil of Juliet's mother, Lady Capulet, is the Nurse. 

Whereas Lady Capulet behaves with a great deal of emotional distance toward her daughter, the Nurse is affectionate and invested in Juliet's wellbeing. When it is suggested to Juliet that she get married at the tender age of thirteen, Lady Capulet replies to the girl's protestations that she must, "think of marriage now; younger than you, / Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, / Are made already mothers..." Lady Capulet seems to have little interest in her daughter's happiness; rather, she emphasizes the importance of obedience as a woman and wife. The Nurse, on the other hand, is directly involved with Juliet's disobedience. She serves as a messenger between Romeo and Juliet and helps arrange their secret marriage and its subsequent consummation. Eventually the Nurse does try to convince Juliet to marry Paris, but only after facing the wrath of Lord Capulet; this suggestion seems more like an attempt to protect Juliet from her terrifying father than a betrayal of Juliet's already existing marriage.

Ultimately, the Nurse plays a nurturing, supportive, motherly presence in Juliet's life, which highlights just how absent, cold, and dismissive Lady Capulet can be. 

`y = log_4(5x+1)` Find the derivative of the function

`y=log_4(5x + 1)`

The derivative formula of a logarithm is:

`d/(dx) [log_a (u)] = 1/(ln(a) * u) * (du)/(dx)`

Applying that formula, the derivative of the function will be:

`(dy)/(dx) = d/(dx)[ log_4(5x+1)]`

`(dy)/(dx) =1/(ln(4) * (5x+1))* d/(dx) (5x+1)`

`(dy)/(dx) =1/(ln(4) * (5x+1)) * 5`

`(dy)/(dx) =5/((5x+1)ln(4))`

Therefore, the derivative of the function is `(dy)/(dx) =5/((5x+1)ln(4))` .

As "A Devoted Son" begins, what makes Varma proud of his son?

As the story begins, Varma is informed by his son, Rakesh, that he has excelled in his school examinations; in fact, Rakesh has come in first in the country.

Varma is proud of Rakesh because the young man has fulfilled all his expectations and made all his sacrifices well worth the effort. Also, Rakesh's fine academic performance has raised Varma in his neighbors' estimation. We also get the sense that Varma is most proud of Rakesh's filial loyalty. After reading the results of the examinations in the morning paper, Rakesh's first act is to come and touch his father's feet in the traditional Indian gesture of respect.

Varma is also proud of Rakesh for winning a scholarship to finish his medical studies in the United States. After college, Rakesh returns to India to dutifully marry a local girl of his mother's choosing. Despite being the best and richest doctor in town, Rakesh remains the ever devoted son, always observing the traditions so cherished by the older generation. So, at the beginning of the story, we can see that Varma is proud of his son for his accomplishments and for his filial devotion to his parents.

In a paragraph, please discuss how Arthur Miller represents community through the characters words and actions in his play, The Crucible?

Miller represents the Salem community as a seriously divided one.  A faction prevented a relative of Mr. Putnam from attaining a position for which he was well-qualified, creating the resentment of the Putnam family.  Mr. Putnam "felt that his own name and the honor of his family had been smirched by the village [...]."  Further, Reverend Parris swears that another faction exists, a "faction that is sworn to drive [him] from [his] pulpit."  He fears that he could lose his situation and position if they are successful.  He blames John Proctor and Giles Corey for heading up such a "party," but they clearly know nothing about it.  Then, the suspicion of Mrs. Putnam helps to drive more wedges in between members of the community.  She says, "There are wheels within wheels in this village, and fires within fires!"  She is understandably angry that seven of her eight children died within hours of their birth, but she looks at others, like Rebecca Nurse, who has never lost a child, with bitterness and envy.  This leads to her suspicion that there are witches in the village who have murdered her babies, a suspicion that makes her all too ready to believe any accusations against them.  The speech and actions of these characters lets us know how much bitterness and suspicion seems to infect this community, and it has driven them to splinter and turn on one another.

Why do Paul and Darry go to the rumble in S.E. Hinton's The Outsiders?

