In Chapters 16 and 17 of Huxley's Brave New World, Mustapha Mond has an open discussion with John the Savage, Bernard Marx, and Helmholtz Watson about the society in which they live. During this discussion, Mond reveals many of the sacrifices that had to be made in order to achieve the stable and happy society they currently have. Mond defines happiness in the following way:
"People are happy; they get what they want, and they never want what they can't get. They're well off; they're safe; they're never ill; they're not afraid of death; they're blissfully ignorant of passion and old age" (220).
John argues with the Controller that the world lacks art and literature such as Othello; yet Mond argues that Othello is not only old, but people wouldn't be able to understand it anyway if it were given to them. Mond explains that art such as Othello was sacrificed when the world chose to live in a stable world. John asks Mond to list all of the things that were sacrificed in order to have a happy and stable world. Mond mentions that real science was sacrificed, as well as God, religion, families with parents and children living together, and the freedom to choose between one lifestyle or another.
On the other hand, Mond cites the terrible things that were also sacrificed for a better life, such as growing old and ugly, hunger, diseases, war, and any other painful or uncomfortable vices found in the world before the current system took over. The question is if the world wants to live with inconveniences, pain, and suffering, along with passion, art, literature, as well as freedom to choose between these things; or, if it wants an easy life of comfort, sensuality, drug-induced holidays, without any freedom to choose something better or worse than what is given to them. John chooses to take responsibility for his own happiness rather than live under the spoon-fed, conditioned happiness the world can offer him. For John, art, literature, and the freedom to choose how he wants to live his life are more important than Mond's superficial but stable and happy world.
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