Antony uses a rich variety of rhetorical devices to make a powerful and effective speech. The ones I list here are used not only in his initial address, but throughout his other disquisitions to the crowd as well.
Repetition and anaphora:
Friends, Romans, countrymen,
Instead of using just any one of the three forms of address, Antony uses all three at once. This affirms not only his kinsmanship but also his loyalty and faith in those whom he speaks to. It is a powerful tool and is also referred to as 'the power of three.' The repetition immediately grabs the restless crowds' attention and affirms his position as a friend and a leader.
The repetition is also aptly employed in his consistent referral to Brutus and the other conspirators as 'honourable.'
Synecdoche: A part of something which is used to refer to the whole
...lend me your ears;
Antony wants the crowd to pay attention and listen to him. By referring to their ears, he is actually alluding to them in their entirety.
Antithesis: The creation of a contrast
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
By creating a contrast in stating his purpose in making a speech, Antony is making the crowd aware that his act is one of humility and reverence. He does not want to offend the crowd so early in his speech, especially after the cynical statements Brutus had made about Caesar concerning why he had to be killed. His words are still fresh in their memories and Antony is careful not to contradict Brutus and earn the crowds' resentment for trying to defend what they believe was an unscrupulously ambitious leader.
Zeugma: The application of a word to two others in different contexts.
it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it.
Antony cleverly uses the word grievous to, firstly, state that Caesar had made a terrible mistake and, secondly, that he had paid the ultimate price therefore. In the same instance, he also suggests his own grief that his friend had to suffer such harsh punishment. This, in itself, is a form of innuendo.
Sarcasm: meaning the opposite of what one actually says, in a bitter, resentful, or spiteful manner.
For Brutus is an honourable man;
So are they all, all honourable men--
At first, the use of 'honourable' in Antony's references to Brutus and the other conspirators seems complimentary, but his repetitive use of the term after each moment in which he contradicts what Brutus has said, gives it a jarring and disturbing sense. The crowd gradually catch on to Antony's sarcastic tone and are soon swayed by his emotional rhetoric.
Alliteration: A number of words which have the same initial consonant sound are used in a line or in a phrase or series.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
Antony utilises the repetition of the f-sound to emphasize the close relationship he had shared with Caesar, further suggesting that he trusted the murdered general and did not perceive him as a threat either as an individual or to Rome.
Fallacy by association or illogical conclusion: Stating that because someone has done something good or bad, implies that everything about him/her is the same.
He hath brought many captives home to Rome
Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill:
Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?
It does not naturally follow that because Caesar had generated money for use by the general public, he was not also ambitious. The one does not necessarily exclude the other.
Rhetorical questions: A question in which the answer is self-evident and, therefore, does not require a response.
I thrice presented him a kingly crown,
Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition?
Antony uses this device throughout his speech. It obviously sets the crowd wondering whether Caesar was really as bad as Brutus made him out to be. Antony creates doubt in their minds which finally turns into the conviction that the general had been wrongly accused and, therefore, his death was an act of murder.
Apostrophe and metaphor:
O judgment! thou art fled to brutish beasts,...
In apostrophe, Antony addresses judgment as if it is a real person. It is, however, an abstract concept. Using this device, he makes his speech sound more emotional and dramatic. The use of 'brutish beasts' is a direct reference to the horrific act performed by Brutus and his co-conspirators. It was a savage, malicious act all in the name of justice. He is questioning the conspirators' judgment and suggests that it was faulty.
The power of Antony's emotional speech drives the crowd into a frenzy and they later go out, thirsting for blood and revenge. Their desire to kill the conspirators is so overwhelming that they even kill innocents, such as the poet Cinna, who shares a name similar to one of the assassins. He is killed for his bad verses.
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