Paul is supporting his friend Bob, and Darry is supporting the greasers and Johnny. 

The reason for the rumble is revenge. The Socs want revenge for Bob’s death, and the greasers want revenge for what happened to Johnny. Darry may not seem like a hard-core fighter, but he will support his gang. Pony says Darry likes to take on two at a time in a rumble. Clearly, Darry is a strong fighter. 

Darry and Paul know each other; they used to be friends of a sort because they played football together. Because of this past, they end up fighting each other. At this point, one's identity as a greaser or Soc is the most important thing. Paul decides to take Darry, and Darry believes he can take Paul. Pony watches the interaction between them. 

He was looking at Darry with an expression I couldn't quite place, but disliked. Contempt? Pity? Hate? All three? Why? Because Darry was standing there representing all of us, and maybe Paul felt only contempt and pity and hate for greasers (Chapter 36)?

Paul Holden was a football player. Pony comments that neither of his brothers have ever lost a fight. Paul makes the first punch, which is so hard that Pony says anyone other than Darry would have gone down. The rumble then begins. 

Pony always says Darry is the responsible one. He had to get a job and take care of his two brothers since their parents are dead. Even though he tries to stay on the straight and narrow, Darry can obviously handle himself in a fight. Darry’s involvement in the rumbles shows greasers stand up for each other, and as Pony says, greasers defending greasers is believed to be the most important thing.

In "Harrison Bergeron" by Kurt Vonnegut, what behavior do you think might be viewed as abnormal and illegal?

In the short story "Harrison Bergeron," everything that exceeds the lowest common denominator set by Handicapper General Diana Moon Glampers is considered abnormal or illegal.

Arts, in particular, would be considered abnormal or illegal. There are specific examples of this: the musicians and the ballerinas. These performers are handicapped despite the fact that the purpose of arts is to be aesthetically pleasing. But the ballerina who reads the report about Harrison "must have been extraordinarily beautiful, because the mask she wore was hideous," and "was the strongest and most graceful of all the dancers, for her handicap bags were as big as those worn by two-hundred-pound men." What would this mean for other artists? Were there composers or painters? Was any new art being composed? Would this art be beautiful?

Another thing that might be considered abnormal or illegal is contrary thought. One of the ideals in American democracy is the ability to disagree and have differences and eventually compromise. However, there is no compromise needed in the year of 2081 because everyone is forced to agree. George Bergeron states this idea concisely when Hazel suggests he remove some of the led balls in his handicap:

"If I tried to get away with it ... then other people'd get away with it—and pretty soon we'd be right back to the dark ages again, with everybody competing against everybody else."

In what ways does the mother pressure her daughter to change?

In the story, one of the ways the mother pressures her daughter, Jing Mei, to change is by requiring her to watch old Shirley Temple movies as if they are "training films." Jing Mei's mother even forces Jing Mei to have her hair cut so that she can look like the child star. However, the results fall flat, and Jing Mei ends up having to have most of her hair cut off.

Each night after dinner, Jing Mei's mother also subjects Jing Mei to tests to determine what she will excel in. As a matter of practice, Jing Mei's mother will read aloud to Jing Mei stories that tell of gifted children and their exploits; then, she will ask Jing Mei a list of questions. The tests are supposed to determine what kind of prodigy Jing Mei is most suited to be.

Finally, Jing Mei's mother settles on the decision to turn Jing Mei into a piano prodigy. She makes Jing Mei take piano lessons from a retired piano teacher, Mr. Chong. However, because of his age and inability to hear well, Mr. Chong proves to be an ineffective teacher. In the end, to spite her mother, Jing Mei performs badly at a piano recital. This leads to an emotional argument that results in Jing Mei being allowed to quit her piano lessons.

So, in the story, the mother pressures her daughter to change in the numerous ways described above. However, she does not bargain for her daughter's strong response against her bid to transform her into a child prodigy.

Why did the Republicans oppose the initiatives of the Democrats in the New Deal?

