The consequences of trash becoming a biotic factor would be devastating for the environment. By definition biotic factor is a living organism which interacts with other organisms and the environment to shape it in some way. Entire ecosystems would crumble and life would drastically change for all living organisms.
Currently trash is an abiotic factor in the environment, meaning it plays a role but has no active relationship with other living organism through deliberate choice. Trash piles in the United States are largely contained in landfills in semi-urban environments. In 2013 the US had 1,903 landfills with nearly half of those in the western states. Some landfills are being used to generate a positive impact on the environment by producing energy through natural gas via decomposition of organic material.
One key factor of landfills is that they are contained areas for garbage collection. As a biotic factor the trash would hold some sort of decision making process and have the capability to interact with the world. Suppose a landfill in New Jersey decided it wanted to move to Texas? Or even just take up more room? As a biotic factor the trash might grow like a plant and have no direct communication, but may fight for its own survival which may clash with humanity.
Such a factor is far fetched, but can help encourage people to think about recycling. Even local trash could create a problem if it becomes a biotic factor. Trash outside of a landfill may congregate in an area like the middle of wetlands or neighborhood to ensure its survival. One of the key points to remember is all living things have an instinct to thrive. Higher conscience animals such as human can forgo those instinct to a certain degree, but even on a biological level the human body was made to survive. Thus, trash would assume some such need to survive. How that need arises would be the problem.
Theoretically, trash would eventually find a balance in an ecosystem and the environment would gain stasis. However, not all organisms reach stasis through the same means. Viruses (there is still debate whether they are living or non-living), for example, will destroy a host before moving on to another target. The number of hosts exposed to infection will create stasis in the long run, but some hosts will die in the process. What happens if trash turns out to be more like a virus than a human?
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