Saturday, April 16, 2016

`int cs ch(1/x)coth(1/x)/x^2 dx` Find the indefinite integral

Those  `1/x`  under the hyperbolic cosecant and cotangent are irritating, let's change them to more appropriate `y.` Make the substitution `1/x = y,` then `x = 1/y` and `dx = -1/y^2 dy.` The integral becomes


`-int (cs ch(y) coth(y))/(1/y^2) (dy)/y^2 = -int cs ch(y) coth(y) dy =`


|recall that  `cs ch(y) = 1/sinh(y)`  and  `coth(y) = cosh(y)/sinh(y)` |


`= -int cosh(y)/(sinh^2(y)) dy.`


The next substitution is `u = sinh(y),` then `du = cosh(y) dy,` and the integral becomes


`- int (du)/u^2 = 1/u + C = 1/sinh(y) + C = 1/sinh(1/x) + C = cs ch(1/x) + C,`


where `C` is an arbitrary constant.

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