The New Deal represented a very significant shift in thinking about the role our government should play in the economy, especially when difficult times occurred. Throughout the 1920s, a decade when Republicans were elected to the presidency, the prevailing attitude was one of laissez-faire. This meant that the government should have a very limited role in dealing with our economy. There would be few government rules and regulations, allowing businesses to have a great deal of freedom.

When the Great Depression began, this philosophy continued under the presidency of Herbert Hoover. Many people believed that things would eventually work themselves out on their own with little government help. As the Great Depression worsened, more people began to change their thinking. However, many Republicans were opposed to increasing the role of the federal government in dealing with the economy.

The New Deal clearly represented the viewpoint that the government must do something when difficult times occurred. There were programs that established rules and regulations on the banking industry and on the investment industry. The Glass-Steagall Act and the Securities Act were examples of these programs. There were many government programs that created jobs. The CCC, the CWA, the PWA, and the WPA were examples of government programs that created jobs.

Republicans were opposed to this significantly larger role of the federal government. They also were concerned about the increased debt that our country faced. The New Deal financed these programs through deficit spending. The Republicans were uncomfortable with this. The Republicans also felt that these programs didn’t reduce the harsh effects of the Great Depression as much as they should have reduced them. They were concerned that all this money was being spent, but the unemployment rate wasn’t dropping as much as it should have. They believed the recovery was too slow. The Republicans, especially business owners, were concerned that some of the New Deal programs gave too much power to workers and their unions. They were concerned about the number of strikes that occurred after the passage of the Wagner Act. Therefore, they believed that the increased role of the government, the increased government spending, and the increased number of government rules and regulations weren’t having the desired effect of bringing the Great Depression to an end.

What were the effects of the American Civil War?

First, let's look at the war in terms of human cost: over 620,000 people died in the Civil War. The war did improve embalming techniques in this country, and the U.S. Army adopted "dog tags" so bodies could more easily be identified and sent home. In addition to causing the deaths of many people, the war also disfigured and maimed thousands more. After the war, one quarter of the state of Georgia's budget went toward providing artificial limbs for that state's veterans.  

Politically, the war changed America. African Americans gained their freedom, citizenship, and suffrage all within five years of the war's end. The Democratic Party was associated with secession, so the decades after the war saw the growth of the Republican Party. Many war heroes went into politics, and several presidents of the nation were veterans of the war, including Ulysses S. Grant. The end of the war also brought about Reconstruction, which attempted to bind the North and South back together, although this was difficult because the South resented military occupation. There continued to be a rift between Northern and Southern politicians until 1898, when both sides found something they could agree on — an imperialistic war against Spain, known as the Spanish-American War.  

Economically, the war changed America. The mass production techniques that provided supplies for over one million Union soldiers was turned to civilian purposes; soon, people could buy more mass-produced goods than ever before. During the war, the Union also developed its railroad and telegraph lines, as these were key to keep its armies in the field informed and supplied. After the war, these technologies would be put to civilian use, binding the nation closer together economically. The North's economy grew immensely after the war. The Southern economy was in shambles after the war. What railroads existed in the South were destroyed during the war. In the Shenandoah Valley and Georgia, total war destroyed farms and towns. Ships had to be towed out of rivers and harbors, which had to be made accessible again to commerce. Since the South had a lot of land to farm and a shortage of capital, many people (both white and black) turned to sharecropping, which was actually a life of generational poverty. Many places in the South practiced sharecropping until WWII — seventy-five years after the Civil War.  

Read "Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper" and at least one additional article from the literature resources center about Gilman. How much do you...

After reading "Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper," and taking note of the fact that Gilman's short story is a fictionalized memoir, I'd have to say that the narrator in "The Yellow Wallpaper" is based on Gilman herself. Gilman clearly states that the story is an embellished version of her own experience, and that her purpose in writing it was to convey to the mental health professionals of her day the damage that the "resting cure" was inflicting upon women.

The assumption in the 19th century was that too much intellectual activity was taxing on the fragile female mind, and that it was thinking too much or writing too much that was the cause of hysterical conditions. As Gilman notes in her brief article, work is an important part of life for all people, regardless of gender. Working gives us the feeling of productivity, which in turn can help us feel like our life is valuable and necessary. It was resuming work that allowed Gilman to gain a measure of recovery.

Like all creative non-fiction, the essential core of the story is true and the gaps, like scenery and dialogue, are filled in creatively by the author. Gilman admits that she never had hallucinations, which is such a central part of the story that adding them moves "The Yellow Wallpaper" into the category of fiction. As Gilman indicates though, her ideal was achieved through the writing of the story. People, especially physicians, started to recognize that women aren't so wholly different from men that work harms them.

As a result, treatment of women for hysterical disorders began to change, and women were at times given the courage to advocate on their own behalf. Personally, I don't see that this is directly a feminist agenda, although it can be read that way. A more plausible interpretation (at least in my opinion) is that after Gilman's personal experience with mental health treatment, she wanted to help both patients and practitioners realize the harm that was being done by the treatment standards of the time. This goal can be seen as aimed at advocating the personhood of women, but only indirectly, since the point may have been more the ineffectiveness of treatment rather than the injustice of treatment as it was offered to women at the time. Many scholars, however, do read "The Yellow Wallpaper" as a feminist critique, and would argue that advocating the personhood of women and calling attention to the injustice of the rest cure could be described as Gilman's central aims.

What does Aunt Alexandra call Atticus, which Scout thinks is strange in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Scout is surprised to hear Alexandra call Atticus “Brother.”

Scout does not get along with her Aunt Alexandra, who is her father’s sister. She feels her aunt is harsh and exacting. She also thinks Alexandra is unsupportive of Atticus’s defending Tom Robinson because Scout’s cousin Francis repreated some racist comments Alexandra made.

At Christmastime, Scout and her family are visiting Finches’ Landing when her deplorable cousin Frances begins teasing her about her father taking Tom Robinson’s case.  It is an unpopular case in Maycomb because Robinson is a black man accused of raping a white woman. Frances’s comments about what Alexandra said are harsh and dripping with racism:

If Uncle Atticus lets you run around with stray dogs, that’s his own business, like Grandma says, so it ain’t your fault. I guess it ain’t your fault if Uncle Atticus is a nigger-lover besides, but I’m here to tell you it certainly does mortify the rest of the family (Chapter 9).

This angers Scout, and she gets into a fight with Frances. Her Uncle Jack, Atticus’s brother, spanks her for it. She later tells her uncle that Frances “provocated” her, but admits she doesn’t really understand what he said. She just doesn’t like it.

Scout is surprised when Alexandra shows up as the trial begins, doubting her intentions. Alexandra says she is there to support her brother, but Scout sees her as a trouble maker. When Robinson is convicted, Scout is surprised at Alexandra’s sympathy for Atticus.

“I’m sorry, brother,” she murmured. Having never heard her call Atticus “brother” before, I stole a glance at Jem, but he was not listening. He would look up at Atticus, then down at the floor, and I wondered if he thought Atticus somehow responsible for Tom Robinson’s conviction (Chapter 22).

Scout is surprised because "Brother" used in this way is a term of endearment or affection. It is Alexandra letting her guard down and showing her love for Atticus. It shows the softer side of Alexandra.

The verdict saddens the whole family, particularly Jem. He takes it very hard because he was convinced the verdict would be an acquittal. Alexandra understands Atticus worked hard on the case. When Tom Robinson tries to jump the fence and is killed, Alexandra shows sympathy for Atticus. Clearly, she is not the bitter and heartless woman that Scout thought she was. She may be racist, and she may not approve of Atticus's actions, but she will support her brother and she does care about him.

How does Atticus show integrity throughout the novel? Would Atticus' response to Bob Ewell spitting in his face be considered acting with integrity?

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, integrity is defined as the quality of being honest and fair. Throughout the novel, Atticus displays integrity by excising his morally upright belief that people should be treated equally and having tolerance for the ignorant community members of Maycomb. Atticus portrays his integrity by treating Jem and Scout equally and fairly. Scout even tells her uncle that when she and Jem argue, Atticus hears both sides of their stories. Atticus is also tolerant towards Mrs. Dubose. He tells Jem, "She’s an old lady and she’s ill. You just hold your head high and be a gentleman" (Lee 64).

Later on in the novel, when Aunt Alexandra tries to influence Atticus to fire Calpurnia, Atticus defends Cal by referring to her as a faithful member of the family. He treats Cal fairly and refuses to fire her. In Chapter 16, after the Old Sarum bunch attempts to lynch Tom Robinson, Atticus displays integrity by explaining to his children how mob mentality influenced each member of the gang. Atticus also displays integrity by valiantly defending Tom Robinson in front of a prejudiced community. After losing the trial, Bob Ewell seeks to avenge Atticus and spits in his face while leaving the post office. Atticus does not react with violence or anger, and simply allows Bob to express his grievances. Atticus' ability to maintain self-control and be tolerant towards Bob reflects his integrity. Atticus' actions are congruent with his beliefs which is why refraining from responding out of anger would be considered acting with integrity.

What was the purpose of the Boston Massacre?

The Boston Massacre really did not have a purpose.  It was not something that the British set out to do.  Instead, it happened spontaneously.  To the extent that it had a purpose, its purpose was to prevent a group of British soldiers from being harmed by a crowd of angry colonists.

In the spring of 1770, British soldiers had been posted in Boston for almost two years.  They were there to enforce tax and other laws that the colonists disliked.  The colonists resented the fact that the soldiers were in their city.  This led to various incidents between soldiers and colonists.

On March 5th of that year, a lone British sentry was guarding a customs house when he started to be harassed by a crowd.  Eight more soldiers came to help him, and the crowd began to threaten them, taunt them, and even throw things at them.  The soldiers were under orders not to fire, but one of them did end up firing, presumably because he was hit by a thrown object.  This caused other soldiers to fire as well, killing three colonists immediately and wounding others, two of whom later died.

From this account, we can see that there was no real purpose behind the massacre.  The soldiers had not been sent out to kill colonists to make a point or anything like that.  Instead, the massacre was an accident that came about because of tense relations between American colonists and British soldiers.  The only purpose behind it was the soldiers’ desire to keep themselves safe from what they perceived as threats.

How did apartheid affect people's lives and how did they respond?

Apartheid is the systematic segregation of a particular group of people by a country’s government. The term traces its origins to South Africa. In 1948, the ruling National Party (NP) instituted a system of racial segregation. They established a system of white minority rule over the black majority natives and other racial groups. The ruling party undermined the social and civil rights of the races they considered inferior.

Members of the black community had their citizenship revoked. They were evicted from their homes and forced into segregated residential areas. The segregation affected access to social amenities and institutions. Schools and hospitals, among other public services, were segregated. Black people were provided with substandard services with no political representation to voice their opposition.  

The situation led to growing dissent among the majority black population. Anti-apartheid groups were organized by the black community to protest against the situation imposed on the community. The government responded by arresting the leaders and participants. Violence erupted across the country between the government and the black community. Internal pressure by the anti-apartheid groups and international embargoes forced the government to reconsider its position and agree to end the segregation.

`y = tanh^-1(sqrt(x))` Find the derivative of the function

Derivative of a function f with respect to x is denoted as `f'(x)` or ` y'` .

To solve for derivative of y or `(y')` for the given problem: `y = tanh^(-1)(sqrt(x))` , we follow the basic derivative formula for inverse hyperbolic function:

`d/(dx)(tanh^(-1)(u))= ((du)/(dx))/(1-u^2) ` where `|u|lt1` .

Let: `u =sqrt(x)`

Apply the Law of Exponent: `sqrt(x) = x^(1/2)`

Solve for the derivative of u using the Power Rule for derivative: `d/(dx)x^n=n*x^(n+1) * d(x)`

Then,

`du=1/2x^(1/2-1)*1dx`

`du=1/2x^(-1/2) dx`

Apply the Law of Exponent:

`x^(-n)= 1/x^n. `

`du=1/(2x^(1/2)) dx `

Rearrange into:

`(du)/(dx)=1/(2x^(1/2))`

`(du)/(dx)=1/(2sqrt(x)) `      

Apply the derivative formula, we get:

`d/(dx)(tanh^(-1)(sqrt(x)))= ((1/(2sqrt(x))))/((1-(sqrt(x))^2))`

                               `=((1/(2sqrt(x))))/((1-x))`

                               `=(1/(2sqrt(x)))*1/((1-x))`

                               `=1/(2sqrt(x)(1-x))`

Final answer:

`d/(dx)(tanh^(-1)(sqrt(x)))=1/(2sqrt(x)(1-x))`

What is Ponyboy’s biggest fear?

I can think of two things in the book that might represent Ponyboy's biggest fear.  The first one is late in the book.  Ponyboy has been in and out of consciousness after Johnny and Dally have both died.  In his delirium Ponyboy asks for multiple members of his family.  Darry tells Ponyboy that he asked for mom, dad, and Soda.  That information causes Ponyboy to feel some guilt because he isn't sure if he had asked for Darry.  Ponyboy fears that Darry will think Ponyboy doesn't care about him.  

Something in his tone of voice made me look at him. Mostly for Soda. Did I ask for Darry at all, or was he just saying that?

"Darry..." I didn't know quite what I wanted to say. But I had a sick feeling that maybe I hadn't called for him while I was delirious, maybe I had only wanted Sodapop to be with me.

The other main fear that I think this question might be referring to is Ponyboy's fear of having the rest of his family split up.  In chapter seven, Ponyboy reads about himself, Johnny, and other Greasers in the paper.  The article closes with a comment about how the Curtis brothers should be allowed to keep living together.  Ponyboy quickly grasps that there is a very real possibility that he and his brothers could be split up and placed in a boys' home.  The thought terrifies Ponyboy. 

The meaning of that last line finally hit me. "You mean..." -- I swallowed hard -- "that they're thinking about putting me and Soda in a boys' home or something?"

Steve was carefully combing back his hair in complicated swirls. "Somethin' like that."

I sat down in a daze. We couldn't get hauled off now. Not after me and Darry had finally got through to each other, and now that the big rumble was coming up and we would settle this Soc-Greaser thing once and for all. Not now, when Johnny needed us and Dally was still in the hospital and wouldn't be out for the rumble.

"No," I said out loud, and Two-Bit, who was scraping the egg off the clock, turned to stare at me.

"No what?"

"No, they ain't goin' to put us in a boys' home."

What effect does the author create by comparing the silk stockings to a tiara of diamonds in "A Pair of Silk Stockings"?

Comparing the silk stockings to "a tiara of diamonds" implies that they are, indeed, a luxury and an item for the wealthy.

When Mrs. Sommers touches the pair of silk stockings, sensory words and images of touch and of sight are used to express the appeal that this item holds. In fact, the silk stockings seduce Mrs. Sommers as "[T]wo hectic blotches came suddenly into her pale cheeks," and she asks if there are any stockings in her size. Because the temptation to pamper herself becomes too great, Mrs. Sommers purchases a black pair of silk stockings.

Having succumbed to the temptation to indulge herself because she is "a little faint and tired," Mrs. Sommers satisfies her urge for freedom from her obligations:

How good was the touch of the raw silk to the flesh! She felt like lying back in the cushioned chair and reveling for a while in the luxury of it. She did for a little while. Then she replaced her shoes....[and] crossed straight over to the shoe department....

For the rest of the day, Mrs. Sommers frees herself from obligations, luxuriating in more purchases, a meal, during which she "wiggled her toes in the silk stockings," and a play in a theater. At the end of the day, "it was like a dream ended" as the cable car returns Mrs. Sommers to her obligations.

What are quotes that depict Jem, Atticus, and Boo displaying courage in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee?

There are several scenes throughout the novel that depict Jem showing courage. In Chapter 6, Jem narrowly escapes the Radley yard, but is forced to leave his pants behind after they get caught in the Radley's fence. Later that evening, Jem gets out of bed and says, "I'm goin' after 'em" (Lee 74). Despite the danger of entering the Radley yard, knowing that Nathan is waiting with a shotgun, Jem bravely sneaks out of the house to retrieve his pants.

Atticus displays courage in Chapter 15 when the Old Sarum bunch arrives to lynch Tom Robinson, who is locked inside the Maycomb jailhouse. When Walter Cunningham tells Atticus to move aside, Atticus says, "You can turn around and go home again, Walter" (Lee 202). Although Atticus is outnumbered and in a dangerous situation, he courageously defends Tom by refusing to step aside.

At the end of the novel, Boo Radley prevents Bob Ewell from murdering Jem and Scout by leaving the safety of his home and wrestling Bob away from the children. When Scout describes to Sheriff Tate what happened, she says,

"Anyway, Jem hollered and I didn't hear him any more an' the next thing—Mr. Ewell was tryin' to squeeze me to death, I reckon...then somebody yanked Mr. Ewell down. Jem must have got up, I guess. That's all I know..." (Lee 362).

The person who yanked Mr. Ewell down was Boo Radley. Boo Radley courageously entered a dangerous situation to defend two innocent children and successfully prevented Bob from murdering them.

What is the difference in the impact of art therapy and art?

The difference in the impact of art therapy and art is in the purpose of, and human reaction to, each.

The subject of the impact of art on individuals, populations, communities, and education has been and continues to be studied. In general, the impact of art is based on one’s emotional response to it, no matter the medium. It is believed that understanding and being involved in artistic endeavors such as music or painting enriches lives. For some, art impacts their understanding of history through works from pre-biblical times to contemporary work. Some believe that exposure to and participation in the arts is paramount to student learning, while others believe the arts simple cause people to express and react to beauty and pleasure that would not exist without artistic outlets.

On the other hand, the purpose of art therapy is to aid in the healing of individuals from social and emotional trauma. Art therapy is a distinct form of psychotherapy. It is a creative release, facilitated by an art therapist or psychologist, in both individual and group settings. People are encouraged to express their emotions through artistic creations in order to deal with life’s challenges, illnesses, and relationships.

Art therapy helps people resolve conflicts, improve interpersonal skills, manage problematic behaviors, reduce negative stress, and achieve personal insight. Art therapy also provides an opportunity to enjoy the life-affirming pleasures of art making. 

Why does the young man's voice catch when Gortsby lends him the sovereign?

It appears that the young man's emotional reaction may have been part of his act. The text tells us that, after the brief show of emotion, he quickly blurts out a word or two of thanks before he rushes off in the direction of Knightsbridge.

For his part, Gortsby is none the wiser, as he ponders the young man and his predicament:

"Poor boy, he as nearly as possible broke down," said Gortsby to himself. "I don't wonder either; the relief from his quandary must have been acute. It's a lesson to me not to be too clever in judging by circumstances."

Gortsby had originally doubted his youthful acquaintance's story when he heard it. The young man had claimed to have forgotten the name of his hotel after having left to purchase some soap. Since he cannot produce the soap he had supposedly bought, Gortsby finds himself a little skeptical about the young man's story. However, when he later spies the supposed bar of soap on the ground by the side of the bench, Gortsby rushes to the young man to lend him a sovereign.

In Gortsby's mind, he is lending the sovereign to a possibly wealthy young man. Who knows how the connection will eventually benefit him? So, Gortsby thinks to ingratiate himself to the young man, but it turns out badly in the end. Essentially, Gortsby finds that he has been at the mercy of a wily conman, certainly not a very pleasant realization on his part.

As Gortsby retraced his steps past the seat where the little drama had taken place he saw an elderly gentleman poking and peering beneath it and on all sides of it, and recognised his earlier fellow occupant.

     "Have you lost anything, sir?" he asked.

     "Yes, sir, a cake of soap."

What is the main problem in Old Yeller?

The main problem in Old Yeller is how Travis Coates, who is 14, will be able to take care of his mother and younger brother, Little Arliss, while his father is away on a long cattle drive. Part of Travis's dilemma is how he will handle Old Yeller, the name he gives the mangy dog who shows up at the family's house and consumes all their meat.

At first, Travis struggles to deal with the tasks of being head of the house, and he also struggles to control Old Yeller. The dog cavorts in the family's drinking water with five-year-old Arliss and fails to go after two bulls who are fighting. However, Old Yeller then saves Arliss from a bear, and the dog becomes invaluable to Travis in catching the heifer, Spot, who has run away. Old Yeller also saves Mama and Lisbeth, a neighbor, from a rabid wolf, but, as the dog has contracted rabies, Travis must shoot Old Yeller. In the end, Travis, though sick at heart after killing the dog, has proved that he can serve ably as the head of his household. 

In the novel The Giver why does the community refer to death as "release"?

In Lowry's The Giver, death is referred to as "release" because the leaders of the community, the Elders, do not want the people of the community to realize that their members are being killed.  People believe that those released are going "Elsewhere," that is, somewhere outside of the community.  In fact, people are euthanized when they get old enough to be more trouble than they are worth, people are put to death for infractions of the rules, and in at least one instance, a child is put to death for its failure to thrive.  Everyone in this community must be productive, healthy, and compliant. Otherwise, it's a death sentence.  "Release" is something beyond a mere euphemism in the novel.  It's a lie.  If people knew the truth, they might resist in some way, assuming that the drugs they take to suppress their emotions would allow that to happen.  But the combination of the lie and the drugs keeps the denizens of the community compliant and content, with no outrage over the killing of their old, their unfit, and their rule-breakers.

Why was the Reconquista successful?

The term "successful" when referring to the Reconquista must be considered through the lens of how it relates to the initial goal of the Christian kingdoms who fought the roughly 770-year war to remove the Muslim influence from the Iberian Peninsula around Spain and Portugal.

Invariably, a war that lasts several centuries will see a large deal of bloodshed, victories, and defeats on both sides. However, because the Christian kingdoms who partook in the fighting ultimately largely saw the nearly complete removal of the Muslim Moors from the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Reconquista, then one could consider the fighting successful for these kingdoms. After the conclusion of the Reconquista, Jews and Muslims who remained in Spain were forced to convert to Christianity. Those who refused to do so were forced to leave the country.

In Night, why did all of this happen?

The Holocaust and the cruelty behind it were the reasons that everything in Wiesel's narrative happens.

When Adolf Hitler ascended to German political power, he was able to set in motion his plan for genocide.  This plan became known as the Holocaust, a genocide of Jewish people as well as anyone deemed an enemy of the Third Reich.  The 1944 Nazi entry into Sighet was intended to move the Jewish people there into work and concentration camps.  This marks the start of Wiesel's narrative. Wiesel's entry into Auschwitz- Birkenau and the work camp of Buna, as well as his struggle to survive are because of the Holocaust. He clearly establishes how human cruelty enabled the Holocaust to happen. This is seen in the way Wiesel depicts high-ranking Nazi officials like Dr. Mengele who acted "like a conductor" in the way he orchestrated the murder of millions to the guards like Idek, who took sadistic pleasure in beating prisoners.  Wiesel also shows how this tendency was replicated in the way some victims treated one another.  Moshe the Beadle and Madame Schachter are treated cruelly by fellow victims.  In being able to show the way in which dehumanization is a sadly human trait, Wiesel clearly demonstrates that one of the worst crimes perpetrated in human history was the result of cruelty against one another.  The entire book takes place against this historical and emotional backdrop.

Was the southern economy dependent on slavery?

Yes, the southern economy was dependent on slave labor. Rather than industrializing like the northern states, the southern states were primarily agriculture. Before the American Revolution, the southern colonies mainly relied on growing tobacco as a cash crop, which, in turn, depended on slave labor to be profitable and make fortunes for the plantation owners. After the invention of the cotton gin, the southern states relied most heavily on growing cotton, again a labor intensive form of agriculture that remained profitable because of the low-cost labor provided by slaves. Slaves also were important to sugar plantations in Louisiana and to growing wheat and hemp in many southern states. The United States suffered from a labor shortage at this time and hired help was more expensive and considered more unreliable than slaves, as free people could quit at any time. After the Civil War and the abolition of slavery, the southern economy suffered and the wealthy plantations could no longer flourish.